Number of investigations of kidney tuberculosis in morphological and immunological field, in spite of the recent remarkable development of endocrinology, can not make it possible to clarify the relationship between kidney tuberculosis and endocrine functions. Moreover, it is conceivable that the endocrine mechanism in living organism (hormones) may be a factor for initiating this disease since the tuberculosis can be frequently observed in the puberty stage. In order to clarify that anterior pituitary hormone, functioning as a center in all endocrine systems, may probably affect upon the generation and the development of the tuberculosis, the effect of pituitary dysfunction caused by various methods upon the experimental bilateral kidney tuberculosis in male rats of pure Wistar colony was observed, and simultaneously the mechanism of infection was traced.
The pituitary dysfunctions were caused by the following methods.
(1) For the purpose to obtain the pituitary hyperfunction the massive administration of anterior pituitary hormone was performed; namely, the author injected the daily cure dose (0.5mg) of anterior hormone obtained from the mammalian pituitary anterior lobe into peritoneal cavity every day. Fujimori et al., Yoshimura et al., and Aoi disclosed that this procedure generated the experimental hyperfunction of anterior lobe.
(2) In order to inhibit the pituitary function, parahydroxypropiophenone introduced by Marcel parault, 1949, which is a synthetized inhibitor to pituitary body, was perorally given with daily dose of 120mg every day.
(3) As the most precise method, the hypophysectomy through external auditory meatus was performed.
After the innoculation of human tuberculous bacilli isolated from urine of kidney tuberculosis patients into both kidneys of experimental animals, the change of bodily weight, the macroscopic findings of dissected organs, the quantitative culture of intrarenal tuberculous bacilli, the pathohistological examination and the humoral and tissue resistance to infection were observed, and from these results, it is clear that the pituitary dysfunction gives the worse influence the tuberculosis. The important factor of its mechanism consists in the decrease of tissue resistance in individuals, the increased permeability of tissue, and the inhibition of tissue reaction, but the degree of influence upon tuberculosis is various according to the method used to cause the pituitary dysfunction; namely, the most remarkable effect was observed in hypophysectomy, followed by administration of inhibitor of hypophyseal function, and the slightest effect in massive administration of hypophyseal hormone. Though in the early stage, after innoculation of tuberculous bacilli there might be a significant difference in slight degree between control group and experimental group, this difference, diminished with passing of time.
The results can be classified for each experiment as follows.
(1) The bodily weight decreased most remarkably in hypophysectomized group but did slightly in hypophysis-inhibited group and in anterior hormone-injected group; namely, in comparison with the decrease of 35g in control group, the administration of anterior hormone caused the increase of 5g, the injection of inhibitor showed the decrease of 90g. and the hypophysectomy resulted in the decrease of 140g.
(2) The macroscopic findings revealed no significant difference between anterior hormone group or inhibitor-treated group and control group, but showed clearly the significant difference between hypophysectomized group and control group.
(3) The quantitative cultivation of tuberculous bacilli within organ showed that the slight difference among every group could be noticed in amount of proliferation of bacilli until the second week after injection. After three weeks the most remarkable result was observed in hypophysectomized group, followed by inhibitor-treated group and the least in anterior hormone gro

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Since the urinary bladder is an organ provided with an extensive mucous membrane as its important structure, numerous investigators have utilized it for a long time in the study of the absorption of water and various therapeutic solutions. Such a situation has naturally stimulated many others to investigate in real earnestness the problems related to the absorptive function of the bladder. However, the conclusions derived from these studies are far from being unanimous and much controversy still exists in the literature. It has often been presumed that the absorptive function of the bladder is selective in nature, since this organ behaves differently depending upon the nature of the drug solutions under investigation. The early workers proposed the positive absorption theory, which, however, was later denied, although again today the absorption is considered to be entirely possible.
For this reason, we have been engaged in experimental studies employing many kinds of drug solutions and endeavored to elucidate the basic theory of absorption on the basis of the data we have obtained. For preliminary investigations, we have made observations on 19 varieties of drugs, and discovered 8 of these to be absorbed, 8 to be rather attended by exudation, while the remainder to be entirely indifferent. Subsequently, biochemical as well as histological investigations in detail have been carried out on silver nitrate solution, protein silver solution, saline solutions of different concentration and sugar solution by Oi (1952), Sahako (1954), Sasaki (1955), Morishima (1955) and Goto (1955). The results of these studies indicate positive absorption of the solutions in comparatively large amounts in accordance to certain definite rules.
The author has devised a series of experiments by attempting to approach the problem in a somewhat reversed manner by using solutions of magnesium sulfate, a drug which is generally considered to be absorbed with difficulty through the mucous membrane.
The method consisted of isolating the bladders of rabbits weighing over 2kg, and 20cc each of magnesium sulfate solutions prepared to represent concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 per cent were introduced into these organs. The content of each bladder was collected at intervals of 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours afterwards and examined as to quantitative changes as well as biochemical fluctuations of the actual amount of magnesium (Mg). The disapearance rate of Mg from the bladder content was followed by the new Sobel's method which was also utilized for the determination of this element in the serum. A total of 84 rabbits was used in these experiments and the results are shown in 7 tables and 18 figures.
Since the isotonic zone of magnesium sulfate solution in the bladder is presumed to lie in the neighborhood of 2.0 per cent, the higher limit of concentration of the test solution was set at 5.0-10.0 per cent, and the lower at 0.5-1.0 per cent. With solutions of lower concentration the absorption of Mg takes place, and it is most active in 4-6 hours. The fluctuations of Mg are relatively slight with solutions approaching isotonicity, the three curves for the quantity, Mg content and its concentration describing almost parallel gradients. The amount of water shows a slight increase in about 2 hours, but Mg is clearly absorbed from the beginning, the 24 hour averages being approximately 20.3mg against the initial value of 40mg. However, since water absorption occurs simultaneously, the calculated concentration for magnesium sulfate is 1.156 per cent. This means that the bladder either absorbs or excretes water and Mg in a highly sensitive manner for a given stretch of time in order to bring the concentration of the injected solution to the isotonic zone. This phenomenon is most marked with the high as well as the low concentration of the test solution, while it is least apparent with isotonic solutions.
The results of observations m

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Muscular arrangements of the ureter, bladder, urethra and prostate obtained from 13 cadavers of the male sex were examined with a magnifying glass. On the other hand, muscular coat of the bladder neck was studied microscopically and some of these specimens were reconstructed by modelling with wax plate.
Ureteral musculatures consist of three layers; namely, an external longitudinal, a middle circular and an internal longitudinal layer. The middle layer fades away when the ureter approaches the bladder, while the external and internal layer incorporate and interlace with the external, and internal longitudinal muscle layers of the bladder.
Muscle layers of the bladder are separated into three layers; an external and internal longitudinal and a middle circular layer. The latter two layers are nothing else but the muscules constructed by extending and intermingling of the bundles of the former muscle.
In other words, the whole muscular coat of the bladder is an entity composed of three muscle layers forming a consistent whole. Muscles of the posterior urethra are continuation of the internal and external longitudinal muscles of the bladder. At the neck of the bladder the middle circular muscle thickens itself presenting an appearance of the sphincter muscle.
The part, which has been hitherto called m. trigonalis, is not the independent muscle, but composed of the internal longitudinal muscle of the bladder. Therefore we should call it as “pars trigonalis vesicae”.
As the internal and external longitudinal muscle of the bladder descend toward the urethra, they, intermingling their fibers, enclose half-spirally the outer wall of the urethra and the fibers branch off one after another into the parenchyma of the prostatic gland.
Thus the mechanism of urination would be executed in the following order: there occurs a contraction of pars trigonalis which results in descent of the lower end of the bladder and opening of the inner urethral meatus. At the same time the detrusor muscles of the bladder are stimulated to contraction, which dispels the content of the bladder to the outside. Increasing of the intra-abdominal pressure accelerates urination.

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We saw four cases of huge solitary renal cyst which appeared different symptoms and shall report them.
1) 62 Years. _??_. After we diagnosed as bleeding of left Kidney and did intrapelvic infusion with jodnatrium solution, it caused nephropyelitis which is due to infection. The infection spreaded to one largest renal cyst of policystic kidney.
The interior fluid differs from another cyst and it is colloideal. We testified pathohistologically that it was caused by infection.
2) 72 Years. _??_. We found a huge solitary renal cyst at the moment of operation of bladder-cancer and left hydronephrosis and took out it by way of partial nephrectomy. We proved that their were urea and sugar and that their were no uriac acid, aceton and indican.
3) 27 Years. _??_. After partial nephrectomy for right double renal pelvis and double ureter, a cyst grew in it and we removed it. We proved that there were urea and that there were no sugar, indican and aceton. We can not find such a cases in reference.
4) 53 Years. _??_. We found a figure of a typical huge solitary renal cyst by pneumoretroperitoneum. At the moment of operation, we found the displacement of kidney by weight of cyst. We calculate the interior fluid of cyst by quantitative analysis and we got this result: total-nitrogen 59mg/dl, urea-nitrogen 46.1mg/dl, Cl 117mEq/l, Ca 1.8mEq/l, Na 119mEq/l, K 3.4mEq/l.
We analysed two cases of them qualitatively, calculated one case by gantitative analysis and calculated content of electrolyte of interior fluid of cyst. Three cases schow that the ingredient of interior fluid are akin to the ingredient of urine.

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