Japanese poultry science
Print ISSN : 0029-0254
Volume 24, Issue 6
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Masaoki TSUDZUKI, Noboru WAKASUGI
    1987 Volume 24 Issue 6 Pages 327-335
    Published: November 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The plumage color mutant "pansy" was described in this paper. The pansy chick showed light yellow down with 3 narrow black stripes on the back. The adult mutant plumage was basically composed of 3 colors : rust, black and white. Black color was predominant in the head. The male had brown or heavy rust face, while the female showed wheat-straw colored face with black stipes. In the back feather, arrangement of color bands from the base to the tip was as follows : the gray base, mixture area of rust and black, large area of black, rust area and white tip. Its rachis color was white at the base and becomes dark toward the tip. Such pigmentation was obviously different from that of the redhead, although both mutants are similar to each other in external appearance. The breast was whitish rust in the male, in contrast, many small black speckles were present in the female. The belly was white. As for wing feathers, primaries and primary-coverts were predominantly black and the others were mostly diluted rust. The eyes were normal and the beak was blackish, while the legs and nails were pinkish white.
    Genetic analyses clarified that the "pansy" plumage was controlled by an autosomal recessive gene. The gene symbol ps has been proposed.
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  • Katsuji SHIRASAKI, Shinobu KASHIWAGI
    1987 Volume 24 Issue 6 Pages 336-347
    Published: November 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Michihiro SUGAHARA, Takatsugu HATTORI, Taiji NAKAJIMA
    1987 Volume 24 Issue 6 Pages 348-353
    Published: November 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Five experiments were conducted to establish a detection method for gizzerosine contained in fish meal by assay using commercial male broiler chicks.
    1) Gizzard Erosion (GE) of day-old chicks before feeding was considerably high. It did not depend on the body weight of the chicks. It was also observed that GE score of the chicks rapidly decreased for three days after feeding.
    2) Day-old chicks or two-day-old chicks, which were fed commercial diet during one day, were fed the experimental diet containing 7.5, 15, 30 or 60% fish meal that caused severe GE to five-day-old. In these experiments, it was difficult to detect the GE positive fish meal by measuring GE scores.
    3) Four-day-old chicks, which were fed commercial diet during three days, were fed the same experimental diet. It showed a trend that the GE score were increased by higher fish meal rations from two days to five days. This result seemed to be due to the disappearance of GE in day-old chicks by feeding commercial diet for three days.
    4) If the assay using four-day-old chicks was carried out, the fish meal which caused severe GE could be detected by two days feeding. It is suggested, if the term of the assay is extended to seven days, that fish meal of a lower GE positiveness may be detected.
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  • Masami YONEKURA, Seiji SUZUKI, Tetsuro NAKAYA
    1987 Volume 24 Issue 6 Pages 354-362
    Published: November 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Experiments were conducted to investigate whether ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation to a diet alleviated the toxic effects of dietary histamine on chicks. White Leghorn male chicks were fed the diet supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3% histamine (from histamine dihydrochloride) without or with AA at a 1.5% level from day-old to 2 or 3 weeks of age.
    1) The addition of histamine to a diet resulted in depressed growth rate and reduced feed consumption and such detrimental effects were intensified as the histamine level increased from 0.1 to 0.3%. When chicks were fed the histamine supplementing diet at a 0.2 or 0.3% level, the marked effects were observed. However, the supplementation of AA significantly reduced the severity of such adverse effects induced by high dietary histamine.
    2) When chicks were fed a diet supplemented with histamine at 0.2 and 0.3% levels, the proventriculus and gizzard weights of those significantly increased and gizzard lesions and proventricular abnormalities were also observed. However, such toxic effects on the proventriculus or gizzard due to dietary histamine were alleviated by AA supplementation almost completely.
    3) Plasma, liver and kidney AA levels significantly increased by 1.5% AA supplementation, but were not appreciably affected by histamine supplementation. On the other hand, neither blood nor liver histamine level was consistently influenced by histamine or AA supplementation.4) These findings show that the toxic effects of histamine on growing chicks can be alleviated by supplemental AA.
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  • Yuji YOSHIKO, Seiji KUSUHARA, Kazuo ISHIDA
    1987 Volume 24 Issue 6 Pages 363-368
    Published: November 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Experimental hens producing soft-shelled eggs were established, in which secretion of egg-shell calcium was suppressed by ligation of the uterus of the oviduct with a loop of a string. X-ray and histological observations were made of the distribution and stucture of medullary bones of these experimental hens.
    Medullary bones were distributed all over the medullary space and showed increased width and curved lamellar structure. Matrix of medullary bones was poor in acid mucopolysac-charide, rich in collagen fibers, and bone salts were also abundant. Each of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes was small in number, and the proportion of atrophic cells was large. The alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts, the acid phosphatase activity of osteoclasts and osteocytes and the succinate dehydrogenase activity of each of these cells were weak, and cellular functions of these cells were also decreased.
    The results suggested that calcium metabolism of medullary bones is decreased in hens of which calcium-secreting function at the uterus of the oviduct is experimentally suppressed.
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  • Reexamination of the Standard Ragretion Line in Summer
    Masako KAWAI, Yoshitake YAMADA, Susumu SAKURAI, Yoshio NAKASHIMA
    1987 Volume 24 Issue 6 Pages 369-371
    Published: November 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Masaharu YASUTOMI, Noboru ADACHI
    1987 Volume 24 Issue 6 Pages 372-373
    Published: November 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Takashi SAKAIDA, Kurio ENYA, Toshiji TANAKA
    1987 Volume 24 Issue 6 Pages 374-377
    Published: November 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The experiments were conducted with breeder to determine the effects of the wood vinegar compound (NEKKARICH®, Miyazaki Midori Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) on hatchability. The compound, prepared by adhering wood vinegar to amorphous carbon (1:4), was added to the diet at levels of 0%, 1.0% or 1.5%. In experiment 1, hatchability of total eggs set for broiler breeder for trial period of 15 months or 5 months were compared with that for pre-trial period of 5 months in each farm. Experiment 2 was carried out for 10 weeks after 46 weeks of age to determine the effects of feeding wood vinegar compound. In experiment 3, hatchability for egg type breeder for trial period of 5 weeks after 39 weeks of age were compared with that for pretrial period of 5 weeks
    In experiment 1, hatchability of total eggs set was significantly (P<.005) higher in the trial period, than in the pretrial period. In experiment 2, hatchability of total eggs set was significantly (P<.005) higher in the trial group than in the control group. In experinent 3, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs and hatchability of total eggs set of the trial period were improved significanty (P<.05) in comparison with those of the pretrial period.
    Thus it is assumed that the wood vinegar compound serves for the improvement of hatchability in breeder.
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  • 1987 Volume 24 Issue 6 Pages 378-391
    Published: November 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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