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Itaru Nonaka, Takashi Mikumo, Masahiro Koike, Kazuhisa Matsuda, Arata ...
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
949-959
Published: April 05, 1967
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Studies on excitation functions and angular distributions of alpha-particles emitted by the reaction
15N(
p, α)
12C have been performed in the energy range of protons from 6.70 to 15.16 MeV. Excitation functions at 60°, 90°, 120° and 150° were measured in steps of 100 keV. Angular distributions of alpha-particles associated with the ground and the first excited states of
12C were also measured in steps of 400 keV (200 keV when necessary). Many sharp or broad peaks were found in the excitation curves. The shapes of the angular distributions depend sensitively on the incident proton energy.
Analysis of these results according to the cross section fluctuation theory by Fricson shows that the proportion of direct reaction is large for this reaction.
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E. Bashandy, S. G. Hanna, A. Abd El-Haliem
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
960-971
Published: April 05, 1967
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The internal conversion and photoelectron spectra associated with the decay of
143Ce to
143Pr have been studied using high resolution double focussing beta-ray spectrometers. In addition to gamma rays previously reported five new gamma-rays have been observed. A decay scheme involving
q excited levels is suggested for
143Pr. The gamma-ray intensities were determined by photoelectron experiments. The internal K-conversion coefficients of all the transitions above 200 keV following the decay of
143Ce have been determined absolutely by the method of comparing internal and external conversion lines. Multipolarity data, obtained from the absolute or ratio measurements of conversion coefficients, were utilized for assigning possible spins and parities to the levels of
143Pr. The experimental level structure of
143Pr is compared with the theoretical predictions.
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Mitio Inokuti
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
971-973
Published: April 05, 1967
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An approximation, recently devised by Ochkur to take into account exchange effect in scattering of fast electrons by an atom, is applied to excitation of the 2
s and 2
p levels of the hydrogen atom. The resulting cross sections are fairly close to the presently most reliable results of a close-coupling treatment.
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Ryuzo Koyama
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
973-979
Published: April 05, 1967
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The excluded volume effect on the radius of gyration of chain polymers is calculated, by assuming an approximate form for the distribution function of radius of gyration and an expression for the molecular volume for randomly coiling molecule.
The result calculated for the expansion coefficient α of the radius of gyration can be written in the form:
α
4−α
2=
c·
z·
g(α),
g(α)=(α
2+3)⁄4α
where
z is the interaction parameter of segments, and
c is an adjustable constant. This equation shows that when α is not so large compared with unity, the value of α
4−α
2 is nearly proportional to
z. The adjustable constant
c is put to be 134/105 so as to make the result coincide with that of the first order perturbation theory for very small |
z|. Also when an allowable small correction is added to
g(α), one can obtain a complete coincidence with the second order perturbation theory recently published (cf. ref. 8).
The assumed molecular volume function is examined by comparing its values with the numerical data obtained by the Monte Carlo calculations, and its validity is confirmed.
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Yutaka Takagi, Kazuo Gesi
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
979-986
Published: April 05, 1967
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Temperature dependence of the dielectric constant and the
d.c. electrical resistivity of single crystals of NaNO
2 were measured in the vicinity of the ferroelectric Curie point under precise control of temperature. Anomalies in the dielectric constant ε
22 and the resistivity ρ
22 are seen at 163.8°C (the Curie point of ferroelectric-to-sinusoidal phase transition), at 165.0°C (the Néel point of sinusoidal-to-paraelectric phase transition) and at about 178°C. The reciprocal of the dielectric constant 1/ε
22 is not linear against the temperature in the paraelectric phase just above the Néel point but is proportional to (
T⁄θ
0−1)
γ together with θ
0=431.6K and γ=1.75. A phenomenological description of the dielectric constant and the effect of the short range order are briefly discussed.
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Eijiro Haga, Tsuyoshi Aisaka
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
987-996
Published: April 05, 1967
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The intrabant absorption of light for aluminium, sodium and potassium is calculated quantum-mechanically, starting from the current correlation formula. The results obtained are compared with both experimental data and the Drude’s formula. With regard to the electron-phonon coupling constant, the one found by the pseudo-potential method is used for aluminium and the Bardeen’s formula for sodium and potassium. The contribution from the Umklapp processes is estimated as exactly as possible, extending the Ziman’s treatment to the present case. The results obtained for aluminium and sodium are in good agreement with experimental data. The frequency dependence given by the theory agrees well with that by the Drude’s theory for the three metals. It is found that the contribution from the Umklapp processes is very large compared to that from the normal processes.
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Akiyoshi Yoshikawa, Masa-aki Okamoto
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
996-1004
Published: April 05, 1967
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Recovery of zone refined iron deformed at −196°C was studied over the temperature range from −196° to 280°C by the measurements of electrical resistivity. The concentration of carbon and nitrogen contained in the iron was not more than 1 ppm.
Eight stages of recovery were observed in the temperature range from −196° to 80°C. Three of them were predominant; the first stage is below −180°C with the activation energy of 0.15 eV and the order of reaction γ of 1.9, the second one around −160°C with the activation energy 0.2∼0.3 eV and γ of 4.2, and the third one around 50°C with the activation energy of 1.2 eV and γ of 3.1∼3.4. Then a continuous recovery followed above 80°C. It is concluded that the stage below −180°C was caused by the annihilation of di-interstitials and the stage around −160°C by the migration of single interstitials to dislocations. The stage around 50°C seems to be caused not only by interstitial impurities but also by deformation-produced defects, probably vacancies.
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Masamitsu Hirai, Tomochika Matsuyama
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1005-1015
Published: April 05, 1967
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The composition and decomposition of
M centers in additively colored KCl crystals have been examined by the thermal procedures. When a crystal is kept at a temperature between 320°K and 480°K after quenching from about 870°K or after
F light irradiation at room temperature, to produce excess
M centers, the growth or bleaching of the
M band is found to proceed in accordance with a bimolecular reaction, by which the
F2 model of the
M center is supported. From the rate constant of the reaction the mean activation energies for the jump of an
F center and for the dissociation of an
M center are obtained as 0.94 ev and 1.11 ev, respectively. The binding energy of an
M center is estimated as 0.18 ev from the mean value of those obtained from the temperature dependence of the thermal equilibrium constant for
F\
ightleftarrows
M and from the difference between the dissociation energy of an
M center and the jump energy of an
F center.
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Kazuhiko Izui
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1015-1024
Published: April 05, 1967
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The limits of validity of some approximations for the problem of collisions between fission fragments and lattice atoms in aluminium, gold and uranium are determined on the basis of Bohr’s criteria. The Rutherford approximation is found to be valid for the wide range of energies of fission fragments. Numerical calculations are made of the mean free paths of fission fragments for producing high energy knock-ons and the energy distributions of high energy primary knock-ons. Results for the degradation of energies from the initial values near 100 MeV to ∼1 or ∼0.1 MeV are presented.
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Soitiro Tosima
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1025-1031
Published: April 05, 1967
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The spatial dependence of the impact ionization in
n-InSb was investigated and a current-controlled negative resistance was observed near the cathode of the sample undergoing impact ionization. The critical electric field for the negative resistance was the same as that of the impact ionization. The negative resistance has been explained theoretically as the result of the double injection of holes and hot electrons into the region near the cathode from the impact ionization region and the cathode respectively. When the injection is strong enough, this process allows the existence of a low field (negative resistance) region over a distance from the cathode much greater than the diffusion length.
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Kenji Gamo, Kohzoh Masuda, Jiro Yamaguchi
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1031-1036
Published: April 05, 1967
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The dependence of conduction on the concentration of Benzene contained in DPPH recrystallized from a benzene solution is reported. The concentration is varied by heat treatment of as-grown single crystals at about 63°C.
The conductivity of a single crystal which contains one benzene molecule per DPPH molecule is 1.6×10
10 Ω−1cm
−1. The conductivity decreases with decreasing concentration of benzene. The activation energy increases in such a way that the decrease in conductivity can be attributed to the increase in activation energy. This correlation between the activation energy and the conductivity is explained by the polarization effect of benzene by assuming that the activation energy can be expressed as
E=
I−
A−2
P, where
I,
A, and
P are the ionization energy, the electron affinity, and the polarization energy, respectively.
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Shozo Ikeda, Tomoyuki Takeuchi
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1036-1041
Published: April 05, 1967
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The effect of pre-strain on the twinning stress was observed on iron single crystals which were pre-strained at room temperature or −78°C and immediately extended at −196°C. The twinning stress at −196°C decreased with small amounts of pre-strain at both temperature. Under the pre-strain at −78°C, the twinning stress had a minimum value around 0.6 per cent of pre-strain and it increased at larger pre-strain. The maximum decrease of twinning stress by pre-strain was larger in the specimens pre-strained at −78°C. The cause for the decrease of twinning stress by small amounts of pre-strain was considered to be due to inhomogeneity of plastic strain in the pre-strained crystals, which provides stress concentrations in the specimen under the extension at low temperature.
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Shigeru Tamaki, Sakae Takeuchi
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1042-1045
Published: April 05, 1967
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The variation with temperature of paramagnetic susceptibilities of several alloys of In–Mn, Sn–Mn, Sb–Mn and Bi–Mn systems in their liquid states has been investigated. It obeys a Curie law in the range of temperature up to 1000°C for compositions less than about 15 atomic percent manganese. The Bohr magneton numbers derived from the experiment lie between 4.5 and 5.2, and their dependence on manganese concentration is discussed.
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Yoshika Masuda, Toshihiko Taki
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1045-1048
Published: April 05, 1967
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Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on Mn
55 in α-Mn metal and Mn–Cr alloys which have an α-Mn phase in the temperature range around the Néel transition point, have been made by a pulse method. Nuclear spin-spin relaxation time
T2 has shown discontinuity at the Néel temperature,
TN. The
T2 values are well proportional to (
TN−
T)
1⁄3 in antiferromagnetic state and to (
T−
TN)
2⁄3 in paramagnetic state. The measured values of
TN in α-Mn metal, Mn- 1 at.% Cr, and Mn- 2 at.% Cr alloys determined by nuclear magnetic resonance method are 95.0±1.0°K, 81.6±1.0°K, and 72.3±0.5°K, respectively. Mn- 5 at.% Cr alloy did not show an antiferromagnetic behaviour even at 4.2°K.
TN decreases with Cr content, but increases with Fe content. These results suggest that the rigid-band model is a good approximation for these metal alloy systems.
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Teruhiko Hoshina
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1049-1059
Published: April 05, 1967
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ESR measurement has been carried out at
X-band on isolated Fe
3+ (3d
5,
6S) in CdSe. The spin Hamiltonian parameters for Fe
3+ are estimated at 1.5°K as follows:
g=2.043±0.002,
a=(103±5)×10
−4 cm
−1,
D=(602±3)×10
−4 cm
−1, and
F=(−11±5)×10
−4 cm
−1. The influence of charge transfer from Fe
3+ to the surrounding ligands upon these parameters is discussed.
Change of the valency of iron impurities caused by illumination is studied through the change of the intensity of Fe
3+ ESR signal. Following processes are elucidated. Light of 0.8 to 1.1 μ excites holes from Fe
3+ to the surrounding Se
2− ions; the excited holes are liberated thermally into the valence band. Light of about 7.4 μ excites electrons from Fe
2+ to the conduction band. Light of around 1.8 μ liberates holes from cadmium vacancies; a part of the liberated holes migrates through the valence band to Fe
2+. Fe
3+ captures electrons from the conduction band, viz, acts as a recombination center for electrons.
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Takao Wada, Teruyoshi Mizutani, Masataka Hirose, Tetsuya Arizumi
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1060-1065
Published: April 05, 1967
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The annealing of the paramagnetic defects, which are created near the surface of silicon when it is crushed into powder, was investigated by measuring the paramagnetic resonance signal strength. The centers are annealed in two stages; one is at lower temperatures below 400°C. Through this stage the paramagnetic center is annealed with the activation energy 1.4 eV, in agreement with that for annealing of Si-A centers in an irradiated Si (pulled). The Si-A centers are formed by the capture of an oxygen atom (or ion) adsorbed on the surface in a vacancy introduced by mechanical damage in the same way as the case of the irradiated Si. This type of center is destroyed by diffusion of an oxygen atom into Si and forming an O
2-vacancy during the heat treatment below 400°C. The annealing behaviour of the paramagnetic centers at higher temperatures is found to resemble that in the irradiated Si due to the formation of an O
3-vacancy complex, which is formed by the successive diffusion of an oxygen atom adsorbed on the surface.
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Taro Sometani, Kenzo Yamamoto
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1065-1069
Published: April 05, 1967
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An arrangement of current conductors producing the min. \barB field of the periodic multipole type is given. If the current conductors are suitably arranged on some cylindrical surfaces with radii small compared with an axial pitch, the deviation of field lines from the axis can be kept so small that the by-axial calculation of the field components is allowed.
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Fujio Shimizu
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1070-1077
Published: April 05, 1967
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The susceptibilities for the optical Kerr effect which was induced by the
Q-switched laser field were measured in several liquids. When the laser beam is linearly polarized, little dispersion is observed in the difference
n⁄⁄−
n⊥ of the refractive indexes between parallel and perpendicular polarizations for the wave length range of 5200 Å∼4200 Å. When the laser beam is circularly polarized, the difference between right and left circular polarizations is about 1/400 of
n⁄⁄−
n⊥ for CS
2. Those values for C
6H
6, CCl
4 and acetone are found to be smaller than the present limits of experimental accuracies.
Theoretical considerations for the susceptibility of fourth rank tensor which contributes to the change in the complex refractive index induced by the strong optical field are also presented.
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P. L. Bhatnagar, Renuka Rajagopalan, R. K. Bhatnagar
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1077-1086
Published: April 05, 1967
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The paper investigates the secondary flow induced in an Oldroyd fluid, contained between two concentric spheres due to the rotational oscillations of the spheres about a fixed axis. The secondary motion consists of a steady velocity distribution as well as a periodic motion with twice the frequency of the primary. The steady part of this flow is studied in detail for three cases, namely (i) the outer sphere at rest and the inner oscillating, (ii) the two spheres oscillating with the same angular amplitude in the same sense and (iii) the two spheres oscillating with the same angular amplitude but in opposite senses. We notice that the secondary flow is strongly dependent on the frequency of oscillation and also on the rotational nature of the motion of the spheres.
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Hiroshi Yoshimoto, Yoshihiko Yamashita
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1087-1093
Published: April 05, 1967
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In order to make clear the wave nature of moving striations, the dispersion relations have been measured in rare gases, mercury-rare gases, and hydrogen gas by modulating the discharge current at an adequate audio-frequency signals, and the experimental formula of dispersion relation has been deduced. In case of the “positive” moving striations the dispersion curve in ω-
k frame is approximated by a hyperbolic one, while in case of the “negative” moving striations by a straight line. Generally the dispersion curve depends on the discharge current used, and in the positive moving striations there are two different types of the dependence on current: one is called “rare gas type” and the other “mercury-rare gas type”. The group velocity expected from the experimental formula of dispersion relation is ascertained to coincide with the velocity of “wavepacket” excited artificially.
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M. Emin Erdogan
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1093-1101
Published: April 05, 1967
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When a solute subject to molecular diffusion is convected by fluid in laminar flow through a tube it spreads out longitudinally and the mean cross-sectional concentration satisfies a diffusion equation, for large times, relative to a frame which moves at the mean speed of the flow. This fact leads to the definition of longitudinal diffusion coefficient. The present paper gives an expression for this coefficient in the case of a curved pipe. It is shown that in a curved pipe there is less longitudinal dispersion because of the increased lateral mixing due to the secondary flow.
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Shoichi Wakiya
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1101-1109
Published: April 05, 1967
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Dean and O’Neill’s solution referred to bi-spherical coordinates for the slow motion of a viscous fluid is extended to the general flow with plane symmetry around two spherical obstacles. In particular, the case of two spheres of equal diameter is discussed in detail. The result is first applied to the fluid motion caused by the spheres moving vertically to their line of centres. The drag and couple if the spheres are prevented to rotate, or the drag and angular velocity if they are free to rotate, experienced by each sphere are numerically evaluated and compared with values calculated from corresponding approximate formulae known before. The application is also attempted to the spheres in laminar shear flow.
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M. Pancholy, T. K. Saksena
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1110-1114
Published: April 05, 1967
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Ultrasonic absorption has been measured in quaternary systems of ethyl alcohol-acetic acid-ethyl acetate and water mixtures at various compositions, taken to represent different stages of the reaction
(
Remark: Graphics omitted.),
including the ideal post equilibrium stage assuming a complete esterification. Similar studies have been made in methyl alcohol-acetic acid-methyl acetate-water system and ethyl alcohol-butyric acid-ethyl butyrate-water system. It is observed in each case that the absorption coefficient is minimum at the equilibrium composition.
Using the absorption coefficient data so obtained the rate of esterification reaction has been computed and it is shown that the equilibrium constant of the reaction can be thus determined.
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Kiyoshi Kume, Tomonori Zempo
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1115
Published: April 05, 1967
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Kiyoshi Kume
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1116
Published: April 05, 1967
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Masao Tomura, Eiji Ishiguro, Noboru Mataga
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1117
Published: April 05, 1967
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Koichi Matsuura, Noriaki Itoh, Tokuo Suita
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1118
Published: April 05, 1967
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Kohji Itoh
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1119
Published: April 05, 1967
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Akihiro Tsutsumi, Kunio Hikichi, Michinori Mitsumaki, Motozo Kaneko, J ...
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1120
Published: April 05, 1967
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Ken Suto, Masaharu Aoki, Masanori Nakada, Sumiaki Ibuki
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1121-1122
Published: April 05, 1967
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Mitsuru Suzuki
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1122
Published: April 05, 1967
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Takenari Goto, Masayasu Ueta
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1123-1124
Published: April 05, 1967
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Yasutaka Suemune
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1125B
Published: April 05, 1967
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Ken Suto, Masaharu Aoki
1967 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
1125A
Published: April 05, 1967
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