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Goro Tanahashi
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
883-906
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Two sets of detectors of nuclear active particles have been cooperated in the extensive air shower arrays at sea level. The results obtained from these detectors agreed with each other, so that the energy spectrum of nuclear active particles in extensive air showers was determined with reasonable accuracy in the size range of 3.10
4 to 5.10
6 particles.
At sea level the average energy of the most energetic nuclear active particles and the energy flow carried by nuclear active particles (
E>10 GeV) are nearly proportional to the shower size, and they are 1.2±0.4·10
12 eV and 5.3±2.0·10
12 eV respectively for the shower of the size (that determined from the scintillators) of 10
5 particles.
These results and the energy carried by the electron photon component were compared with the calculated ones based on some conventional models of the nuclear interaction. The inelasticity and the mean free path of the nuclear interaction were thus obtained to be 0.65±0.15 and 80±10 gcm
−2 respectively in the energy range of 10
14 to 10
15 eV.
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Kazuo Yamagata, Hidetaro Abe
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
906-910
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The magnetic susceptibility of powder and single crystal manganese formate has been measured in the temperature region between 0.1°K and 1.5°K. Powder susceptibility between 1.5° and 0.7°K gives a Curie-Weiss law, 0.6
C⁄(
T+0.2), where
C is
Ng2β
2S(
S+1)⁄3
k. Single crystal susceptibilities show a small anisotropy at this temperature region. These facts can be regarded as an evidence for the remaining of paramagnetic spins after the previously reported two transitions at 3.7°K and at 1.7°K. At about 0.6°K another transition has been observed in addition to the above mentioned ones. This newly observed transition indicates the ordering of the residual free spins.
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Masayoshi Ohashi
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
911-914
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
The magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat of powdered specimens of the intermetallic compounds with the compositions of MnHg and Mn
2Hg
5 were measured from the boiling point of liquid air up to 400°K. The thermomagnetic curve showed a break at about 200°K for MnHg. A peak was found in the specific heat vs. temperature curve at 198.5°K, which corresponded to the breaking point in the susceptibility. From the amount of this anomalous heat absorption, the anomaly might not be attributed to the transition from the antiferromagnetic to the paramagnetic state. The magnetization curve for MnHg at the liquid air temperature changed a slope at about 13 KOe. An interpretation is given for the findings mentioned above.
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Kazuhiko Izui
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
915-932
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Electron microscopic observation is carried out on fission fragment irradiated germanium, silicon and magnesium oxide which have different grain size and thickness. Tracks of fission fragments are observed in evaporated films of germanium with about 10 Å grain size and of magnesium oxide with about 50 Å grain size, while no track is observed in other materials. A number of small spots are found to appear in large crystal films of germanium and silicon after the irradiation. It is found by electron diffraction study that there are a number of small disturbed or recrystalized regions in highly irradiated large crystals of germanium and silicon. The mechanism of thermal spike is discussed in some detail based on a estimate of the energy distribution of excited electrons and relaxation times for various collision processes of these electrons, and a new model which is applicable to non-metallic crystals is presented. Calculations of the temperature distribution in a spike region based on this model is found to give a good result consistent with the present experiment.
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Sizuo Asanabe
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
933-937
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The electrical resistivity, Hall coefficient and thermoelectric power have been measured over the temperature range from 4.2 to 800°K on Co
1−xMn
xSi(
x\lesssim0.06), Co
1−xCr
xSi(
x\lesssim0.04) and Co
1−xNi
xSi(
x\lesssim0.10) solid solutions. The specimen is
n-type when
x=0. With increasing
x, the specimens of Co
1−xNi
xSi become more
n-type, while in the specimens of Co
1−xMn
xSi and Co
1−xCr
xSi, the contribution of hole conduction increases. The experimental data are qualitatively interpreted in terms of the overlapping band structure scheme, which is appropriate for Co
1−xFe
xSi solid solutions. It is concluded that the replacement of cobalt with manganese or chromium produces approximately one hole per atom, while the replacement of cobalt with nickel produces approximately one electron per atom in the solid solutions.
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Tatumi Kurosawa
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
937-942
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Hot electron problems, or more generally non-equilibrium problems of electrons in semiconductors, are formulated from a new approach, which regards the motion of an electron in energy space as a sort of Brownian motion. This holds in so far as processes which cause large energy change are disregarded. In this case, the behavior of an ensemble of the electrons can be represented by a diffusion equation in the energy space. This diffusion equation is equivalent to the ordinary Boltzmann equation in principle, but the former is simpler than the latter both in physics and in mathematics and can more easily be applied to various non-equilibrium problems.
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Tomoyuki Takeuchi
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
942-954
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
An etching reagent for the observation of dislocations on the (100) surface of iron was developed. The composition is 20 g FeCl
3·6H
2O, 40 ml ethyl alcohol, 40 ml water and a few mg CuCl
2·2H
2O. Glide bands were observed on iron single crystals extended under various constant loads at 0°C and −78°C.
Observed glide band patterns on the crystals extended in the [011] direction changed sensitively by applied stress. The glide bands on the crystals extended at low stress were vague, and they become sharper at higher stress. The pit density in glide bands was proportional to applied stress.
It is inferred from the observations of glide bands that there appear large stress concentrations at the tips of growing glide bands in iron single crystals.
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Yasuharu Makita, Tatsuya Sekido
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
954-959
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Dielectric properties of a new ferroelectric, NaNH
4SO
4·2H
2O, near its Curie temperature are studied. The crystal has three successive phases,
i.e. a ferroelectric (III), another ferroelectric (II), and a paraelectric phase (I). The II-III phase transition is accompanied with a small discontinuous change in spontaneous polarization. The dielectric constant along the
c axis (ε
c) above the Curie temperature follows the Curie-Weiss law, ε
c=ε
0+
C⁄(
T−
Tc), with a rather normal magnitude of the Curie-Weiss constant,
C.
Two different shapes of ε
c vs T curves are observed and the result is discussed with the help of pyroelectric measurements.
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Kêitsiro Aizu
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
959-964
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
It was found by previous studies that the ferroelectrics are divisible into 25 kinds in accordance with their point groups, space lattices, and types of state transition. With the aid of this result, the ferroelectric phase transition of the paraelectric crystal is investigated in a systematic way. When the point group, and only that, of the paraelectric crystal is specified, a determination is made of the total number of equivalent unique ferroelectric directions, the orientation of one of the equivalent unique ferroelectric directions, the angle between the equivalent unique ferroelectric directions, and the possible kinds of the ferroelectric phase. All of the 32 point groups are taken into consideration as the above point group of the paraelectric crystal. The results are tabulated.
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Yoshiharu Shimomura
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
965-979
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Annealing behaviors of secondary defects in quenched pure aluminum have been studied by electron microscopy. Frank sessile dislocation loops begin to shrink at first among various kinds of secondary defects at about 140°C. Corresponding to low or high shrinking rate, these loops are either hexagonal or roundish. A triangular double layer stacking fault in the double loops grow remarkably during annealing and become hexagonal. Octahedral voids begin to shrink at about 170°C from their edges and corners and become spherical, and disappear by annealing at 220°C for fifteen minutes. The activation energy of this process was estimated to be about 1.3 eV. The type of small loops which can not be determined only from their image are concluded to be Frank sessile. The phenomenon which suggests the existence of short circuit diffusion of vacancies along Frank sessile dislocations has been observed. Some discussions are given on the basis of these experimental results.
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Tomonao Miyadai, Syôhei Miyahara, Yoshiaki Matsuo
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
980-984
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
The ferrimagnetic resonance in a cubic phase single crystal of CuFe
2O
4 was measured with an X-band spectrometer from 77°K to 300°K. At room temperature,
K1⁄
M (the 1’st order cubic anisotropy field) and g
eff (effective g-value) are −172 Oe and 2.09, respectively. At liquid nitrogen temperature, they are −810 Oe and 2.44. The half line width is maximum (85 Oe at RT) around [100] (a hard direction of magnetization).
K1⁄
M extraporated down to 0°K is about −900 Oe and
K1 (0°K) is −9.7×10
−2 cm
−1 per molecule. This value of
K1 (0°K) may be understood as arising from the single ion anisotropy of Fe
3+ due to cubic crystal field splitting, and a value of
aB (Fe
3+) (fine structure constant of Fe
3+ on B-site in cubic crystal field) derived under some assumptions is +2.8×10
−2 cm
−1.
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F. J. Darnell, T. V. Hynes, J. M. Green
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
985-987
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Ferrimagnetic resonance has been studied in Mn
2Sb and Mn
1.96Cr
0.04Sb over the temperature range −200° to 100°C. For applied fields normal to the crystalline anisotropy axis, resonance was observed for two values of field as expected. The data are in agreement with theory both above and below the anisotropy inversion temperature. Spin wave resonance corresponding to the strong intralayer exchange was observed in films.
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Hiroyuki Hattori, Hideo Kuriyama, Takeshi Katagawa, Norio Kato
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
988-996
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Structure factors of Si single crystal were measured absolutely by means of Pendellösung fringes, the method being entirely free from the ambiguity of extinction. The causes of slight but systematic discrepancy recongnized in the previous work (N. Kato and A. R. Lang: Acta cryst.
12 (1959) 787) were elucidated. For eliminating the causes of errors, the section pattern was used.
The structure factors obtained agree well with Göttlicher
et al’s values which were obtained by the usual X-ray method. This implies that the Debye-Waller factor to be used in dynamical diffraction theory should be the same one as the factor adequate to the kinematical theory. The Debye temperature
ΘM for X-ray diffraction is determined to be 538°K. at room temperature.
Based on the structure factors obtained, it is also concluded that a kind of scattering factor
fε of the bonding charge assumed at the middle of the 〈111〉-bond can be represented in the form
fε=0.45exp−13(sinθ⁄λ)
2.
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Tsuyoshi Murao, Atsuko Ebina
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
997-1008
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The formulation of the Faraday rotation in terms of dielectric constants is extended for localized electrons in insulators to include the contribution from the magnetic dipole (MD) transition in addition to the electric dipole (ED) transition. The rotation comprises four different types of terms, each of which is separated into “diamagnetic” and “paramagnetic” terms. Two of the four terms consist of absorption-type curves, and they are absent when only ED or MD transition is considered. These new terms may be important to identify the presence of the MD transition. The ω
2-dependence of the rotation at ω→0 is always proven even though a special consideration is required for the case where the ground state is a Kramers doublet. Two applications are presented; the optical Faraday rotation for rare earth compounds with C
3h local symmetry; the microwave Faraday rotation for a low-lying Kramers doublet. Some typical curves of the dispersion of the rotation are given. The microwave Faraday rotation may be an effective experiment if the line width of the respective transition in the electron paramagnetic resonance is too broad to be observed.
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Mitsuo Satoh
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1008-1022
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Nuclear magnetic resonance of Na nuclei was measured in NaCl crystals containing divalent impurity ions such as Ca
++, Cd
++, Mn
++ and Sr
++, at 14 Mc/sec and in the temperature range between 10°C and 650°C. The spin-lattice relaxation at temperature above ∼400°K was found to be caused by the electric quadrupole interaction of Na nucleus modulated by the lattice diffusion of Na-ion-vacancies, and a minimum in
T1 occured at about 588°K for all samples where the jumping frequency of the vacancy is equal to about 1.66 times the Larmor frequency. Some difference was observed in the temperature dependence of
T1 for Ca
++ and Cd
++ doped crystals and was discussed in connection with the complex diffusion. By analysing the temperature dependence of
T1 for crystals containing Ca
++ impurities with the use of a modified Torrey’s equation, the activation energy for a vacancy jump is obtained to be 0.74 eV. In the case of Cd
++ impurities, the association energy of the complex formation was about 0.4 eV in accordance with the result of the ionc conductivity experiments. Further, the temperature dependence of
T1 above 600°K is discussed in connection with the diffusion of the divalent ion. Also the temperature dependence of the spin-spin relaxation time
T2 was measured, and it was found that the diffusion of Na ion via the vacancy jump is responsible to the motional narrowing of the line width.
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Masayasu Ueta, Takenari Goto, Takehisa Yashiro
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1022-1029
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
Absorption, reflection and luminescence spectra of CuCl crystals and films have been photographed. In addition to the intrinsic absorption of the
n=1 and
n′=1 exciton bands due to the spin orbit splitting, two weak and sharp absorption lines have been found on the longer wavelength tail of the
n=1 exciton band. The
n=1 resonance emission has a shift of 5.5 Å to the lower energy side from the corresponding absorption peak. The
n=1 Stokes emission, measured at 3901 Å in the previous report, has been found at 4°K to consist of an intense sharp line at 3898.4 Å, a little diffuse line at 3890.6 Å and a satellite band of about 10 Å width, which is ascribed to the acoustic phonon emission. The intense and diffuse lines have the exact coincidence with the two sharp absorption lines which may be due to the transitions involving bound excitons.
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Chikako Yamanouchi
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1029-1034
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Measurements of the Hall coefficient and resistivity on antimony- and arsenic-doped germanium samples in the intermediate impurity conduction range have been made employing magnetic fields up to 20 kOe. The Hall coefficient
RH for all the samples investigated increases as the temperature is lowered. In the case of As-doped samples,
RH increases with increasing
H showing a consistency with its temperature dependence. In the case of Sb-doped samples,
RH decreases with increasing
H. This fact suggests that the relation
RH=−1/ne is not satisfactory for the previously proposed
D− band model, and that further refinement on this model is required.
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Hatsujiro Hashimoto, Kenzaburo Marukawa
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1035-1047
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The characteristic fringes appearing in the electron microscopic images of the superposed region of two stacking faults in the two slip planes are discussed by the dynamical theory of electron diffraction. Intensity contour maps of the regions with different thickness and in the different Bragg reflection condition are illustrated. The present calculation suggests that there is a possibility of knowing the natures of stacking faults (intrinsic and extrinsic) from the contrasts of the images.
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Hiroyuki Hattori, Hideo Kuriyama, Norio Kato
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1047-1050
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
A theory of Pendellösung fringes due to the incident beam of an unpolarized spherical wave is presented. The agreement with the observations pertaining to the fading of the fringes is very well. The observed fringe distance
Λ is given by
\frac1
Λ=\frac12(1+cos2θ
B)\frac1
Λ⊥,
where θ
B the Bragg angle and
Λ⊥ is the fringe distance for a plane-polarized spherical wave, the electric vector of which is perpendicular to the plane of reflection. The positions of maxima and minima of the fringes are interchanged before and after the fading position. These results give the theoretical and experimental bases to the new method of determining crystal structure factors (H. Hattori, H. Kuriyama, T. Katagawa and N. Kato: J. Phys. Soc. Japan
20 (1965) 988).
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Katsumi Yonei, Yasuo Tomishima
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1051-1057
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
In order to investigate the validity of the Weizsäcker correction to the Thomas-Fermi theory of the atom, the problem in which the Weizsäcker correction is multiplied by a constant weighting factor λ is solved for the atom neglecting the interactions between electrons completely, in view of the fact that the Weizsäcker term is essentially the correction to the statistical expression of the kinetic energy of electrons.
The energy values thus obtained are compared with the exact quantum mechanical values, and it is shown that the Weizsäcker term is too large in its original form and a weighting factor λ≈1⁄5 (in contrast to the Kirzhnits’ conclusion λ≈1⁄9) is necessary to give a substantial improvement over the Thomas-Fermi solution.
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Kiyoshi Murakawa, Manabu Yamamoto
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1057-1060
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
General formulas for deducing the quadratic Stark effect constant in any alkali atom are derived. The result of numerical calculations for the first resonance lines of alkali atoms (Li I, Na I, K I, Rb I, Cs I and Ca II) and the second resonance lines of Cs I is tabulated.
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Tatsumi Hiramoto
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1061-1072
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The possible nonequilibrium ionization in an MPD generator is theoretically described. A generalized Saha equation is derived and found to be different from that based on the electron temperature, when the electron temperature is slightly higher than the gas temperature. The effective elastic collision loss factor is larger than 2, due to the de-excitational radiation at lower electron temperatures or due to the recombinational radiation at higher temperatures. The theory reasonably explains the current-electric field characteristic and other nonequilibrium characteristics experimentally obtained. The value of the peak in the electric field appearing in the above characteristic is determined; this peak does not appear in the atmospheric helium seeded with cesium, at gas temperatures ≥1500°K or at initial electron densities \gtrsim10
16 m
3. It is given why the nonequilibrium ionization is not produced when the generators are operated at low gas temperature.
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Akira Hasegawa
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1072-1079
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Resistive type instabilities in semiconductor plasmas with μ
e>>μ
h are studied in the microwave frequency range for the cases of
B0||
k and
B0⊥
k. Instabilities are created by the slower waves (in the drifting electrons) that interact with the resistive holes. It is shown that the growing wave due to the instabilities starts to appear at a frequency well below the electron-lattice collision frequency ν
e in both of the above cases-typically one tenth to one hundredth of ν
e. The more specific conditions are given in the text.
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M. Venugopalan
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1080-1084
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The photosensitive nature of the low frequency electric discharge with 50 cycle potentials in halogens enclosed in glass vessels is studied. The larger the quantum energy of the photon or the shorter the wave-length of the radiation used for irradiating the system, the lower is the potential at which the discharge could be initiated. The photovariation,
Δi, of the discharge current,
i, flowing through the system is a linear function of the frequency of the external radiation; it is also dependent on the applied field and is associated primarily with the electrode regions.
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H. Arend, K. Suk, J. Novák
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1085
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Koreo Kinosita, Hideshi Yokota
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1086
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Takanori Tomita
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1087
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Tetsu Miyamoto, Shigeo Hamada, Haruyuki Ohnishi
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1088
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Saburo Mori, Hiromu Sasaki
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1089
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Susumu Takeda, Akimasa Funahashi
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1090
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Sucki Be, Fumiaki Enokubo, Shigeo Mikoshiba, Yoshiei Nakano
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1091
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Wataru Sasaki, Mitsuko Nakamura
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1092
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/05/29
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Masahiro Nagasawa, Shigeo Shionoya, Shoji Makishima
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1093
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
-
Kiyoshi Murakawa
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1094
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
-
K. C. Bagchi
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1095
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Tatsuo Shimizu
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1096-1097
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Hisashi Nara
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1097
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
-
R. A. Bonham
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1098-1099
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
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Shigeru Okuro, Masayoshi Azuma
1965 年 20 巻 6 号 p.
1099
発行日: 1965/06/05
公開日: 2007/06/01
ジャーナル
認証あり