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Naoshi Mutsuro, Yuji Ohnuki, Kazuo Sato, Motoharu Kimura
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1649-1653
Published: December 05, 1959
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Photoneutron cross sections and the yield curves were taken by the residual activity method for Ag
107, Mo
92 and Zr
90. Threshold energy were obtained as 9.35±0.1 MeV, 9.15±0.1 MeV, 12.38±0.1 MeV and 12.3±0.1 Mev for Ag
107,109, Mo
92 and Zr
90 respectively. The energy for the maximum cross section was obtained as 14.5 MeV for Ag
107, 16.5 MeV for Mo
92 and 17 MeV for Zr
90. The giant resonance widths were measured about 5.3 MeV, 2.7 MeV and 2.9 MeV respectively. Intrinsic quadrupole moment determined from above data was (1.9±0.7)×10
−24 cm
2 for Ag
107.
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Takashi Kitamura
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1654-1663
Published: December 05, 1959
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As a result of the discussion about the experimental results on the anomalous scattering of mu-mesons so-far obtained, we came to the conclusion that their apparatuses have two principal deficiency in reaching a definite information: uncertainties in determining the identity and momenta of mu-mesons.
Hence, we have a plan to complete the experiment by using an arrangement of Wilson cloud chamber and G. M. counters which is capable of selecting only mu-mesons, their momenta being determined with a thick absorber within a narrow range of
\left(1
l+0.15
−0.20\
ight)
GeV/C and a delayed coincidence method to separate mu-mesons from the other particles. In this paper, moreover, we estimated the possibility to trigger this arrangement with other particles than mu-mesons and found the contribution to be quite negligible.
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Sanemi Sonoike, Hisawo Wakabayasi
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1664-1670
Published: December 05, 1959
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The temperature dependence of surface voltage of silver bromide crystals has been studied. The change in the surface voltage is due to the change in the ionic space charge voltage between silver metal and silver bromide. Near and on free surface, silver ions and electrons move, and their surface levels change under the condition that their change cancels the voltage change due to the ionic space charge of this side. The curve of surface voltage vs temperature consists of two straight lines, one of which refers to the impurity region, the other refers to the intrinsic region. The more Cd the sample contains, the higher temperature the knee point moves to. The formation energy of Frenkel defect and other quantities were obtained.
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Yasushige Fukano, Shiro Ogawa
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1671-1679
Published: December 05, 1959
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Precipitation phenomena during aging have been observed on aluminium-20 wt. per cent silver alloy in thin evaporated films by electron micryscopy and electron diffraction. A super-saturated solid solution has successfully been obtained in thin films by a new quenching method. In a preprecipitation stage aggregates composed of random clusters have been found in electron micrographs, no appreciable diffraction effect having been perceived. In a true precipitation stage precipitates have been found in electron micrographs to change from a needle-like to a three dimensional shape with increasing aging, the axial ratio obtained from diffraction patterns changing from 1.63
3 to 1.59 passing 1.61
2. It is a merit of the present study that a hexagonal precipitate with the ideal axial ratio has been detected in the course of aging. Except this point, the results obtained confirm generally those reported by X-ray studies. So called “equal-thickness interference fringes” have been found in images of precipitates aged at 250°C.
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Shunkichi Kisaka, Seiji Ikegami, Hiromu Sasaki
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1680-1685
Published: December 05, 1959
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Mixed crystals of (Ba-Sr)TiO
3 containing up to about 10 mole per cent of Sr were grown in the same triangular plate shape as BaTiO
3 single crystals, and dielectric measurements were performed thereon. Up to 2.25 mole per cent Sr, the dielectric constant
vs temperature (ε-T) curve near the cubic-tetragonal transition temperature maintains the same form as that of pure BaTiO
3, the peak value rising with increasing Sr content. Above 5.64 mole per cent Sr, however, the ε-T curve has a rounded peak and the peak value drops remarkably. The temperature of maximum dielectric constant decreases with increasing Sr content at a constant rate of 2.9°C per mole per cent in spite of this change. The Curie-Weiss temperature also drops with increasing Sr content at nearly the same rate, the difference between these two temperatures being held at about 20°C. The Curie constant also seems to decrease slightly with increasing Sr content. A comparison between the effect of replacing Ba with Sr and the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the transition temperature and the lattice constant suggests that the transition temperature depends mainly on the lattice constant of the tetragonal c-axis.
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Yukio Osaka
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1685-1690
Published: December 05, 1959
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Exciton structures in alkali-halides are analyzed according to the
p5d configurations based on the “transfer” model for exciton. The ratio of intensity of the absorption peak which is estimated from the
p6d configuration are calculated for some values of parameters. Qualitative comparison with the experimental facts are also given.
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Nobuo Mikoshiba
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1691-1695
Published: December 05, 1959
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A classical Boltzmann theory is given of the acoustoelectric effect in monovalent metals, using Pippard’s approach to the ultrasonic absorption by conduction electrons. Weinreich’s phenomenological relation between the acoustoelectric effect and the ultrasonic absorption holds in all frequency ranges for both longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves. For longitudinal waves in the intermediate and high frequency ranges, the result is essentially identical with that derived from the quantum-mechanical calculation. The order of magnitude of the acoustoelectric effect in the low frequency range is smaller than Parmenter’s result but larger than that obtained by Weinreich-Holstein’s approach. A phenomenological theory is developed of the acoustoelectric effect due to electron transfer mechanism in polyvalent metals, the method of which can be applied also to many-valley semiconductors.
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Kenjiro Tsutsumi
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1696-1706
Published: December 05, 1959
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The wavelength values and relative intensities of the X-ray non-diagram lines
Kα
3,4 of metallic iron and
Kβ′ of Cr
2O
3, Cr
2(SO
4)
3·nH
2O, MnO
2, MnSO
4·4H
2O, Fe
2O
3 and Fe(NH
4)
2(SO
4)
2·6H
2O were measured by the fluorescent X-ray method using twe different characteristic X-rays. The
Kα
3,4 lines did not appear when an iron atom was excited by Ni
K rays but were clearly observed when excited by Cu
K rays. This was expected from the origin of the
Kα
3,4 lines that is supposed to arise from a
KL–
LL transition. In the case of the
Kβ′ line no difference was found regardless of whether it was excited by photons of energy lower or higher than
K(
Z)+
L(
Z+1) which is necessary to remove simultaneously a
K and an
L electrons of an atom (
Z). Therefore, the author may conclude that the
Kβ′ line is due not to the double but to the single ionization process and that it can be derived from the difference of the exchange interactions of the states having different total spins (
S+1⁄2) and (
S−1⁄2), where
S is the total spin of the incomplete 3
d shell and 1/2 is that of the incomplete 3
p shell in the final state. The energy separations of the
Kβ
1 and
Kβ′ lines calculated from the above-mentioned exchange energies nearly agree with those observed in the experiments.
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Yasuhiro Shinnaka
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1707-1716
Published: December 05, 1959
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Hindered rotation of nitrate groups in the tetragonal ammonium nitrate was studied by using X-ray diffuse scattering. The first, second, third and fourth order diffuse scatterings of plate-like shape perpendicular to the
C*-direction in the reciprocal lattice were observed. These diffuse scatterings were analyzed referring to the crystal structure as determined previously by using Laue-Bragg scattering. It was found that the correlation among rotating nitrate groups is strong in the
C-direction, while it is weak in the direction perpendicular to it and its type is different from that to be expected from the lower temperature modification.
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Hide Yoshioka, Tetsuo Fujita
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1717-1724
Published: December 05, 1959
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The spin-lattice relaxation time
T1 and the spin phase-memory time
T2 of protons in methanol solutions containing manganous ions have been studied by use of the coherent-pulse technique. The relaxation curves were resolved into two components,
i.e., a short-time component corresponding to hydroxyl group protons and a long-time component corresponding to methyl group protons. The
T1⁄
T2 ratio for methyl group protons is considerably larger than unity. This indicates a finite density of unpaired electrons on the methyl group protons of alcohol ligands around a manganous ion. Similar studies are reported for a mixture of methanol and water containing manganous ions.
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Taiichiro Haseda, Hanako Kobayashi, Muneyuki Date
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1724-1727
Published: December 05, 1959
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Paramagnetic susceptibility of single crystals of NiK Tutton salt and NiCl
2·6H
2O were measured in the temperature range between 1.40°K and 20.4°K. The anisotropic susceptibilities found in NiK Tutton salt are in very good agreement with the calculated values using the splitting parameters which are determined by paramagnetic resonance experiment. In NiCl
2·6H
2O, the antiferromagnetic transition was found at about 6°K. The easy axis is along the axis perpendicular to crystalline
c axis in
ac plane.
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Masaharu Toyama
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1727-1738
Published: December 05, 1959
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The transition probabilities for the Zeeman components in nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrum were formulated in the case of arbitrary field gradient. Interesting behaviours were revealed especially for a nucleus of half-integral spin. When a magnetic field is applied in a direction perpendicular to the principal
z-axis in the case of nonaxial field gradient due to the surrounding charges, the inner pair of the Zeeman components is produced by the
x-component of the rf field and the outer pair by the
y-component. The dependence of the intensities on the Zeeman field is in general not symmetric with respect to the principal axes of the field gradient.
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Manabu Yamamoto
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1739-1746
Published: December 05, 1959
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Time variation of the radiation intensity was observed during an impulsive discharge through hydrogen gas. Oscillogram traces of the intensity of the Balmer lines and continuum are shown, and the temperature dependence of the spectral intensity is discussed. Temperature of the plasma at various phases of the discharge current is deduced from the time variation of the radiation intensity, from spectral energy distribution of the Balmer continuum, and from electrical conductivity. It is shown that the agreement between theory and experiment is fairly good for ionization and kinetic temperatures, but poor for the excitation temperature. The
Hβ line tends to vanish more rapidly than theoretically predicted.
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Kazuyuki Ogawa
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1746-1751
Published: December 05, 1959
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Preliminary experiments on the anodic oscillation in glow discharge having no positive column are carried on, and they yield the following results. (1) Whenever the oscillation exists a faint small glow ball appears at a small part of the anode. When only one glow ball appears, one series of wave consists of the only kind of wave-form. On the contrary, in case of two balls two distinct wave-forms appear, and they are smoothly connected when the ratio of the period of each wave-form is integer. (2) It is easy to make the glow ball appear, when the anode has very small surface area compared with that of the cathode. (3) The oscillating zone is located only in the glow ball. (4) The degree of modulation of light intensity variation of the glow ball is 100%. The light intensity pulse builds up at the point where the current is minimum, and it reaches to peak preceding the maximum of the current wave. When two glow balls exist they alternately flush, and one of them corresponds to one of current wave and the other to another one.
The results are discussed in comparison with a hypothesis hitherto accepted, and they lead to a conclusion in which the conventional theory seems to be not always applicable to quantitative treatment of the oscillatory phenomena.
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Taro Kihara
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1751-1754
Published: December 05, 1959
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Relaxation between ion and electron temperatures,
T1 and
T2, of dilute fully ionized gases in a magnetic field is discussed. The mean gyration radius,
rg, is assumed to be much smaller than the Debye length,
lD. The rate of relaxation,
R, defined by
d(
T2−
T1)⁄
dt=−(
T2−
T1)
Ris calculated to be
R=(
n1+
n2)(4
m2⁄3
m1)(2π
kT2⁄
m2)
1⁄2(
Ze2⁄
kT2)
2[ln(
lD⁄
rg)]
2for
rg∼
Ze2⁄
kT2.
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Kazuo Kawabe
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1755-1765
Published: December 05, 1959
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The effect of electric fields on the three transition points of barium titanate was studied experimentally by observing the shift of the curve of the thermal transition of transparency with varying biasing fields. Transparent electrodes, thin films of stannic oxide, were used in order to observe the intensity of light transmitted through crystals to which electric fields were applied. The Curie point is raised up to a critical temperature of 132°C, the required strength of the field being 9 kv/cm, and above this point the transition of the first order no longer takes place. From this fact, the coefficient of
Pz4 in the Devonshire expression of the free-energy function is obtained, which supports the value measured by Drougard. The observed shifts of the Curie point and the 5°C transition point are in good agreement with the values calculated by using the Devonshire function of the sixth order. At the −80°C transition, the experimental value is explained by adding the terms of eighth and tenth powers of polarization to the usual Devonshire function.
The relationship between the polarization of a crystal and the intensity of the transmitted light is pointed out in the case when the crystal is placed between crossed Nichols.
Remarks are also given of the effects which the coating of electrodes has upon the shape of the curve of the thermal transition of transparency at the −80°C transition.
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Tsunesaburo Asada, Masayoshi Masuda, Masayuki Okumura, Juzo Okuma
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1766-1770
Published: December 05, 1959
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The fact that a phosphor exhibits different decay times for different kinds of exciting radiation has recently been reported. This is expected to be found also in ZnS(Ag) phosphor which is often applied in photo-nuclear experiment. Detailed measurements of such decay properties has been carried out in the present work. It came out clear that the phosphor has two types of decay mode for a kind of radiation, one being exponential and another hyperbolic with time, and that the phosphor has different decay constants in the exponential form decay for different kinds of radiation. The decay constants were obtained to be 100 mμsec and 10 mμsec for the α-particle and γ-ray excitation, respectively. Thus, contrary to a previous work by Koontz et al.
10), an apparent difference was observed for these two kinds of excitation. Furthermore, it was observed that in the case of γ-ray excitation the decay is mainly exponential and in the case of α-particle excitation mainly hyperbolic. The difference of decay modes and the difference of the decay constants make it possible to discriminate protons or α-particles from the strong γ-ray background.
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Haruo Moriguchi
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1771-1796
Published: December 05, 1959
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A method of successive approximation, which is essentially a modified form of the WKB method, is developed to express, for large values of parameter
h, the asymptotic solutions of a linear second order differential equation
\frac
d2ydx2−(λ+
h2f(
x))
y=0,
in the region where the zeros of the coefficient of
y are present. Several simple cases are treated as elementary examples. It is shown that a class of Hill equations is included in the category to which our method is applicable, and that their uniformly valid asymptotic solutions can be expressed in terms of Mathieu functions. The locally valid expressions are also given by means of the above method.
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Hiroshi Sato
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1797-1810
Published: December 05, 1959
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Experiments have been made on the artificially excited transition of two-dimensional separated layer at subsonic speeds. The response characteristics of laminar layer to the sinusoidal external disturbances are found to be in good agreement with theoretical calculations based on the Orr-Sommerfeld equation. The effect of excitation becomes maximum when the frequency of external excitation coincides with that of naturally excited sinusoidal velocity fluctuation in the laminar layer. No remarkable abrupt turbulent bursts are found in the transition region. The wave-form of velocity fluctuation changes gradually from sinusoidal to irregular patterns.
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Tamedi Simasaki, Keishiro Niu
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1810-1815
Published: December 05, 1959
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The fundamental equation for the steady axisymmetric flow of an incompressible inviscid fluid is expressed in a complex form as:
\frac∂
F∂\barξ=\frac
F−\bar
F2(ζ−\barζ).
We here replace this by the following approximate equation:
FN=∫\frac
FN−1−\bar
FN−12(ζ−\barζ)
d\barζ+
gN(ζ),
where
FN and
FN−1 are the
Nth and the (
N−1)th approximations of the complex velocity potential
F respectively, and
gN(ζ) is an appropriate complementary function of ζ. Treatment of this equation is very simple and its validity is ascertained by numerical calculations for the cases of a sphere and prolate spheroid for which exact solutions are already known. In the case of a sphere, approximate solutions converge uniformly to the exact one, while in the case of a prolate spheroid it is seen that the velocity potential on the surface is rather rapidly improved step by step.
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Tomoyuki Saito, Isao Oshida
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1816-1819
Published: December 05, 1959
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Here are studied some types of differential equations of the fourth order, to which the so-called W.K.B. method can be easily extended, and presented some exemplifying solutions up to the first order of approximation. As a physical example, the equation of lateral bending vibration of a not-completely flexible string, whose cross section of finite size is slowly varying along its length, and whose ends are both clamped, is solved. It is also shown that the terms of the first and the third differentation of a linear differential equation of the fourth order can be eliminated by a suitable transformation.
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K\={o} Yasuk\={o}chi, Tetsuo Ohoyama, Kazuo Kanematsu
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1820
Published: December 05, 1959
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Goro Kuwabara, Kiyoshi Aoyagi
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1821
Published: December 05, 1959
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Ken-Ichir\={o} Ishii
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1822
Published: December 05, 1959
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Atsushi Okazaki, Yasutaka Suemune, Tsutomu Fuchikami
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1823-1824
Published: December 05, 1959
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Kiyoshi Murakawa, Shizuyo Hashimoto
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1824
Published: December 05, 1959
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Kôichi Nakajima
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1825-1826
Published: December 05, 1959
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Kiyokata Matsuura
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1826
Published: December 05, 1959
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Sumiaki Ibuki, Hirosuke Yamashita
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1827
Published: December 05, 1959
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Yoshibumi Fujiki, Toshiho Yoshida
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1828
Published: December 05, 1959
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Kazuhiko Izui
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1829-1830
Published: December 05, 1959
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Makoto Kikuchi, Kenkichi Tachikawa
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1830
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Ichizô Uchida
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1831
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Masafumi Inoki
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1832-1833
Published: December 05, 1959
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M. Venugopalan
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1833-1834
Published: December 05, 1959
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Wataru Segawa
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1834
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Kisaburo Shogenji
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1835A
Published: December 05, 1959
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Eijir\={o} Haga
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1835B-1836B
Published: December 05, 1959
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R≡\sqrt2
a in the right column line 33 should be read
R≡2
a.
We later discovered mistakes in the computation of
Qc in this paper. We must adopt the following expression as the correct formula of Eq. (15):
eQc=−\frac
k2\frac
T0T\frac(2π\sqrt2)
1⁄2[(1−
p)
c0T0⁄
T]
1⁄2(1+4(π\sqrt2)
1⁄2[(1−
p)
c0T0⁄
T]
1⁄2)
2and Eq. (12) should be omitted. Hence, Table I is revised as follows.
Further, the last term in Eq. (20) should be omitted. Instead of Table II in the previous paper, the value of
Qc for AgCl doped with the CdCl
2 quantities used in the measurement of thermo-power is estimated as follows.
If we find the values of
hF+
Qi*+
Qv* at 250 and 350°C under consideration of
Qc with
R≡2
a, the ones become larger by 10∼20% than previously found (J. Phys. Soc. Japan
14 (1959) 729)
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Kiyoshi Murakawa
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1836A
Published: December 05, 1959
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Page 1626, right compartment, lines 9 and 10 should read
K1=0.972,
K2=−0.197,
K3=−0.090,
K4=0.091,
K5≈0.
I deeply appreciate the kindness of Dr. Blaise who called my attention to the miscopy.
Page 1629. The figures (only) in Figs. 3 and 5 should be interchanged.
The captions are correctly printed.
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Motoo Hori
1959 Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages
1836B
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