Japanese Journal of Visual Science
Online ISSN : 2188-0522
Print ISSN : 0916-8273
ISSN-L : 0916-8273
Volume 41, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
Review Articles
  • Fumiki Okamoto
    Article type: REVIEW ARTICLES
    2020 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 51-55
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2020
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    Many retinal diseases exist, but their visual outcomes have been evaluated only by using visual acuity and optical coherence tomography findings. Comprehensive evaluation of visual functions, based on metamorphopsia, aniseikonia, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis, shows that each disease has its own characteristics. As a result, the findings of a comprehensive evaluation can be used to explain a treatment to patients. Clinicians should be aware that, despite advances in vitreous surgery and antivascular endothelial growth treatment, visual function other than visual acuity is not at a healthy level, even with the treatment of retinal diseases.

  • Keizo Shinomori
    Article type: REVIEW ARTICLES
    2020 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 56-65
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML

    In this article, I describe the influences of age-related changes to the visual system on color vision in elderly individuals. The relationship between color recognition and color appearance is also discussed. The optical density of the ocular media, especially the crystalline lens density, increases because of aging. Light intensity at the retina in elderly individuals decreases by approximately one logarithmic unit in the short wavelength region compared to the middle wavelength region. This spectral change causes some errors in a color vision test using a digital display. However, a test that uses an anomaloscope is not influenced. In addition, the sensitivity of cone cells is reduced primarily by anatomical changes in the cones. These age-related changes are expected to cause relatively large changes in color appearance. However, the amplification of the S-cone signal to maintain the balance of cone signals in all types of cones and the color constancy effect contribute to the stability of color appearance in elderly individuals. In cyanopsia, which may occur when beginning to use a clear-type intraocular lens, long-term chromatic adaptation will also influence color appearance. However, color appearance and color recognition do not necessarily correspond to each other, based on the results of an experiment in deuteranopic observers using the method of bidirectional relationships between semantic words and hues. In elderly observers, color appearance and color recognition do not necessarily correspond, which is expected. Therefore, to understand color appearance by color names alone may be difficult.

  • Rumi Hisakata
    Article type: REVIEW ARTICLES
    2020 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 66-69
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2020
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    Motion perception is a function that captures temporal modulation/change in spatial structure and is an indispensable visual function for detecting the movement of objects. In this paper, I will give an overview of the basic discussions related to visual motion, which are necessary for understanding the latest research on it. The first section introduces the basic knowledge and a typical computational model for local motion detection, and the second section introduces the motion integration process and various perceptual phenomena related to it.

  • Haruki Mizushina
    Article type: REVIEW ARTICLES
    2020 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 70-73
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML

    In this review, the trends in recent depth perception research are outlined. In particular, I focused on the topics related to a large-scale survey on individual differences in stereoscopic vision, the development of a new stereoscopic ability test method that eliminates response bias and accurately measures the stereoscopic threshold, recent trends in depth perception from motion parallax, the facilitation effect of binocular stereopsis by motion parallax and stimulus movement, and the measurement of visual functions on novel three-dimensional display technology. I primarily introduce the findings gained from the development of new technologies and research methods.

  • Kei Kanari
    Article type: REVIEW ARTICLES
    2020 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 74-79
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML

    The pupil modulates the amount of light that reaches the retina. In addition, pupil size is influenced by various cognitive processes (e.g., perception, attention, memory, and decision-making). Recent studies have shown that pupil size is modulated by luminance at the eye position and at the attended location. This review introduces studies on endogenous and exogenous attention and pupil and on attentional shifts associated with eye movement and the pupil. Further studies on the tools for diagnosing the degree of autism spectrum disorders and human interface, based on these findings, are then discussed.

Original Articles
  • Aya Saito, Kazutaka Kamiya, Fusako Fujimura, Rie Hoshikawa, Masahide T ...
    Article type: ORIGINAL ARTICLES
    2020 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 80-85
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML

    PURPOSE: To compare the keratoconus and normal eyes for reproducibility using CASIA2.

    METHODS: Corneal measurements of 20 keratoconus eyes (K group) were obtained using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA2, Tomey, Japan) and compared with 20 normal eyes (N group) for reproducibility. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman plot, and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to evaluate the reproducibility of both groups.

    RESULTS: Both groups showed high agreements in anterior and posterior keratometry (ICC > 0.9). However, the reproducibility (CV) in the N group (CV < 0.7) was higher than that in the K group (CV < 2.0). Moreover, the same result was obtained in central corneal thikness (CCT), and anterior chamber depth (ACD), but the CV in the K group was larger than that in the N group for all parameters.

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