人口学研究

循環モデルのフレームワークに基づき,家族形成期の日本女性を調査した『消費生活に関するパネル調査2』を用いて,1)結婚意欲と結婚行動の関係の検証,2)働く重要度と結婚行動の関係の検証を行った。1)では結婚意欲が個人属性と母親属性によって決定され,学歴や大都市居住,賃金率の上昇によって高められるが,未婚状態を継続することにより適応効果が働き,「必ずしも結婚しなくてよい」「結婚したくない」と意欲を下げて行くことが明らかとなった。また結婚意欲が実際の結婚行動に与える選択効果も支持され,結婚行動に直接影響する変数と,意欲を介して影響する変数の存在が確認された。2)では働く重要度の違いが結婚行動へ与える影響は見られず,選択効果は棄却された。また就業変化などの直接的な経験による適応効果は見られるが,結婚や出産などによる影響は見られない。これらの分析結果からは,家族形成と就業はどちらかを選択することで他方の重要度を下げるような関係ではないと言えるが,ここで用いた変数が就業と家族形成の狭間における女性の心の揺らぎを十分に把握できていないという可能性は否めない。

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This study aims to discover the patterns of Korean women's experience of family and economic activities and to articulate the way in which women themselves interpret their life. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches are employed to understand the Korean women's life experiences. The analysis of the sequences of Korean women's family and economic activities over their life course reveals five distinctive patterns of for ever married Korean women; working women with no job interruption (13.7%), women who reentered the labor market after maternal leave (M type, 18.6%), women who resigned and have not yet reentered labor market (latent M type, 26.9%), women with first job entry only after child rearing (23.5%), and finally, women with no work experience over their life time (17.3%). The relative composition of the respective life course shows a significant change over marriage cohorts. M type including latent M type became a dominant life pattern among marital cohorts of the 1980s and later. It is also noted that the share of women with no job interruptions has increased among the marital cohorts of 1990 and later. This study also examines how Korean women interpret their experience of family and economic activities, based on in-depth interviews with Korean women during the period of 2002 and 2003. These women's narratives illuminate the fact that family centeredness constitutes the central part of their identity. What deserves emphasis is that family centeredness of Korean young married women is the orientation actively obtained in the pursuit of their and their family social achievement. A critical concern is raised regarding the contradictory consequence of family centrality on women's autonomy and gender equality.

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