Becoltiamine-naphthalene disulfonate, a coccidiostat, was fed to one-day-old White Leghorn male chickens for 8 weeks in doses of 125ppm, 500ppm, and 1000ppm in the diet. As controls, non-medicated diet or diets containing thiamine -NDS at 125ppm and 1000ppm were fed to the chickens.
Quantities equivalent to about 0.4ppm and 0.04ppm and beclotiamine-HCl were detected in liver and muscle, respectively, of the birds fed at the dose of 125ppm in the diet. When the dose of beclotiamine was increased to four to eight times greater, no accumulation of the coccidiosatat occurred in the tissues throughout the entire 56 days of the medication. Beclotiamine rapidly disappeared from the tissues once the compound was withdrawn from the diet. Neither growth depression nor decrease in thiamine levels in the liver occurred by administration of beclotiamine.
Weights of liver, heart, brain, spleen, adrenal gland, kidney, and testis were not influenced by administration of beclotiamine or thiamine.
Serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities and serum protein, cholesterol, and serum glucose were all within the normal range. No histophathological changes were observed in the liver.

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Identification of meats of closely related species is an important problem for determination of the addition of undeclared meat in a ground meat mixture or processed meat mixture or processed meat product. Many attemqts have been made for mammalian meats but not for poultry meats.
This paper describes a method which distinguishes immunologically between chicken's, turkey's duck's and quail's meat by using agar gel precipitation method.
The antisera were made from rabbits and chickens immunized with the water extracts of the above poultry meats as follows: 1st day, 1ml of a meat extract with Freund complete adjuvant into the pale and muscle of each animal; 3rd week, 0.2ml of the extract only as a booster injection. The sufficient antibody titers were usually obtained 4 weeks later after the first injection in rabbits and 6 week in chickens.
The unabsorbed antisera made from rabbits were cross-reacted to poultry meats but not reacted to mammalian meats. However, these cross-reactions could be removed by absorption with small amounts of the meat extracts of the cross-reacting species, and the absorbed antisera were made specific for the homologous species.
The antisera made from chicken were usually specific for homologous species even before absorption, but the antibody titers were not so high as those of the rabbit antisera.
Original Ouchterlony's method was improved by decreasing the distances among an antibody well and antigen wells on agar gel plate. By this method, a specific antiserumm could detect about 0.5mg/ml of protein in a saline extract of meat.

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The experiment reported here were designed to investigate the changes in number of the parasite in the caecal tissue of immune chicken with Eimeria tenella as the infection progressed in time and to determine the immunizing effect on resistance to infection after injection of parasites extract (schizont antigen). Male commercial White Leghorn chickens fed a ration containing no antibiotics or coccidiostats were used. The results are summarized as follows.
I. There were fewer parasites in the caecal tissue of the immune chicken than in the non-immune chicken. However, the difference in number of the parasite between the two groups was negligible up to 24 hours after challenge infection but the development of parasites in the immune chicken markedly decreased after 72 or 96 hours of the infection as compared to the non-immune chicken.
II. The sera from the immune chickens subjected to the injection of schizont antigen showed appreciable agglutination or lytic effect on merozoites, whereas these chickens were apparently more susceptible to challenge infection than the immune chickens after the oral infection with oocysts, determined by the number of discharged oocysts. Accordingly, these results suggested that the circulating antibody was not essential for the immunity to coccidia.

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Since August in 1966, many blind chicks have been observed collectly in several areas of Kansai District in Japan. This study was conducted to establish the causal factor to chick blindness through five feeding experiments.
Principal results obtained were as follows;
1) Chick blindnss could be occured experimentally by the feeding with chick ration which was given to blind chicks in field condition. This result suggested that the cause of blindness should be exist in the ration given to chicks.
2) Chich blindness occured experimentally by the supplement of fish meal which was mixed to the ration caused to the chick blindness in field condition. This fish meal contained the many white particles involved high level of nitrogen.
3) As we could get a high nitrogen substance (M) that was considered to be mixed by a fish meal maker in order to elevate the nitrogen content of fish meal, the effects of M supplement to the chick ration were examined. Above 1.5% of M supplement to the ration resulted the occurance of blindness. Percent of chicks in blindness was provoked as to increase the level of M supplement, and all chicks were blind when 10% of M added to the ration.
4) By the difference of specific gravity, M substance was divided into five portions (A, B, C, D, E). According to the microscopic observation, A, C and E consisted of relatively pure and homozygous substance respectively while B and D contained several different substances. Supplements of A, C and E to chick ration resulted experimentally that only C provokd the occurance of blindness. From the results of studies of infrared spectrum and column spectrography, it was suggested that major constituent of C portion might be ammeline.
5) The experimental results of supplements of ammeline and other several cyanide compounds to chick ration showed that only ammeline provoked the occurance of blindness. The clinical symptoms and gross finding of retina of blind chicks suffered by ammeline supplement were almost same with those of the ones observed in field condition.
6) From the above results, it was concluded that chick blindness occured in Kansal District since 1966 might be caused by the feeding of ration mixed with with the fish meal which included ammeline.

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Effect of liquid i-paraffin (mineral white oil, Crystol-70, Esso) coating shell on the quality of the chicken eggs which were stored in an electric refrigerator (temperature 4-6°C, relative humidity 90%), the limestone cave (temperature 8.5-10°C, relative humidity 85%), and an unairconditioned room (temperature 11-32°C, relatve humidity 55-80%) for the period of April 16-18 to November 17-19.
Thirty untreated eggs and 30 oiled eggs were weighed and broken for the measurements of albumen height, Haugh units, albumen index, yolk height on the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7th month of the storage.
Oiling eggs resulted in a significant higher interior quality of the eggs stored either in an electric refrigerator, in the limestone cave, or in an unairconditioned room.
The effect of oiling for the maintenance of interior egg quality was the most pronounced for the eggs kept in an electric refrigerator, more pronounced for those kept in the limestone cave, than those kept in an unairconditioned room.
A good interior quality more than 65 Haugh units could be maintained either for the eggs which were stored for 1.5 months in an unairconditioned room, for 3 months in the limestone cave, or for 6 months in an electric refrigerator.
No statistically significant differences in the organoleptic evaluation by the panel were observed between the oiled eggs which were stored for 4-6 months and the fresh eggs.

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Six hundred and seventy White Plymouth Rock female chicks, hatched in the spring of 1969, were reared at Gifu prefectural poultry breeding station and Gunma prefectural livestock experiment station to study on the grower diets and requirement of the protein and energy in the laying period.
The experiment was carried out on two groups. One group was given normal grower diets and served as a control. The other group was first given low-lysine diet up to the age of 8 weeks and then high-energy, low-lysine diet up to the age of 24 weeks. After this age, both groups were given nine kinds of laying diets comprising the combinations of three levels each of crude proteins (12%, 16% and 20%) and total digestive nutrients (60%, 66% and 72%) up to the age of 64 weeks. The results obtained are as follows:
1) At the age of 24 weeks, the mean body weight of chicks fed with high-energy, low-lysine diet was restricted within 70% of that of control chicks and the feed intake per chick was smaller by 2.8kg. In the rate of raising, however, any significant difference could not be observed between the two groups.
2) During the period from 24 to 64 weeks of raising, many criteria, such as egg weight at sexual maturity, egg production, egg weight, rate of hatchable egg and feed cost per hatchable egg, were all in favor of the high-energy, low-lysine diet although the sexual maturity was retarded.
3) Diets containing 12% of crude protein retarded the sexual maturity but failed to exert any adverse effect upon egg production.
4) With the increase in the amount of total digestive nutrients contained in they diets, the feed intake diminished and the final body weight increased.

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Feeding experiment was conducted to know the effect of conventional feeding system in Japan and phase feeding with commercial laying chicken.
The results were as follow.
1) Conventional feeding system of chicks in Japan is divided in to three steps, i.e., 0-4 weeks (CP20%, TDN68%), 4-10 weeks (CP17%, TDN66%), and 11 week-age at first egg (CP14.5%, TDN65%). But in this phase feeding system, the growing period is divided in to two steps, i. e., 0-4 weeks (CP20%, TDN68%) and 4-20 weeks, (CP 14.5%, TDN65%). No difference in body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, rate of raising in this two feeding system at 20 weeks was found.
2) When the high level protein laying feed (CP18%) was fed for early period of egg production from 20 weeks to 40 weeks, the egg production performance did not increase from of conventional laying feed (CP16%).
3) When low level protein laying feed (CP14%) was fed for the late period of egg production performance did not decrease from that of conventional laying feed (CP16%).

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Commercial broiler chicks of heavy and light types have been reared under two different medication programs. Chicks reared under program No. 1 were vaccinated with Fowl Pox on 0 day of age and dead vaccine for New Castle on 21 days of age and no particular medicines nor feed additives was used. In program No. 2, chicks were vaccinated with Fowl Pox vaccine on 0 day of age and live vaccine for New Castle was sprayed on 21 days of age, and in addition to these, ample quantities of Coccidiostat, unti-biotics and vitamin compounds were given.
Cost of the medications with program No.1 was 5.5 Yen per bird whereas with program No. 2 was 8.6 Yen. However, this difference in the costs of medications has been overcome by better result of growth in program No. 2, and net profit per bird was higher by 7.5 Yen in program No. 2.
This result indicates that complete medication program gives higher profit per bird to commercial broiler farmers even when there is no outbreak of particular diseases.

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