A strain of Proteus vulgaris isolated from the urinary tract of a patient with postoperative pyelonephritis and resistant to all of sulfonamide (SA), streptomycin (SM), tetracycline (TC) and kanamycin (KM) was found to transfer only its KM-resistance by cell to cell conjugation.
The genetic determinant controlling the transferable KM-resistance was considefed as a kind of R factor and designated R (KM), since successive transfer of this KM-resistance was also demonstrated from E. coli 2050 received KM-resistance to other substrains of E. coli K-12 or Salmonella typhimurium LT-2, with rather high frequency and in no relation to the sex factor.
The transfer of this R(KM) factor was strongly affected by the temperature of the mixing culture in which the conjugation occured. The transfer rate of KM-resistance at 25°C was about 105 times as high as that at 37°C.
Thus, a significant thermosensitivity of this R(KM) transfer was confirmed.

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A kind of R factor carrying only kanamycin (KM)-resistance marker and originated from a wild strain of Proteus vulgaris was spontaneously eliminated from the host bacterial cells when P. vulgaris (R:KM) was cultured at 420°C, although no elimination occured in the same bacterial cells grown at 25°C.
This thermosensitive elimination of the R(KM) factor was also observed when this R(KM) factor infected the cells of E. coli and Salmonella typhirnurium.
On the other hand, the oridinary drug-resistance factor could not be eliminated by the cultivation at higher temperatures, even in the same host bacterial cell.
From the obtained results, it was considered that this thermosensitive elimination of the R(KM) factor depends upon thermosensitive replication of this R factor.

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In the present study, the renal tumors of male rats of Wistar strain was induced by oral administration of Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and by local application of 20-methylcholanthrene (20-MC).
The results were as follow:
1) A frequency of renal tumors was observed in a group of DMN rats; seven (79.5%) of 11 rats received 500p.p.m. DMN, and one (16.7%) of 6 rats received 100p.p.m. DMN had renal tumors.
2) Cotton strings impregnated with 20-MC were placed in the left kidney of animals. Four (33.3%) of 12 transitional cell type tumors were produced. All animals showed no sarcoma.
3) The incidence of renal tumors was higher and far faster in the group which received 500p.p.m. DMN treatment, than in other groups.
4) Autoradiograhically, in the epithelial cells of kidney the number of Desoxyribonuclic acid (DNA) synthesizing cells is accelerated after treatment with higher concentration of DMN fed over shorter periods.
5) Histologically and autoradiographically, the tumors were of three types: One was a renal cell type tumor, and obviously of epithelial origin; the second was an anaplastic cell type and its histogenesis was interstitial cells. These tumors were induced by feeding rats with diet containing DMN. The third was transitional cell type tumor. This type of tumor developed by local application of 20-MC, which were originated from the mucous membrane of renal pelvis.
6) The results are discussed in relation to human renal tumor and its histogenesis.

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An experimental study was made on the effect of urinary diversion upon the bladder in 43 female adult mongrel dogs.
The results were as follows:
1) The atrophy of the bladder was seen 2 weeks after uretero-vaginostomy. Histological findings were the atrophy of the mucosal layer including concentration and degeneration of cells, the increase of collagenous fibers in the submucosal layer just below the mucosal layer and just above the muscular layer, the increase of metachromatic cells in the same area and the decrease of muscle fibers in the muscular layer. These findings were progressive day after day, and after 3 months, the increase of collagenous fibers and lattice fibers was noticed in the submucosal layer despite of the decrease of the elastic fibers. After 10 months, the disappearance of internal muscular layer, and the increase of the collagenous fibers and lattice fibers were seen.
2) By the observation of the bladder pouches, histological changes after 5 months were similar to those found 2 weeks after uretero-vaginostomy.
3) It is suspected that the mucosal layer maintains the secretory function because of subsistence of fluid in the pouches and PAS-positive substances in the mucosal layer.

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The experimental induction of bladder tumors was attempted in each group of 15 adult female mongrel dogs by the method of oral administration of betanaphthylamine and local application of 20-methylcholanthrene. The group of the local application of 20-methylcholanthrene was divided into 3 subgroups according to the difference of the method, a) a cotton thread prepared with 3% 20-methylcholanthrene in tween 80 oil solution for a day was sutured to the bladder walls of 5 dogs, b) a 100mg paraffin pellet containing 30% 20-methylcholanthrene was located in the submucosal layer of the bladder of the other 5 dogs, c) the same kind of a paraffin pellet weighing 1.0 to 2.5g was put in the bladder of the other 5 dogs.
The results were as follows:
1) In the group of oral administration of beta- naphthylamine, the benign and malignant tumors appeared in 10 bladders after 16 to 21 months.
2) The cystoscopic findings before development of the tumor were hyperemia, telangiectases, small brown spots suggestive of epithelial thickening, hyperplasia, and polyps.
3) The histological examination of the tumors and the interstitial connective tissues was done on each bladder.
4) In the group of local application of 20-methylcholanthrene, abnormal epithelial hyperplasia around the paraffin pellet was seen in only one bladder of the b) subgroup after 14 months.

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1) A histologic study of the kidney, especially the juxtaglomerular apparatus (J. G. A.), was made in 47 rabbits with unilateral stenosis of the renal artery and in 13 control rabbits. Relationship between the degree of constriction and the time relation of histologic changes was investigated.
2) Hypertension was produced in 64% of moderately, 38% of lightly, and 24% of highly constricted groups. Namely moderate constriction produced hypertension on thehighest percentage.
3) The injury of tissues increased in proportion to the degree of constriction. It first manifested itself in renal tubules and then glomeruli and interstitial tissues. Changes in the vascular system appeared later. No significant relationship was observed between the development of hypertension and the histologic changes except J. G. A.
4) J. G. A. itself suffered injury by high constriction and lost its function.
5) It was observed how J. G. A. respond following the constriction and concluded that J. G. A. respond in a manner expected of a secretory gland. In addition it was made clear that J. G. I. is able to be applied after one week.
6) The author devised an index of juxtaglomerular apparatus (I. J. G. A.) in order to evaluate hypertrophy and hyperplasia of J. G. cells and demonstrated its usefulness.

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Hexagonal pyramidel crystals often occur with a great many eosinocytes in prostatic secretions from so-called prostatic eosinophilia patients. Assuming these crystals to be Charcot-Leyden crystals, the authors examined 43 urological cases including prostatic eosinophilia for the Charcot-Leyden-forming capacity of esoinocytes from the viewpoint of the fact that peripheral eosinocytes possess the capacity of forming the crystals.
Method of observation.
Blood was collected from the cubital veins twice on the fasting stomach early in the morning and 2 hours after the meal in an attempt to investigate the eosinocyte count and blood picture. Plasma was removed from a part of the blood by centrifugation, and the leukocyte layer was obtained. The blood was centrifuged again by the use of a hematocrit and supernatants were separated. The specimen was sealed and left intact at room temperature for 10 days. The bufy coat was smeared and observed to determine the presence or absence of Characot-Leyden crystal formation.
Results
The typical case of prostatic eosinophilia possesses the capacity of forming Charcot-Leyden crystals in all instances. That capacity is very scanty in other eosinophilia patients. In the opinion of the authors, the crystals can be considered Charcot-Leyden crystals

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Previously the author and his coworker reported the presence of Charcot-Leyden crystals with hexagonal pyramidal shapes in peripheral eosinocytes from the typical form of so-called prostatic eosinophilia. Perhaps the crystals would be assumed to be Charcot-Leyden crystals. This time, cytochemical examination was made of Charcot-Leyden crystals-forming eosinocytes and the Charcot-Leyden crystals. The difference between normal and pathological eosinocytes were studied and thus evidence was obtained to show that the formed crystals could be identified as Charcot-Leyden crystals. This paper deals with the results thus obtained.
Cases and Method
The subjects were the same that were mentioned in a previous report. Thirty-nine male patients with urosis and 4 female patients with uross made up to subject.
Method
Blood was obtained twice on the fassing stomach early in the morning and 2 hours after the meal. The specimen was treated in the same manner as in the previous paper in an effort to count eosinocytes and examine blood pictures. The method f forming Charcot-Leyden crystals was quite the same as reported before, Cytochemical investigation consisted of the peroxidase reaction, the silver reaction, Millon's reaction, the azo reaction, and the chrome reaction. Charcot-Leyden crystals were observed by the peroxidase reaction, Millon's reaction, Giemsa staining, Sudan III staining and toluidine blue staining.
Results
Eosinocytes from so-called prostatic eosinophilia differ qualitatively from normal eosinocytes. Eosinophilic granules from this disease contain tyrosine and gave positive Millon's azo and chrome reactions. These eosinocytes produced Charcot-Leyden crystals, which were substrate proteins composed mainly of tyrosine having nothing to do with any enzyme.

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Three typical cases of prostatic eosinophilia receiving an adrenal cortical hormone (Dexamethasone) were subjected to the massage of the prostate before, during and following the administration of the hormone and during the cessation. This paper deals with the results of the study designed to investigate the peepheral eosinocyte counts, blood pictures the PE phenomenon, and the Charcot-Leyden crystal forming capacity. The results are summarised as follows:
1) When Decadrone (Dexamethasone) was given to patients who showed the PE-positive reaction, the eosinocyte count and blood picture became normal during and following the administration.
The PE phenomenon also disappeared but the Charcot-Leyden crystalforming capacity was positive.
2) Administration of Decadrone to PE-positive patients resulted in eosinophilia during the cessation of medication and following the administration. Blood was positive for the PE phenomenon and the Charcot-Leyden crystal-forming capacity.
3) Peripheral eosinocyts from PE-positive patients were positive for the Charcot-Leyden crystal-forming capacity, irrespective of Decadrone administration and prostatic massage.
4) Following Decaidrone administration, peripheral eosinocytes were positive for the Charcot-Leyden crystal-forming capacity, even though they became normal.
5) Decadrone administration reduced the complaints of PE-positive patients markedly, but the complaints reappeared themselves when the administration was ceased.
6) The etiology of so-called prostatic eosinophilia has not yet been identified, but it appears that besides infection by microorganisms and allergy due to focal infection, some abnormality in the reticuloendothelial system, including the marrow, should be taken into consideration.

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There has been a recent increase in the number of reported cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
Two cases of the disease, the first reported cases in Japan, which have mimiced tuberculosis pyonephrosis and/or hypernephroma, are reported.
Case 1. 50 yeras old. Housewife.
Patient was seen in our outpatient department on March 30, 1961.
History dates back to her age of eighteen when she was treated as tuberculous pleuroperitonitis. At the age of 45, she had an episode of a severe pain on the left lower back associated with nausea and vomiting.
No particular bladder-symptom was present, but hematuria was detected. Within 30 days following the above episode, she had attack of same nature on three different occasions. Possibility of urolithiasis was pointed out by a surgeon, and chromocystoscopy was performed with the result of delayed excretion of dye from the left ureter. No further examination was done, because of the spontaneous disappearance of the symptoms.
In January, 1961, she had the same spell associated with high fever. With a provisional diagnosis of acute pyelitis, immediate treatment was started. The high fever was somehow suppressed down to 37°C, but symptoms characterized by fullness and tenderness on the left lower back and lower abdomen remained unchanged for a considerable period. Hematological examination showed no abnormality, but a mild degree of anemia. Series of urinalysis presented occasional cloudiness from which many pus-cells and E. coli were detected. Chromocytoscopy clearly unveiled that the left ureteral orifice had no contraction and no dye was excreted from this side. Left kidney presented itself as a huge sensitive mass on palpation. A plain x-ray film revealed the kidney as a dim shadow. Intravenous pyelography showed complete absence of the left renal pelvis and mild hydronephrosis on the right side. The past. history of the tuberculosis pleuroperitonitis led to the tentative diagnosis of “Tuberculous obstructive pyonephrosis” and left nephrectomy was performed on April 14. On operation, the renal capsule was highly thickned and fibrolipomatous proliferation of the perirenal tissue was prominent. In some parts of thiss perirenal tissue, there were noticed markedly engorged veins. Surgical manipulation was difficult, because of the extensive adhesion between the peritoneum and the kidney. There was no gross abnormality on the ureter. The removed kidney measured 19×10.5×8cm and weighed 790gm containing 540gm of cream like pus. The cut-surface revealed a large renal pelvis with cavernous destruction of all calyces. Parenchyma itself fell into fibroid degeneration throughout and there was a belt of yellowish granulomatous tissue adjacent to the calyceal cavity wall.
The ureteropelvic junction was virtually obstructed. The culture of the pus was positive for E. coli, while it was negative for TB.
Histological findings: H. E. stainig reveled no trace of tuberculosis, but banal chronic inflammation. The wall of the cavity was infiltrated by numerous inflammatory cells together with so called “clear cells”.
While a part of the clear cell mass forming papillary proliferation, protrudes into the pelvis, the greater part proliferates infiltratively or groupwise into the parenchyma showing an extremely resembled picture to hypernephroma originated from the plevis and calyces.
By fat-stainig and silver-stainig method, these cells were identified as “form cells”. This was the case diagnosed as obstructive renal tuberculosis preoperatively, and was treated accordingly, with 17 gms of streptomycin. Postoperatively, the patient had radiation-therapy of Co-60, for brief period (6 times), because of possibility of “Hypernephroma”, but after confirming the diagnosis histologically, every thing went right without any specific treatment.
Case 2. 15 years old. Female.
Patient was seen in our outpatient department

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The diagnosis of two cases was confirmed by operations which were supposed to be the intrarenal aneurysma on account of the ringform calcification on X-ray examination.
Case 1. The patient, a 58 year old female, had the bilateral renal aneurysm associated with right renal stone. To this very rare case, the right side nephrectomy was carried out.
Case 2. The patient, a 27 year old male, was found to have the renal aneurysm in the right kidney. The aneurysmectomy was performed in good result, probably the first successful case in Japan.
Reno-scintigram was traced in these cases as a diagnostic method which has not been found in literatures. In the first case, there was seen round shadow defect on the renal scintigram coincident with the aneurysm.
Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment of this disorder are discussed with review of literatures.

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