It is well known that parathyroid hormone affects renal functions. Recently, several workers reported the effects of parathyroid hormone on mitochondrial functions of liver and kidney in vitro. However, the biochemical mechanism of the hormonal action has not been established yet.
This paper deals with the effects of parathyroid hormone on microsomal functions of rat kidney in vivo.
Glucose-6-Phospatase activity was increased by injection of parathyroid hormone in the kidney microsomes, but was not in the liver microsomes. This increase was proved to be a specific and direct action of parathyroid hormone to the kidney microsomes by ineffectiveness of polypeptide and by independency of adrenocortical function. The increase was due to both the increase of the enzyme protein and functional change of the microsomal membrane, and it was dependent on protein and RNA synthesis.

抄録全体を表示

Ultrastractural studies of the testes of the adult rats and men after vasectomy were performed. The rats were killed at intervals ranging from 2 weeks to 3 months after vasectomy, and small pieces of their testes dissected from each animal were fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide or 3% potassium permanganate buffered with veronal acetate to pH7.4. The biopsied materials of testes from 29 to 36-year-old men who had been vasectomized for sterility 3 to 7 years ago, were also examined in the present experiment.
The results were summarized as follows:
1) Cells bearing a close resembrance to smooth muscle cells, and fibrocytes were observed in the boundary tissue of seminiferous tubules in both the normal rats and men. In the rats there existed one layer of the smooth muscle-like cells and in the men 4 layers of them in their boundary tissue of seminiferous tubules, where no significant structural changes were detected after vasectomy.
2) No histological differences were recognized in the process of spermatogenesis among the rats with and without vasectomy, while the spermatids of vasectomized men showed degenerative features, to some extent. They were mainly manifested by discontinuity of the nuclear membrane, widening of the subacrosomal space, appearance of many small vacuoles in the post nuclear region and abnomal formation of the acrosome.
3) There were no structural alterations in the interstitial cells of the vasectomized men and rats.
4) Many vacuoles of unidentifiable nature were found in the Sertoli cells.
In rats and men, the effects of vasectomy on the process of spermatogenesis were discussed on the basis of the ultrafine structure.

抄録全体を表示

Inhibitory activity of saline extract of rabbit kidney on angiotensin II (AT II) was studied. The renal extract was prepared as follows; A kidney was removed from a normal rabbit and was separated into two portions, medulla and cortex. Each was homogenized in cold saline, centrifuged at high speed and the supernatant was diluted to the volume of thirty times of the original tissue weight with saline. Four milliliters of the extract was added with 1ml. of AT II solution containing 1μg of valine angiotensin II (Hypertensin, Ciba) and incubated for 60min. at 37°C. After incubation the mixture was injected intravenously into another rabbit whose blood pressure was kymographically recorded.
Inactivation of angiotensin II by the boiled and dialyzed extract was further investigated. The effect of EDTA addition during the inactivation process was also studied. The Sephadex Gel filtration technique was applied to the renal extract before and after the incubation with AT II to find the active substances in fractions or to recover remaining angiotensin in that mixture.
The results of the above experiments were as follows:
1) By injection of 1μg of AT II, blood pressure of normal rabbit was temporarily elevated 24.6±4.35mmHg above the basal blood pressure, and its pressor activity was not affected by incubation at 37°C for 1 hour.
2) The pressor activity of AT II was markedly inhibited by incubation with renal medullary extract. Cortical extract showed the same inhibitory activity but occasionally its results became not clear due to the presence of renin-like substance in the extract.
3) AT II inhibitory activity of medullary or cortical extract was lost completely by boiling.
4) AT II inhibiting substance in the renal extract was undialysable and stable at pH5.8-7.4 for at least 24 hours. The inhibitory activity was not affected by addition of EDTA during incubation which means that the extract inactivated AT II independently to the calcium ion.
5) AT II inhibiting substance was eluted in the external volume fraction when applied to Sephadex G-50 and G-100, and slightly before the hemoglobin fraction in the internal volume fractions from Sephadex G-200.
Therefore the molecular weight of the substance was presumed to be between 60, 000-100, 000.
6) After an incubation of AT II with renal extract the pressor activity of recovered AT II fraction by Gel filtration was markedly decreased.
7) AT II inhibiting substance in renal extract seems to be a sort of angiotensinase (ATase) originated not from serum or erythrocyte but from renal tissue.
8) When the medullary extract was separated by Gel filtration using G-50 into two portions, larger molecular portion (A fraction) containing ATase, and smaller molecular portion (B fraction), the longacting antipressor action which Kawazoe previously reported was recognized in the latter portion, proving ATase to be different from the renal antipressor substance.
9) The former portion containing ATase exhibited a slight long acting depressor action.
10) In the kidney of a normal rabbit, exists short-acting depressor substance, long-acting antipressor substance and angiotensinase.
Some possible role on the hypertension of these renal depressor substances, especially of angiotensinase was discussed.

抄録全体を表示

Controversy continued as to whether ligation of the internal iliac arteries can result in ischaemic necrosis of the lower ureter. In order to elucidate this point of dispute,
1) The superior vesical arteries of the rabbit were ligated and its ureter was histologically studied from next day through the 350th day after the operation. As a result, no particular abnormalities were demonstrated in the ureteral wall in general except for slight vacuolization of the ureteral epithelial cells and thinning of the muscular layer, and ischaemic necrosis was found in none of the cases.
2) Twenty-eight cases of recurrence of papillary bladder tumor and three cases of re-operation after prostatectomy were subjected to ligation of the bilateral internal iliac arteries. The IVP, cystogram and indigocarmin test performed on these cases proved improvement of the pre-operation conditions in most of them. Part of this success may be attributed to the excision of the papillary bladder tumor concurrently conducted. In none of the cases developed urinary fistula.
From the facts cited above, it was speculated that, if the vessel network surrounding the lower ureter is not injured, supplementary circulation comes to be established and ischaemic necrosis does not take place.

抄録全体を表示

A case of a 34-years old woman with retroperitoneal schwannoma was presented in detail. The statistical observation of retroperitoneal schwannoma in Japan was made, and this report is the 36th of the reports on retroperitoneal schwannoma.
Exploratory operation was performed Sep. 30. 1967 revealing that the tumor was in the left retroperitoneal space in close association with the kidney. The removed tumor proved to be yellow, smooth, elastic hard, weighted approximately 190g and had on oval shape of 12×6×4.5×cm.
Microscopical examination of the tumor revealed a typical benign schwannoma. The postoprative course was satisfactory.

抄録全体を表示

A study was performed on the influence of various exogenous hormone-administration on the incidence of nuclear sex chromatin bodies in 78 females and 7 individnals with abnormal sex chromosome constitution.
The staining method of Guard was employed. Two smear specimens were taken from each subject each time the study was made, and 200 cells were counted for each subject and the percentage incidence of sex chromatin was calculated.
The results showed that, the incidence of sex chromatin could not be changed by sex hormone administration, in the female group, and in an abnormal sex chromosome constitution. The significant decrease of sex chromatin incidence has been found in both groups following treatment with adrenal cortical drug (Dexamethasone).
A reduction in the incidence of the sex chromatin body which showed no correlation with the duration of therapy was noted in all the patients. Absence of correlation between sex chromatin incidence and menstrual cycle in 20 females, was noted.

抄録全体を表示

Changes of the activities of succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase in lymph nodes were estimated histochemically in humans and rabbits.
1) The histochemical activities of those dehydrogenases were changed on the administration of radioisotopes before the histological changes by H. E. staining were not observed.
2) The staining intensities of those enzymes increased with lower radioactivity, while they decreased with higher one.
3) In rabbits, it was noted that the activities of those enzymes decreased markedly with a large dosis of the radioisotope.
Those results suggest that intralymphatic administration of radioisotopes might be useful in the treatment of malignancy and the prevention of tumor cell dissemination in lymphography. Further study would be necessary before we confirm the clinical effectiveness of this method.

抄録全体を表示

I. Basic Study.
Experiments were performed for the following purposes: (1) to determine the distribution of RI-Neohydrin (²⁰³Hg and ¹⁹⁷Hg-Neohydrin) in the body, (2) to investigate the radiation effects of RI-Neohydrin on the kidneys and (3) to evaluate the tracing ability of the Renoscintigram by means of phantom experiment.
(1) The rabbits were divided into 10 groups and 30μCi of ²⁰³Hg-Neohydrin were administered intravenously to each of the rabbits. Then the rabbits were sacrificed in 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 7 days, 21 days and 30 days. The animals were autopsied immediately after sacrifice. The various organs were counted for radiation (count/min./mg).
Autoradiography was done to illustrate the distribution of Neohydrin in the kidney.
(2) The rabbits were divided into six groups by the doses administered (²⁰³Hg-Neohydrin 1, 3 and 10μCi/kg, ¹⁹⁷Hg-Neohydrin 3, 10 and 50μCi/kg) and the results were compared with that of the control group with 1.95mg of plain Neohydrin. The animals were sacrificed in 2nd, 5th, 1 week, 3 weeks, 7 weeks and 21 weeks following the administration and the kidneys were removed immediately for the studies.
(3) The scintiscanning procedures were performed using kidney phantoms containing 50μCi of ²⁰³Hg-Neohydrin each and with the cavities of 1cm, 2cm, 3cm and 4cm in diameter. The scintiscanner (Aloka JSS-103 B) was equiped with a cut off system as a background eraser. The scanning was performed with cut off level at 40-80%.
The results were as follows;
(1) RI-Neohydrin was most heavily concentrated in the cortex of the kidney, and especially in the primary tubular cells. The highest count rate was obtained about 30-60 minutes after injection. The count was still present in the cortex even in 30 days after injection.
(2) Temporary tissue reaction due to the radiation by ²⁰³Hg or ¹⁹⁷Hg-Neohydrin was noticed in the five groups. Their characteristic histological findings consisted of swelling of the primary tubular cells, hyaline droplets degeneration and swelling of the glomeruli and its adhesion to the Bowman's capsules. These changes were most remarkable in 1 week after administration. Recovery was noted in 3 weeks in ²⁰³Hg-Neohydrin groups. The changes in the ¹⁹⁷Hg-Neohydrin groups were less and recovery was quicker.
(3) The cavities less than 2cm in diameter were not demonstrated in the scintigram as a filling defect. The scintigram was well controled by the cut off level.
II. Clinical Study
Two hundred clinical materials in the Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, from July 1965 to September 1967 were reviewed. Of these cases the excretory urographies and renal scannings were performed simultaneously. In addition retrograde pyelography, renal angiography and renography etc. were done as needed. For the scintiscanning of the kidneys 100-150μCi of ²⁰³Hg-Neohydrin was injected intravenously for adults except for 7 cases which received ¹⁹⁷Hg-Neohydrin. The patients were kept in prone position for an hour after the administration and were scanned with cut off level at 30-50%.
The observation was made on every case and 14 cases were reported in details comparing Renoscintigram with excretory urography and other examinations. The relation between uptake of RI-Neohydrin by renal tissue (renal tubular cells) and renal function was studied histologically.
The results were as follows;
(1) ²⁰³Hg-Neohydrin and ¹⁹⁷Hg-Neohydrin were employed with good scanning results. ¹⁹⁷Hg-Neohydrin was shown to cause less radiation effect, than ²⁰³Hg-Neohydrin, but clinically ²⁰³Hg-Neohydrin was easier to use in Japan currently.
(2) Uptake of RI-Neohydrin by renal tissue (renal tubular cells) was known to be parallel to r

抄録全体を表示