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Yoshio Saji
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
367-371
Published: March 05, 1960
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The Be
9(
p,
n)B
9 reaction has been studied by using a fast neutron spectrometer with a hydrogen gas radiator.
The energy spectrum of neutrons from the reaction at 14.1 MeV of proton energy was obtained and three new excited levels (3.07, 4.14 and 4.94 MeV) in B
9 were observed. They are consistent with the levels of the mirror nucleus, Be
9, and the level scheme of intermediate coupling model introduced by Kurath.
Moreover, the angular distributions of the Be
9(
p,
n)B
9 neutrons at 8.1 to 14.1 MeV of proton energies were obtained. The results do not agree with the theory of Austern, Butler and McManus. The isotropic parts of the neutron angular distributions become larger as the incident proton energies decrease. It is probably due to the fact that, in the lower energy region, the formation of compound nucleus is more preferable.
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Tsutomu T\={o}hei
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
372-376
Published: March 05, 1960
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The gamma rays following the decay of chlorine 34 were studied with the scintillation spectrometer using a 4″φ×4″Nal(Tl) crystal and a Sunvic 100 channel pulse height analyser. Samples were produced with a betatron by the Cl
35(γ,
n)Cl
34 reaction. In the search gamma rays of 1.17 Mev, 2.14 Mev, 3.32 Mev and weak three gamma rays of 0.64 Mev, 0.77 Mev, and 4.10 Mev were found. The relative intensities are obtained as follows: I(1.17 Mev): I(2.14 Mev): I(3.32 Mev): I(4.10 Mev)=32:100: 32:1.0.
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Masao Shimizu
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
376-406
Published: March 05, 1960
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Magnetism, especially ferromagnetism, of an electron gas is studied on the basis of the Bohm-Pines collective description of electron interactions. Exchange interactions are derived from the screened Coulomb interaction, the interaction obtained from the second-order perturbation of the screened Coulomb interaction, and the weak interaction coming from the interaction between plasma and individual electrons. We assume effective mass for the electron mass. The total energy of the electron gas in the ferromagnetic state is compared with that in the non-ferromagnetic state, and the conditions of ferromagnetism for the electron gas are discussed. The one-electron approximation being adopted, the effective number of magnetic carriers in the electron gas is expressed as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Using the Weiss approximation, we express the spontaneous magnetization at an arbitrary temperature in terms of this effective number and the molecular field obtained from the proper average of the exchange interactions. At low temperatures, the spin-wave approximation is adopted. The Curie temperature, the paramagnetic susceptrbility above the Curie point, and the temperature variation of spontaneous magnetization at low temperatures are determined as functions of the effective mass and the electron mean distance. Using the effective masses determined so as to explain the experimental values of the electronic heats, we make a comparison with experimental values for Ni, Co and Fe. It shows satisfactory agreement in the case of positive hole gas. The strong paramagnetism of γFe, Pd and Pt are also satisfactorily explained, and the inverse of their susceptibilities is well expressed as the sum of a constant term and the term proportional to
T2 at comparatively lower temperatures.
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Kazuo Nagai
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
407-416
Published: March 05, 1960
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Formal expressions are derived for the mean square of the end-to-end distance and the electric moment of polypeptide molecules in the helix-coil transition region. It is assumed that each amino acid residue of a polypeptide molecule in the transition region is involved either in a helical section or in a randomly coiled section. A partition function of a polypeptide molecule is constructed by means of the matrix method. First, the partition function is used in obtaining the average of some scalar quantities, e.g., the mean fraction of residues involved in helical sections. Next, we obtain the average of a product of martices, which is used in calculating the mean square of the end-to-end distance and the electric moment. Expressions for the α-helix are also derived. An improved partition function including various effects, e.g., the end effect, is given in the appendix.
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Atsuo Nishioka, Yasuhiro Koike, Masakazu Owaki, Tsunezo Naraba, Yoshin ...
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
416-428
Published: March 05, 1960
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Crystallization and glass transition in various samples of polypropylene, have been studied by proton magnetic resonance over the wide temperature range −180∼200°C, and by X-ray diffraction at room temperature. It was found that the free rotation of methyl groups would be hindered below −130°C and the second moment tended to increase towards the rigid state value. Motional narrowing occurs gradually at −40°C in atactic polymer which is mostly amorphous. On the other hand, isotactic polymer which is highly crystalline, showed rather sharp narrowing from −10°C to 30°C, but the condition of heat treatment affected the behaviors of narrowing. X-ray diffraction patterns suggest that quenched film has smaller size of crystallite than that of annealed film. The line shape of atactic polymer is very similar to that of amorphous component decomposed by Wilson-Pake method in isotactic polymer, and then the degree of crystallinity of highly crystalline isotactic sample was estimated about 70∼80% at room temperature. When the isotactic polymer was cooled down from 200°C, recovery of crystallization was observed between 140 and 120°C.
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Yasusada Yamada
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
429-435
Published: March 05, 1960
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The paramagnetic inelastic scattering of neutrons due to ions of 3d transition elements in the anisotropic crystalline field was considered. When the orbital momentum of the paramagnetic ions is not quenched, the spin states are no longer degenerate but split into discrete levels. The transition between these levels can occur by magnetic dipole interaction of ions with neutrons, neutrons losing or gaining the corresponding energy. In the special case of FeCl
2, an antiferromagnetic crystal whose Néel temperature is 24°K, the calculation of the forward scattering cross-sections of neutrons in various temperatures and wave lengths were carried out which showed that it is possible, in the ordinary conditions, to observe the inelastically scattered neutrons, and whence to obtain an information about the energy level scheme of the atomic spin in the crystal.
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Hisamitsu Yoshimura
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
435-444
Published: March 05, 1960
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The solution energies of manganese in LiCl and KCl crystals have been calculated by applying Haven’s method to the systems of MnCl
2-Alkali Chloride and by the use of the experimental value of the solution energy of manganese in NaCl, obtaining 0.85 eV for LiCl and −2.08 eV for KCl. The paramagnetic resonance spectra of manganese in quenched crystals of LiCl and KCl showed the hyperfine structure of divalent manganese ion in the crystalline field with non-cubic symmetry. By assuming the spin Hamiltonian of orthorhombic symmetry for the divalent manganese ion associated with a positive ion vacancy, the values of
D and
E have been calculated as
D=109±10 gauss and
E=25±10 gauss for LiCl. For KCl the observed spectra and their transformations by thermal treatments will be shown. The coloration of Mn doped crystals was carried out by γ-ray irradiation or by pointed cathode, and the resonance spectra of the colored crystals were observed.
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Pil Hyon Kim
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
445-455
Published: March 05, 1960
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Below liq. H
2 temperature down to liq. He temperature, it seems that the protons of NH
3 ligand are rotating or tunneling about three-fold axis in the complex ions of M(NH
3)
6 type. Above liq. H
2 temperature, there occurs the molecular reorientation in addition to the rotation or the tunneling of the protons of NH
3 about three-fold axis.
The difference of the line width between the diamagnetic and the paramagnetic salts at room temperature is explained by taking account of the short
T1 in the paramagnetic salts.
The magnitude of the observed shift at low temperature is proportional to the susceptibility and such a relation is derived theoretically by evaluating for three spin system. Comparing each line width and the shift of Co and Mn salts with those of Ni salt, it is suggested that the distance between hydrogen atom and the metal ion in Co and Mn salts is much larger than that in Ni salt. In the measurements on the salts of Ni(NH
3)
6Cl
2 and Ni(NH
3)
6(ClO
4)
2 at low temperature, there happened an unexpected phenomenon that the proton line disappears suddenly, though the reason of which is not yet certain.
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Akio Honma
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
456-463
Published: March 05, 1960
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Adopting the effective Hamiltonian by Pryce and the molecular field approximation, the parallel and perpendicular susceptibilities of FeF
2 are calculated. According to the experiments by Stout and Matarrese, the perpendicular susceptibility below the Néel point decreases with decreasing temperature. Denoting the components of the
D-tensor in Pryce’s effective Hamiltonian by
Di (
i=
x,
y,
z) where the
z-axis is taken as the
c-axis and the
x-axis as the direction of the line connecting two nearest neighbouring F ions, this behaviour of the perpendicular susceptibility can be explained if
Dx,
Dy>
Dz. The parallel susceptibility at absolute zero has a non-zero value proportional to (
Dx–
Dy)
2. However this term is of the same or small order compared with the temperature-independent part of the magnetic susceptibility. Comparisons with experiments are made by using the values of the
D-tensor and the
g-factor obtained by Tinkham. If the reasonable values of exchange integrals are adopted, the calculated susceptibilities are in good agreement with the experimental results by Stout and Matarrese.
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Takejiro Kaneko
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
463-465
Published: March 05, 1960
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Forced volume magnetostriction of cocalt-nickel alloys with 10, 20 and 30 atomic percent nickel content was measured by means of resistance strain-gauge up to the magnetic field of 15000 Oe. It was observed that the fractional volume change per oersted of these alloys after technical saturation were smaller than 1×10
−10/Oe. The result is consistent, at least qualitatively, with Patrick’s experimental results of the change of the Curie temperature with hydrostatic pressure.
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Enji Uchida, Hisamoto Kondoh, Yoshihide Nakazumi, Takeo Nagamiya
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
466-474
Published: March 05, 1960
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The magnetic anisotropy of MnO single crystal, grown by the Verneuil method, was measured using a torque balance. The results of the torque measurements at liquid air temperature could be summarized within experimental errors by a formula
T=C
1H
2sin (2θ+ε
1)+C
2H
4sin (4θ+ε
2)+C
3H
6,
where H is the applied field intensity, θ the angle of rotation of H relative to the crystal, and ε’s and C’s are constants which depend in a certain way on the kind of crystallographic axis of suspension. In the case where [111] is the direction of suspension, C
2=0. The C
3H
6 term changed its sigh when the rotation was made in the revere sense; thus it represents a rotational hysteresis term. Alternative theoretical interpretations of the new 4θ-term are presented: it arises either from a possible small anisotropy energy within the easy plane of magnetization, or from reversible movements of the walls which separate different antiferromagnetic domains. Discussion to favor the latter is given.
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Hiroshi Mizutani
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
475-483
Published: March 05, 1960
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For clarifying the physical properties of high polymer solution, it important to investigate into the relation of the extension of high polymer molecule in solution to the potential energies between chain elements of the high polymer molecule and solvent molecules. In the present paper is given a theoretical treatment of this relation as a guide to the experimental study.
The calculation is based on a lattice model. The potential energies of interaction between chain elements and solvent molecules were formulated as precisely as possible, and the expression for the extension of high polymer molecule was obtained.
The results secured may be summarized as follows: The expression by which the end-to-end distance of high polymer molecule is related to the potential energies between chain elements and solvent molecules, and also the expression for a change in end-to-end distance of high polymer molecule, when it is put from vacuum into solution, have been obtained. From these relations we see that the quantity which determines the extension of high polymer molecule in solution is
ΔE=(
Epp+
Ess)⁄2−
Eps and the quantity which determines the change in extension accompanying the transfer of high polymer molecule from vacuum to solution is
Eps−
Ess⁄2. Here −
Epp, −
Ess, −
Eps are the potential energy between two chain elements, that between two solvent molecules and that between a chain element and a solvent molecule, respectively.
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Taiichiro Haseda
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
483-488
Published: March 05, 1960
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The paramagnetic susceptibility of a single crystal of CoCl
2·6H
2O was measured by the usual a-c bridge method. Transition to the antiferromagnetic state was observed at about 3.3°K. The easy axis is along the crystalline c axis. The g values determined in the paramagnetic region, below 20°K are:
gc=
gb=4.9 and
gc⊥=2.9. Some considerations about the anisotropic susceptibilities in the paramagnetic state are given from the standpoint of crystalline field theory. The exchange interaction in this salt is discussed considering the interaction path between the magnetic ions which involves the linkages of chlorine atoms or water molecules. The measurements on the deuterated salts are intended to make clear the effect of the hydrogen bond on the magnetic exchange interaction.
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Tetsuhiko Tomiki
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
488-510
Published: March 05, 1960
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By experiments upon the thermal stability of the M, R and N centres in KCl crystal coloured additively, it was revealed that R
1 and R
2 centres dissociated thermally into F, M and N centres above 50°C, N centres dissociate into F and M centres above 100°C and M centres dissociated into F centres above 130°C. The relaxation time τ for the dissociation process of the M centre is expressed by 1⁄τ=2·10
12×exp (−1.31⁄
kT) sec
−1 for
kT in ev. The corresponding experiment on the R centre was unsuccessful. With use of the above properties of photochemical products, the number of the F centre corresponded to one M centre was determined with high precision. In addition to this, the quantum yield of the M centre in the photochemical reaction with M band light was investigated as a function of temperature. Combining these two experiments with a quantitative analysis of dichroism both in the F and M bands, it is concluded that the M centre is one-electron centre, that the 2nd M band exists in the F band region, that the absorption considered to be a continuum of the M centre exists in the short wavelength branch of the F band and that the oscillator strength of the M main band is assigned to 0.83. The reciprocal of the quantum yield of the M centre is expressed by 1+1.4·10
−7 exp (0.50/
kT) for
kT in ev. It is also concluded that the R centre has its another absorption in the spectral region of the F band.
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Yûkichi Nomura, Ichirô Yamamura, Sakari Inawashiro
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
510-517
Published: March 05, 1960
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The problem of sound radiation from a circular pipe fitted with an infinite flange is solved. The radiation impedance, the transmission coefficient, the power gain function and the end correction are evaluated numerically and shown as functions of the wave length.
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Wataru Segawa
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
518-522
Published: March 05, 1960
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Ordinarily, stress-strain relation of Lagrange’s representation is written in terms of Lagrange’s representation of stress σ
ij and the Love measure
eijL. From the above relation, we can derive Reiner’s equation in terms of Euler’s representation of stress
Tλμ and the Green measure
eλμG.
In this paper, it is shown the σ′
ij and
eij defined by
σ′
ij=
Dx,
i*λx,
j*μTλμ,
eij=\frac12(δ
ij−
gij)
can play the role of σ
ij and
eijL and starting from stress-strain relation of σ′
ij and
eij we arrive at Reiner’s equation in terms of
Tλμ and the Almansi measure
eAλμ.
Various relations relating to four measures above mentioned and to their first variations are also shown, as well as various relations among different strain invariants.
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Nisiki Hayasi
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
522-527
Published: March 05, 1960
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Using the orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, three-dimensional incompressible laminar boundary-layer equations are obtained. These equations reduce to two-dimensional type, if one component of the velocity and the pressure gradient in that direction are negligible throughout the boundary layer.
Conditions for the existence of similar solutions for such quasi-two-dimensional boundary layer are investigated. New similar solutions are found using “planar coordinates” α, β, γ (γ=0 gives the surface) in the case where the velocity at the outer edge of the boundary layer is expressed as {B
1G(α, β)+B
2}
m or B
2exp {B
1G(α, γ)}, where
m is a constant, B
1 and B
2 are arbitrary functions of β, and
G(α, β) is a known function determined by the surface geometry.
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Seishi Kikuchi
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
527
Published: March 05, 1960
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H. Forstat, G. O. Taylor, B. R. King
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
528
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Hiroshi Kanzaki, Keishiro Kido
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
529-530
Published: March 05, 1960
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Y\={u}z\={o} Shichij\={o}, Tomonao Miyadai, Hisao Takata
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
530
Published: March 05, 1960
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Isao Takahashi, Tsuneo Hashi, Masaru Yamano, Motokazu Yamamoto, Shigey ...
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
531-532
Published: March 05, 1960
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Sh\={u}ji Fukui, Satio Hayakawa
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
532
Published: March 05, 1960
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Yuzi Gomi, Yuzo Odani, Makoto Sugihara
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
533-534
Published: March 05, 1960
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Katsuo Negishi
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
534
Published: March 05, 1960
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Yuzi Gomi, Yuzo Odani
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
535
Published: March 05, 1960
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Koichi Toyoda, Akira Shimada, Tetsuro Tanaka
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
536-537
Published: March 05, 1960
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Masayoshi Sat\={o}, Tadayasu Mitui
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
537
Published: March 05, 1960
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Kuniya Fukuda, Akizo Okuda, Yoichi Uchida
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
538-539
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Shoichi Hirota, Tetsuji Imai
1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages
539
Published: March 05, 1960
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