Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
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Volume 11, Issue 5
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
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  • Second Virial Coefficient of Helium from the Square-well Potential
    Shobu Kaneko, Taro Kihara
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 471-473
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.471
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    The second virial coefficient of helium at low temperatures has been investigated by use of the square-well model of the intermolecular potential for a systematic set of potential parameters.
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  • Dielectric Breakdown and Pulse Conduction of Silver Halide Crystals
    Tokuo Suita, Noriaki Itoh
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 474-479
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.474
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    Several experiments on the dielectric breakdown of silver halide crystals were made, concerning about the effect of illumination and temperature. The temperature dependency of the breakdown strength of silver halide crystals seems to be similar to that of alkali halide crystals. The photographic silver specks in the crystals, which were made by illumination and then by being kept in the dark, are found to raise the breakdown strength. The effect of illumination are dependent on the interval between illumination and breakdown and on the repetition rate. These effects seem to be explained by photoelectrons, positive holes, ions and their space charge. Electrical conductivity of pulse electric field was also measured, showing that the ionic current is predominant even in such a short pulse field.
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  • On the Coupled Dislocations along a Grain Boundary
    Yasutada Uemura
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 479-484
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.479
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    By analyzing the interesting patterns of the etch-pits due to the coupled dislocations along a grain boundary in germanium crystals, the direct and quantitative verification of the law of interaction between edge dislocations is obtained.
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  • An Electron Diffraction Study on the Plastic Deformation of Aluminium Single Crystals
    Kazuo Kimoto
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 485-495
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.485
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    Plastic deformation of aluminium single crystals was studied through Kikuchi lines of electron diffraction by the introduction of a new technique: large angle convergent beam method. By this method the irradiated area on the specimen surface can be reduced to 5×20 sq. microns and therefore laminar regions and deformation bands can be studied seperately. For 99.99% aluminium it was found that in laminar regions the distortion is so small that Kikuchi lines are produced even at 10% elongation and that in deformation bands it is large enough to extinguish Kikuchi lines. For 99.55% aluminium, at any place in the crystal the distortion is so large that Kikuchi lines become diffuse at about 3% elongation and are extinguished at about 7% elongation. It was confirmed in all cases that no rotation occurs in the slip plane. The interior of elongated crystals was studied after removal of the surface layer by electro-polishing. Irrespective of the purity of crystals, no recognizable difference was found in the surface layer and in the interior. The order of dislocation density was estimated through Kikuchi line experiment. The results obtained for 99.99% aluminium are 106 lines/sq. cm., 107 lines/sq. cm., and 108 lines/sq. cm. for well annealed crystals, for laminar regions of 10% elongated crystals, and for deformation bands of 10% elongated crystals, respectively.
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  • The Study on Substances having the Ilmenite Structure I. Physical Properties of Synthesized FeTiO3 and NiTiO3 Ceramics
    Yoshikazu Ishikawa, Shozo Sawada
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 496-501
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.496
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    FeTiO3 and NiTiO3 ceramics were synthesized, their thermal, electrical and magnetic properties were investigated and the results obtained were discussed in connection with the crystal structure. Although NiTiO3 is stable up to high temperatures even in air, FeTiO3 is partially oxidized even when it is cooled, being kept in vacuum (10−5 mmHg), to room temperature from the maturing temperature (1350°C). Electrical and magnetic properties of annealed FeTiO3, therefore, differ greatly from those of NiTiO3, but properties of quenched FeTiO3, tend to those of NiTiO3. From these facts, it is concluded that the properties of NiTiO3 are characteristics of the ilmenite structure.
    In discussion attention was paid especially to the relation between the ilmenite structure and its magnetic properties and to the mechanism of electrical conduction, and it was speculated, from these considerations, what kind of roles Ti4+ ions would play in this structure.
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  • Study of Plastic Deformation in Aluminium Crystals by Electron Diffraction and Electron Microscopy
    F. E. Fujita, D. Watanabe, M. Yamamoto, S. Ogawa
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 502-515
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.502
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    Single crystals of highly pure aluminium (99.99%) were plastically deformed and examined by means of electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Surfaces of the deformed crystals produce innumerable slip lines of various slip amounts and deformation bands. The latter greatly affect the diffraction pattern; Laue spots are split, Kikuchi lines are extinguished, and a very high background results. So that, the diffraction pattern from the crystal part containing deformation bands becomes obscured after only a few per cent elongation. While, the effect of crystal imperfections associated with slip lines on the electron diffraction patterns appears to be considerably small, Kikuchi patterns being obtained from laminar-slip regions in a crystal even after 20% elongation. The local distortions expected from the diffraction patterns cannot be explained in terms of the rotations about the [\bar111] axis or in the active slip planes, but rather consist with the local bendings about the [211] axis due to deformation bands. Difference between the state of plastic deformation in the vicinity of the surface and that in the interior of the crystal is conjectured from the difference between the corresponding diffraction patterns. Some considerations on this point are also made.
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  • Intersections of {301}, {101} Twin Bands in Tin
    Saiyu Maruyama, Hiroshi Kiho
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 516-521
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.516
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    In the course of impact tests on single crystals of β–Sn, we found twin bands of the type {301} and its reciprocal {101}, intersecting each other. The intersections were investigated with reflecting microscope, and it was observed that crossing twins were accompanied by at least one of the three types of additional twinning process, namely, secondary twin, bouncing twni, and the broadening or narrowing of crossed twin. Here are given our interpretation for the mechanisms of these additional twinning processes obtained from the results of shear strain measurements around intersections. Several photographs are added with explanations in detail.
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  • Electron Microscopic Study on the Structure of Mosaic Boundaries in Ni–Mn Single Crystal
    Tadami Taoka, Shoichiro Aoyagi
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 522-527
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.522
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    For the purpose of studing the structure of mosaic boundaries in an alloy, observation of etching pits on the (110) plane of a Ni–Mn single crystal has been made by an electron microscope. The results obtained are summarized as follows: i) Mosaic boundary is composed of a set of parallel edge dislocations which are regularly spaced on a crystal lattice plane, as shown by Burgers, model. ii) These edge dislocations are along ⟨112⟩ crystallographic direction with Burgers vector a⁄2⟨110⟩, or along ⟨100⟩ direction with Burgers vector a⟨100⟩ as suggested by Frank. iii) The dislocations are regularly spaced on {110} or {100} plane respectively which are perpendicular to its Burgers vector.
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  • Low Temperature Specimen Method for Electron Diffraction and Electron Microscopy
    Goro Honjo, Norihisa Kitamura, Kohji Shimaoka, Kazuhiro Mihama
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 527-536
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.527
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    Techniques of low temperature specimen method for electron diffraction and electron microscopy were developed. Convenient low temperature specimen holders were constructed with a sufficient number of freedoms to adjust specimen settings for various observations. The temperature of specimen support could be varied within a range from liquid nitrogen temperature to +200°C. Contaminations of specimen caused by condensation of residual vapours, which usually occur considerably below −80°C, were practically eliminated by improving the vacuum of the apparatus and by the use of a special shield around specimen.
    Results of preliminary studies on ice and mercury were briefly described: For ice, the contribution of hydrogen atoms to the diffraction pattern of ice was recognized; for mercury, the solid-liquid phase transition was studied by electron diffraction and the growth of hair-like mercury crystallites was observed by electron microscopy.
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  • Magnetic After-Effect in Ni3Mn Alloy
    Tadami Taoka
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 537-547
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.537
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    In nickel-manganese alloy with stoichiometric composition Ni3Mn, very remarkable magnetic after-effect has been found. The after-effect (i) is large at the intermediate state of order of the alloy, (ii) is most noticeable at the steepest part of the magnetization curve, (iii) is comparatively temperature insensitive, and (iv) is not affected by mechanical deformation. The experimental formula of the phenomenon is well expressed by an analytical form derived by Street and Woolley on the basis of the concept of thermal activation process of single domain particles. It has been confirmed by electron microscopic study that the alloy with remarkable magnetic after-effect is composed of innumerable number of small particles of prolate ellipsoidal form embedded in matrix. The dimension of these particles is of such a order of magnitude that is occupied by only single magnetic domain.
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  • Note on the Paramagnetic Susceptibility and the Gyromagnetic Ratio in Metals
    Ryogo Kubo, Yukio Obata
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 547-550
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.547
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    Although the orbital magnetic moments of the electrons in metals are “quenched” by the crystal field, their contribution to the paramagnetic susceptibility for partly filled degenerate bands is shown to be of the same order of magnitude as the Pauli spin paramagnetism. This contribution corresponds to the so-called “temperature independent high frequency term” in the theory of the paramagnetic susceptibility of atoms. Due to this contribution, the gyromagnetic ratio is reduced by an appreciable amount.
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  • Study of Magnetic Annealing on Ni3Fe Single Crystal
    S\={o}shin Chikazumi
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 551-558
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.551
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    Magnetic anisotropy induced by magnetic annealing was measured for Ni3Fe single crystal by means of a high temperature-torque magnetometer. It was found that the magnitude of anisotropy depends upon the crystallographic direction of the field which is applied during annealing. It was largest for ⟨111⟩, next for ⟨110⟩ and smallest for ⟨100⟩. It was also found that the minimum of the anisotropy energy lies not in just the same direction as that of annealing field, but in the direction nearer to the neighboring ⟨111⟩. These facts could be explained qualitatively by Néel-Taniguchi-Yamamoto’s formula. Quantitative discrepancy between them could be attributed to the nature of face-centred cubic lattice that some of the nearest neighbors of one atom are also in nearest neighbors of one another. Influence of ordinary order was also investigated.
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  • The Forces Acting on Two Equal Circular Cylinders placed in a Uniform Stream at Low Values of Reynolds Number
    Hiroomi Fujikawa
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 558-569
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.558
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    The steady slow motion of a viscous fluid past two parallel circular cylinders of equal radius with their axes in one plane perpendicular to a uniform flow is discussed on the basis of Oseen’s linearized equations of motion.
    Expansion formulae in powers of Reynolds number R for the forces acting on one of the cylinders are obtained correct to the order of R, the lowest order terms being O(R−1).
    After detailed numerical calculations, it is shown that the drag on one cylinder decreases as the distance between the two cylinders decreases and also that each cylinder experiences a repulsive force.
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  • On the Viscous Shear Flow around a Circular Cylinder II. Oseen’s Approximation
    Mitutosi Kawaguti
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 570-583
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.570
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    The shear flow of a viscous fluid around a circular cylinder has been studied to Oseen’s approximation and has been compared with the author’s previous results of Stokes’ approximation. The formulae for the drag and the lift have been obtained neglecting the terms of orders O(Re), O(αRe−1), O(α2), and it has been shown that the drag is not affected by the presence of the shear and the direction of the lift is the same as that for the inviscid shear now within the order of our approximation.
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  • Reflection of Shock Waves–1 Pseudo-Stationary Case
    Ryuma Kawamura, Haruo Saito
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 584-592
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.584
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    Results of theoretical and experimental investigations on shock reflection at a fixed wall are reported in this paper. In the region of regular reflection, agreement of theory and experiment is found to be good except for the fact that experimental points extend a litter bit beyond the theoretical limit. A theoretical investigation of the flow characteristics is made on Mach reflection cases with the conclusion that a singularity would appear at the triple point, and hence, the reflected shock angle would not coincide with the theoretical one when the flow is subsonic behind the reflected shock. This theoretical prediction is fully confirmed by the results of shock angle measurement in schlieren pictures obtained by the experiment. In case of a strong incident shock, angle of the reflected shock decreases discontinuously at the transition from regular to Mach reflection as expected from the theory. In case of a weak incident shock, on the other hand, its change is continuous against the ordinary three-shock theory. It is found in the experiment that the boundary between these two cases takes place approximately at ξ=0.42, where ξ is the pressure ratio across the incident shock. This is in good agreement with the theoretically predicted value, ξ=0.433, above which the Mach reflection with a singularity at the triple point would appear. It corresponds to the condition of the stationary Mach reflection. Comparisons of theory and experiment are also made in this paper on the condition at which the flow behind the incident shock is just sonic relative to the triple point and on the angle of the Mach stem. Throughout the present study experiment was made by use of a shock tube.
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  • On the Coarsening of Non-Sag Tungsten Lamp Filament Wires
    Sunao Oghi
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 593-598
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.593
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    In order to make clear the non-sag nature of tungsten lamp filament its recrystallization behaviour was studied by means of microscopic scrutiny and X-ray diffraction.
    Filament having sag nature begins the recrystallization in a preferred orientation related to initial fibre direction at temperature about 1000°C. This orientation is destroyed at about 1300°C, leading to an ordinary non-preferential polygon structure.
    The subsequent grain growth is very slow even at considerably higher temperatures. On the contrary, with non-sag wires this oriented recrystallization is maintained up to 2000∼2100°C, followed by the abrupt coarsening, in which the coarsened crystals encroach directly the remaining fibre structure. Thus, the coarsened crystals tend to occupy the whole cross-section of the wire, and the filament becomes finally to form a successive chain consisting of single crystals.
    This phenomenon was interpreted as the inhibition dependent coarsening advocated by Beck and others in 1949. This inhibiting action in tungsten filament is most likely caused by the minute quantities of doped materials.
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  • Spark Ignition of Flowing Gases
    Itsuro Kimura, Seiichiro Kumagai
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 599-604
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.599
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    Spark ignition of flowing gases is investigated experimentally at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Under laminar condition the inflammability of flowing gases increases with gas velocity. This is due to the tendency of initial flames to escape from the quenching effect of electrodes under the influence of gas flow. Under turbulent condition the inflammability of flowing gases decreases with increasing gas velocity. This is ascribed to the increased eddy diffusivity and is in accordance with the result of Swett’s experiment under turbulent condition at reduced pressures.
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  • On the Uniaxial Anisotropy Induced by Magnetic Annealing in Ferrites
    Satoshi Taniguchi, Mikio Yamamoto
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 604-605
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.604
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  • Electron Bombardment Conductivity in Silver Bromide Single Crystal II
    Chiyoe Yamanaka, Hidetsugu Sakai, Tokuo Suita
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 605-606
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.605
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  • Electrical Conductivity of Iron Sulfides Single Crystals at the Temperature Range of α-transformation
    Takahiko Kamigaichi, Tadamiki Hihara, Hideo Tazaki, Eiji Hirahara
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 606-607
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.606
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  • On the Lithium Resonance in Lithium Sulfate Monohydrate Li2SO4·H2O
    Miyuki Murakami, Eiji Hirahara
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 607-608
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.607
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  • On the Low Temperature Conduction Phenomena in Semiconductors
    Shigeharu Koshino
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 608-609
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.608
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  • Fermi Part η0 of the TF Function for Free Positive Ion
    Shigehiro Kobayashi
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 609-610
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.609
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  • The Temperature Dependence of the Optical Absorption of Zinc Selenide
    Hirosi Tubota, Hiromichi Suzuki, On Matumura
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 610-611
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.610
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  • Note on Rayleigh’s Problem for a Circular Cylinder with Uniform Suction and Related Unsteady Flow Problem
    Hidenori Hasimoto
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 611-612
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.611
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  • Note on the Electron Spin Resonance of the V1-center
    — Calculation of the Electronic g-value —
    Teturo Inui, Susumu Harasawa, Yukio Obata
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 612-613
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.612
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  • Decrement of Blast Wave
    Akira Sakurai
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 613
    Published: May 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.613
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