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Kenzo Sugimoto, Akira Mizobuchi, Kozi Nakai, Kozi Matuda
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
213-221
Published: February 05, 1966
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The nuclear magnetic resonance of F
17 (
T1⁄2=66 sec) has been observed using the polarization of recoil nuclei produced by the reaction O
16 (
d,
n) F
17 and the β-decay anisotropy as the indicator of the polarization. The accomplishment of the experiment was essentially due to the persistence of the polarization by specific experimental methods,
i.e., the use of a strong magnetic field (\gtrsim5 kG) in the direction of polarization and the use of pure CaF
2 crystals as the stopping material of recoil ions. The observed asymmetry of β-counting was about 2% and a spin relaxation time
T1 comparable to the half-life of F
17 was observed. The value obtained of the magnetic moment of F
17 is μ=4.7224±0.0012 nm with the diamagnetic correction.
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Tetsutaro Iizuka, Shuichi Iida
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
222-231
Published: February 05, 1966
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A detailed study of the magnetic anisotropy of a Co
1.1Fe
1.9O
4 single crystal at 77°K revealed that, after cooling in a magnetic field, a relatively small uniaxial anisotropy is superposed on the large cubic anisotropy (K
1 and K
2). Rotational hysteresis is present at 77°K which is explained in terms of the irreversible wall displacement and the relaxing anisotropy energy. The presence of large rotational hysteresis in polycrystalline specimens CoFe
2O
4∼Co
3O
4 is also shown and is explained on this basis. Preliminary data on the relaxation time of the phenomenon are presented. All the data are consistent with the mechanism presented by Mizushima, which assumes the electron diffusion between Co
2+ and Co
3+ions. Data in the series Fe
1−2xNi
2xCo
2O
4 are also presented. Suggestions are made that the rotational hystereses observed in Co
2Ba
2Fe
12O
22 and BaCo
δTi
δFe
12−2δO
18 at low temperatures are caused by the same mechanism.
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Gen Matsumoto, Takeo Satoh, Shuichi Iida
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
231-237
Published: February 05, 1966
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Free oscillations, switching and ferromagnetic resonance of Permalloy thin films are measured changing, for each film, various parameters including temperature. It is shown that the damping factor λ in the free oscillations of Permalloy thin film is composed of three parts as
λ=λ
in+λ
edd+kH
y,
where λ
in is due to the intrinsic damping plus the damping from the anisotropy dispersion, λ
edd due to the eddy current damping, which is represeted as 1.0×10
17d
2 (cps) as a function of the thickness d, and kH
y due to the high power effect probably caused by the increased excitation of the spin wave modes. In the last term H
y is the amplitude of the applied pulse field and k is a constant which depends on the film thickness. The value of λ
in is about 1.05×10
8 (cps) and is in good agreement with the minimum value of λ ever obtained for Permalloy films by various measurements.
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Yoshio Tawara
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
237-243
Published: February 05, 1966
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Magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants of Fe
5Ge
3 were determined as
K1=−5.1×10
6erg/cm
3, |
K3|=1.2×10
2erg/cm
3 for room temperature and
K1=−8.4×10
6erg/cm
3, |
K3|=1.6×10
2erg/cm
3 for liquid nitrogen temperature by means of torque measurements. The temperature dependence of
K1 can be well interpreted by a one ion anisotropy model based on the Kanematsu’s spin scheme and the molecular field approximation. Magnetostriction of the crystal at room temperature was studied by using strain gauges. Magnetostriction constants were determined as λ(001,100)=−20×10
−6, λ(001,001)=32×10
−6 and λ(010,100)=6.7×10
−6. These values are qualitatively consistent with the one ion anisotropy model.
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Shoichi Mase
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
243-254
Published: February 05, 1966
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The observability of the quantum oscillation (Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation) in optical absorption and microwave absorption in metals or semimetals in the normal skin effect region is investigated for typical cases of relative directions of magnetic field and wave propagation. The unobservably small or observable but small quantum oscillation in most existing experimental results is reasonably understood from this study, while the existence of greatly enhanced quantum oscillation in both longitudinal and transverse magnetoreflections at the plasma reflection edge is predicted. Further it is also predicted that this purely quantum oscillation at the plasma edge should appear in Faraday rotation and Voigt phase shift with great amplitude.
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Haruo Saji, Tokio Yamadaya, Mitsuru Asanuma
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
255-261
Published: February 05, 1966
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The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of Be
9 has been investigated with several beryllium-Laves phase intermetallic compounds TiBe
2, CrBe
2, MnBe
2 and CuBe
2 at various temperatures from 77°K to 300°K. The Knight shift of Be
9 resonance was found to be constant: (∼−0.01%) in CrBe
2 and (∼−0.06%) in MnBe
2 at all temperatures. In TiBe
2 the shift of Be
9 resonance depends on temperature, and varies from (−0.08%) to (−0.04%) in the temperature range from 77°K to 300°K.
The NMR of Mn
55 in MnBe
2 and Ti
47+Ti
49 in TiBe
2 have also been observed. The shift of Mn
55 resonance was (∼−0.8%), which was temperature independent, while that of Ti
47+Ti
49 varied from (∼−0.5%) to (∼+0.07%) in the temperature range from 77°K to 300°K.
As for Ti
47+Ti
49 resonance, the relation between the Knight shift (K) and the susceptibility (χ) is linear. From the K
vs. χ curve the apparent hyperfine field can be estimated at 27Koe/spin. This small value of hyperfine field may be considered to have resulted from a mixture of
s character into the
d wave functions. A simple band mode is proposed to account for the NMR properties of these compounds.
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Midori Tanaka, Tetsuzi Tokoro, Yoshimichi Aiyama
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
262-267
Published: February 05, 1966
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Mössbauer spectra of FeCr
2O
4 and FeV
2O
4, which undergo the cubic-to-tetragonal transition at 135°K and 140°K respectively, have been measured in the temperature range from liquid nitrogen to room temperature. Quadropole splittings have been observed even above the distortion temperature. Each line of the Mössbauer spectra becomes broadest at the transition temperature. These temperature dependence of the Mössbauer spectra can be explained qualitatively on the basis of the simple model of a motional narrowing phenomenon.
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Takeshi Takeda, Akinori Watanabe
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
267-274
Published: February 05, 1966
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Electron spin resonances of reduced BaTiO
3 were observed in X band at 77°K and 55°K. The paramagnetic centers in the crystals reduced at temperatures between 650°C and 1000°C have three equivalent sites, each of which shows tetragonal symmetry. The
g tensor is axial symmetric:
g⁄⁄=1,930 and
g⊥=1,911. Spin-lattice relaxation time is of the order of 10
−6 s at 55°K. Resonance of impurity Pt
3+ disappears in the crystals reduced at above 650°C. These facts indicate that the center observed is an F-center surrounded by two Ti
4+ and four Ba
2+ ions. Another kind of complex centers appear in the crystals reduced at 1100°C. The origin of these centers, however, has not been analyzed yet. With the crystals reduced at 1300°C, the two kinds of centers mentioned above completely vanish. This is due to purge of electron traps.
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Kazuko Sekizawa, Ko Yasukochi
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
274-278
Published: February 05, 1966
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Magnetic properties of disilicides of Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er have been investigated at temperatures ranging from 4.2°K to room temperature. All the disilicides except ErSi
2 have the orthorhombic ThSi
2 type of crystal structure and are shown to be antiferromagnetic. The Néel temperatures of GdSi
2, TbSi
2, DySi
2, and HoSi
2 are 27°K, 17°K, 17°K, and 18°K, respectively. The compound ErSi
2 has the hexagonal AlB
2 type of crystal structure and is paramagnetic at above 4.2°K. The paramagnetic Curie temperature of these compounds decreases with the number of
f electrons of the rare earth ion.
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Atsushi Katsuki, Masao Shimizu
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
279-286
Published: February 05, 1966
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The temperature variations of electronic specific heats and spin paramagnetic susceptibilities without molecular field are calculated for Hf, Ta, W and Re metals and their alloys by making use of the density of states determined from low temperature specific heat data for 5d-group transition metals and their alloys. Calculated results qualitatively explain the temperature variations of the estimated electronic specific heats for these metals. By comparing the calculated results of spin paramagnetic susceptibilities with the experimental data on magnetic susceptibilities, the values of molecular field coefficient, α, and additional constant paramagnetic susceptibility, χ
c, are estimated for these metals and alloys, and the composition dependence of χ
c is shown. A brief discussion on the NMR shift for Ta and W metals is given.
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T. Kasuya, D. H. Lyons
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
287-307
Published: February 05, 1966
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General treatment of the s-f anisotropic exchange interaction is given based on the formulation of Kaplan and Lyons. The free electron model is assumed, and the results given as an expansion in
kf\bar
rf. Various types of induced f-f interactions are also obtained as an expansion in
kf\bar
rf. The range of these f-f interactions is shown to increase with the order. The contribution to the electrical resistivity is also given together with the contribution from screened multipole scattering. Qualitative comparison with actual rare earth metals may be made by using a more realistic band model.
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Hatsuo Kimura, Atsushi Katsuki, Masao Shimizu
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
307-312
Published: February 05, 1966
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By making use of a new experimental fact that the number of electrons in the 5
s-band or the number of holes in the 4
d-band is 0.36 per atom for Pd metal, the composition dependence of the magnetization of Pd–Fe and Pd–Co alloys is discussed, and residual electric resistivities for Ni–Pd alloys are calculated. Using the density of states curve which has been determined. from the low temperature specific heat data and modified by taking account of this new fact, the temperature dependence of the electronic specific heat and the paramagnetic susceptibility of Pd metal is calculated. The new value of the number of holes or electrons can give better interpretation of the experimental results than the value 0.6 per atom, which has so far been believed to be most probable.
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Sonoko Tsukahara, Hisazo Kawakatsu
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
313-325
Published: February 05, 1966
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Crystal grains and domain patterns of Ni–Fe alloy films which were condensed on cleaved surfaces of heated NaCl in a vacuum of 5×10
−5 torr were studied by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Magnetic anisotropy was also measured by a torque magnetometer for thin films. The substrate temperature was varied between room temperature and 600°C. The films obtained range from polycrystal to nearly perfect single crystals. The degree of perfection of the crystal is classified into several types. The magnetic domain patterns and crystal anisotropies of the films depend on the composition and also on the degree of perfection of the films. Polycrystalline films are, in general, found to consist of domains of irregular shapes with curved walls and ripple structure within the domains. In good epitaxial films, however, the domains have a regular cross-hatched shape and when the films are magnetized parallel to one of the crystal anisotropy axes, the films are composed of linear domain walls almost without any ripple. Ni films, which have a large magnetostriction are apt to be influenced by internal and external stresses, which affect the domain pattern and the torque curve. Even for good epitaxial Ni films the stress induced anisotropy is often superior to the crystal anisotropy.
The measured values of crystal anisotropy constant
K1 of good epitaxially grown films of Ni–Fe alloys agree with those of the bulk materials, but, in pure Ni and pure Fe films, they are 1.5–2 times as large as the bulk values.
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Y. H. Ohtsuki, S. Yanagawa
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
326-335
Published: February 05, 1966
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A quantum field theoretical method is applied to the dynamical theory of electron diffraction. It is shown by making use of a Green function which has been developed in the field of many body problems that the dispersion equation and the absorption coefficient of the dynamical theory can be obtained from the calculation of the pole of the Green function. The effective Hamiltonian which is used for the calculation of the Green function is derived by a diagram method of the Green function. The amplitude ratios of diffracted waves are given by the ratios of Fourier components of the Green function.
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Makoto Shiojiri
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
335-345
Published: February 05, 1966
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An electron microscopy and electron diffraction study was made on the structure of vacuum-deposited films of titanium dioxide. The films were amorphous when they were deposited on rocksalt at room temperature. When irradiated by an intense electron beam, the amorphous films crystallized in anatase and rutile forms. The rutile crystallities were small granules, whereas the anatase crystals grew to occupy larger areas of several microns in linear dimension. The difference in structure of the crystallized films seemed to be originated in the intrinsic properties of the amorphous films. The generation of dislocations which constituted small angle grain boundaries was observed in growing anatase crystals. In these crystals, twins were formed on the {112} planes and dislocations were also observed in the individual grains.
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Shozo Ino
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
346-362
Published: February 05, 1966
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The orientation and structure of gold particles formed by evaporation on rocksalt cleaved in ultrahigh vacuum have been studied at various stages of the nucleation and growth process. Besides four 200 and twenty-four 220 spots which indicate the presence of the (001) orientation and (111) orientation respectively, twenty-four abnormal 111 spots have been observed in electron diffraction patterns taken at earlier stages of growth, and various unusual contrasts have been observed in dark field electron micrographs using one of 111 spots. A multiply twinned particle model is proposed by the present author, and the appearance of the 111 spots and the dark field image contrasts can satisfactorily be explained by this model. With increasing thickness particles with the (111) orientation and without the multiple twinning exclusively grow up, while multiply twinned particles and those with the (001) orientation seem to stop their growth; and a continuous gold film with the (111) fibrous structure is formed at a thickness of about 500 Å.
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Shizuo Miyake, Kazunobu Hayakawa
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
363-378
Published: February 05, 1966
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By making use of a new slow-electron diffraction apparatus of display type which is provided with the freedom of changing the glancing and azimuthal angles of the crystal and enables the pattern observation over a wide range of scattering angle by using cylindrical accelerating grids and fluorescent screen, the general feature of diffraction patterns from the cleavage surface of zincblende is studied with electrons in the energy range from 90 V to 500 V.
A number of diffraction effects which are to be ascribed to the interactions among simultaneously excited reflexions are revealed. Since it would undoubtedly be necessary to use the dynamical theory of diffraction for explaining them, the way of approach to the slow electron diffraction phenomena with this theory and also the speciality of this theory for slow electrons are discussed from a general point of view, referring to observation of the high-energy electron diffraction from the same crystal surface. In particular, the conception of the penetration depth and the absorption effect of slow electrons in the crystal are critically discussed.
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Taro Sometani, Kenzo Yamamoto
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
379-384
Published: February 05, 1966
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The minimum-
B field is calculated in series or characteristic functions of Laplace’s equation. It is shown that a magnetic field can be realized if the current is so distributed that the terms of higher orders in the field components are cancelled out while those of lower orders are reserved. Such current distribution can be approximately realized by using suitable a combination of current carrying conductors.
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Tsunehiko Kakutani
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
385-391
Published: February 05, 1966
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Non-linear hydromagnetic waves propagating along a uniform magnetic field in a cold collision-free plasma are dealt with. It is assumed that the plasma is fully ionized and quasi-neutral, and that the loop-motion of the plasma particles does not occur.
The solutions of the problem are divided into two classes according as
l is equal to zero or not, where
l is a parameter relating to the angular momentum flux carried by the plasma particles in the direction of the uniform magnetic field. In both cases, exact solutions representing wave-trains can be obtained in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions. In particular, the first class (
l=0) includes an isolated pulse solution as a special case.
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Seizo Toyotomi, Yoshikazu Sugiura
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
392
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Hiroshi Yasuoka
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
393
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Mitsuo Kawabe, Kohzoh Masuda, Jiro Yamaguchi, Yoshinobu Aoyagi
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
394
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Takeo Miyata, Tetsuhiko Tomiki
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
395
Published: February 05, 1966
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Yoshiharu Shimomura, Yoshinori Manmoto, Sho Yoshida
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
396
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Kazumi Horai, Kunio Saiki
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
397
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Sadao Hattori, Nobuyoshi Nagata
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
398
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Tosiaki Koikeda, Soshin Chikazumi
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
399
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Setsuo Kajiwara, Hiroshi Fujita
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
400
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Shuichi Iida, Koichi Mizushima
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
401-402
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Yasushi Kamo, Shu Chiba
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
402
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Tetsuhiko Tomiki
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
403-404
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Atsushi Iga, Yoshio Tawara, Akira Yanase
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
404
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Koichi Yaguchi
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
405A
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Yoshio Oka, Atsushi Kikuchi, Toshio Mori, Etsuro Sawaguchi
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
405B-406B
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Koji Kamada
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
406-407
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Kazuo Yamagata, Hidetaro Abe
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
408-409
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Tetsuhiko Tomiki
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
409-410
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Hiroshi Morisaki, Yoshio Inuishi
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
411A
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Akira Ishida, Chihiro Hamaguchi, Yoshio Inuishi
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
411B
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Masaru Mita
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
411C
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Eijiro Haga, Hiroaki Okamoto
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
411D
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Takejiro Kaneko, Shunya Abe
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
412A
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Shinya Wakoh
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
412B
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Shizuka Yoshii, Hisao Katsuraki
1966 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages
412C
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