Nutritive values of yeast grown on acetic acid and of to some extent nucleic acid extracted yeasts grown on acetic acid or molasses were studied using colostomized chickens.
1. Apparent and true digestibilities of crude protein of yeast grown on acetic acid were the highest among them, being 86 and 90per cent respectively and those were about 9per cent higher than rest of them.
2. Biological values and net protein utilization values of three kinds of yeasts varied from 77 to 82 and 66 to 69per cent respectively and there was no statistical significance among them.
3. Metabolizable energy values (kcal/g) of yeast grown on acetic acid and yeasts grown on acetic acid or molasses but to some extent nucleic acid extracted were 3.84, 3.55 and 3.08, respectively.
4. It was showed that the extraction of nucleic acid from the yeast had a trend of decreasing protein digestibility and metabolizable energy value of the yeast itself.

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Kanamycin was fed to laying hens for 7 days at the dietary levels of 20, 1, 000, 4, 000, 8, 000 and 16, 000μg potency/g diet, respectively, and kanamycin content in the eggs laid on the 7 th day was analyzed microbiologically using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. To the 40 hens fed 16, 000μg kanamycin/g for 7 days, kanamycin-free diet was fed for another 7 days and all of the eggs laid by 5 hens out of 40 during 14 days of experimental period were analyzed for kanamycin content. On 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after the withdrawal of dietary kanamycin, 5 hens each were sacrificed to get samples of the liver and bile for kanamycin analysis.
No kanamycin was detected in the egg white tested. No kanamycin was detected in the egg yolk laid by the hens fed 20 and 1, 000μg kanamycin/g diet, respectively.
During feeding the diet containing kanamycin, content of kanamycin in the egg yolk increased in proportion to the dietary kanamycin level over 1, 000μg/g and in proportion to the length of kanamycin feeding.
After the withdrawal of dietary kanamycin, contents of kanamycin in the egg yolk, liver and bile increased or remained almost constant for 2 days, then decreased exponentially. The disappearance pattern of residual kanamycin in the body of laying hens was different from those of the antibiotics tested previously. Application of 3-compartment model to explain the pattern was discussed.

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Three native breeds of fowl, such as Koeyoshi-dori, Hinai-dori and Kinpa-dori, were established and have been maintained in the northern parts of the Tohoku district. Japanese Game and Japanese Game Bantam, which are more common in Japan, are also fed in the same area, and it is considered that Japanese Game might have concerned itself more or less with the establishment of the other four breeds.
The authers had already published a study on serum alkaline phosphatase isozymes (IWASAKI et al. 1974). This time they made some experiments in order to compare phenotypic distribution of serum esterase isozymes among the five breeds above mentioned. The authors applied the horizontal starch gel electrophoresis to analyse the isozymes, introducing almost the same method as LAW and MUNRO (1965), with constant gradient of 280 volts per the gel (inner size 18.0×18.0×0.6cm) at 5°C for three hours.
The results were as follows:
1. Three bands, C, A and B, in order of their mobility, from the fastest to the slowest (GRUNDER 1968, 1971), were detected in Es-1 region, and six types, C, A, B, CA, CB and AB, were observed. B-type presented itself more frequently in four breeds, including the three particular breeds together with Japanese Game, than in Japanese Game Bantam. And all of Kinpa-dori belonged to B. The three natives lacked band C at all, while it appeared in Japanese Game and Japanese Game Bantam.
2. The estimated frequencies of Es-1^B genes were, Kinpa-dori: 1.000, Hinai-dori: 0.965, Koeyoshi-dori: 0.917, Japanese Game: 0.828 and Japanese Game Bantam: 0.409. As for Es-1^C genes, they were 0.034 in Japanese Game, and 0.386 in Japanese Game Bantam.
3. Chi-square tests were performed, and the significant difference was found among five breeds (P<0.005), but no difference was found among the four breeds except Japanese Game Bantam (0.25<P<0.50).
4. Analogous trends of gene frequencies shown by both the group of three native fowls and Japanese game seemed to prove that the latter might have contributed to the establishment of the former.

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The effect of glucagon (0.2mg/kg BW) i.v., on plasma glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), α-amino nitrogen, non protein nitrogen (NPN) and total protein concentrations and hematocrit (Hct) values was investigated in fed and 4, 24 and 48hr fasted adult female white Leghorn chickens. Parameters described above were measured on nine successive blood samples collected at appropriately spaced time intervals over a 10hr period after the injection.
During a 48hr fast, plasms FFA concentration rose rapidly for the first 4hr of the fast and reached a significantly higher peak at 24hr before declining slightly up to 48hr, while α-amino nitrogen and NPN levels fell significantly at 4 and 24hr and returned to the initial levels at 48hr. Whereas plasma total protein concentrations fell after 24hr, Hct values were elevated at 48hr, but there was no change in plasma glucose concentration.
Glucagon injection significantly elevated both plasma glucose and FFA concentrations and significantly depressed both plasma α-amino nitrogen and NPN concentrations, indicating that this hormone stimulates lipolysis and enhances utilization of these nitrogen fractions by body tissues during the experimental period. However, the glucagon produced maximum concentrations and their persistencies in plasma glucose and FFA were differently modified by the lengths of fasting. Saline injection in control groups also caused a significant depression in plasma α-amino nitrogen concentration and decreased slightly the plasma NPN concentrations of chickens fed and fasted for 48hr. Glucagon caused a highly significant dramatic drop in plasma total protein level in 10min following the injection, suggesting that the hormone might rapidly spare the circulating plasma protein directly into probable tissue depot pools, or trigger an immediate metabolic breakdown of the protein. Hct values of successive blood samples were gradually lowered possibly due to hemodilution caused by extravascular fluid after repeated withdrawal of blood.

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The genetic differences in the recipient competence affecting the degree of splenomegaly in the graft-versus-host reaction of chickens were studied. In the comparison between strains the H strain, which had been selected for the donor competence of splenomegaly, showed higher responses than the L strain which had been selected against the donor competence. The comparison between the blood group B locus genotypes also gave the parallel results with the case of the donor competence. The degrees of splenomegaly in three B genotypes of embryos were B⁹/B⁹<B⁹/B¹¹<B¹¹/B¹¹. Both the differences between strains and between the B locus genotypes were significant at 1% level.

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Four-week-old White Leghorn pullets were fed diets containing 0, 10, 15 and 20% dried poultry waste (DPW) for 34 weeks. Growth rate, mortality and egg production for the birds fed the basal diet and the diets containing various levels of DPW were similar. Feed conversion ratios based on the basal diet (basal diet consumption/egg mass) of the birds fed the diet containing 10-20% DPW were 7-15% lower than that of the birds fed the basal control diet.

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