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Yoshio Yamaguchi
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1605-1607
Published: December 05, 1971
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A possibility of
P- and
T-violating but
C=
PT conserving strong interactions is discussed. It is pointed out that there exist strong interaction models in which
P and
T are reasonably well satisfied at low momentum transfer regions while they are violated in large momentum transfer phenomena. (Another possibility is given by
C- and
T-violating but
P=
CT invariant strong interactions.) The two pion decay of the long-lived neutral kaon can naturally be interpreted as the clash between
C (or
P) conserving strong interactions and
T invariant weak couplings.
This type of strong interaction model can naturally be formulated on the basis of Schwinger’s dyon theory. In is suggested that the mass of dyons (dualy charged particles) is roughly fifteen times nucleon mass.
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Tetsuo Nakajima
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1608-1611
Published: December 05, 1971
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A way of discussing the mass and volume dependences of the electron-electron interaction is proposed for superconductors based upon the empirical relations between the isotope effect including the volume change in isotopes and the volume effect of the superconducting transition temperature.
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Yoshinori Takahashi, Masao Shimizu
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1612-1619
Published: December 05, 1971
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By using the general formula obtained by Hebborn and Sondheimer, the orbital magnetic susceptibility is numerically calculated in the tight-binding approximation of a single band for simple cubic, f.c.c and b.c.c structures. The susceptibility is calculated as a function of the number of electrons per atom and of the temperature. It has been found that there are small temperature variations only at low temperature except a few special cases. It has also been found that the values of the Landau-Peierls term become positive except the cases of nearly empty and nearly filled bands. From the calculated results the magnetic susceptibilities for all alkali and noble metals are estimated and compared with the observed results. The contribution due to the spin-orbit interaction to the total magnetic susceptibility for Bloch electrons is formulated.
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Jiro Yamashita, Shinya Wakoh, Setsuro Asano
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1620-1626
Published: December 05, 1971
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Band structures of three ordered Cu–Ni alloys are calculated by the Green’s function method. These are Cu
3Ni, CuNi
3 and CuNi. The density-of-states of Cu
3Ni has a remarkable character. There appears a narrow and high band in the high energy region. It is separated from the main band, but it is still below the Fermi energy. By using the tightbinding approximation we also calculate the density-of-states of the ordered alloys Cu
6Ni
2 and Cu
5Ni
3. The density-of-states obtained for these alloys are compared with those of disordered Cu–Ni alloys of the same concentration. The latter is evaluated by CPA. The density-of-states of the Cu-rich disordered alloys is quite similar to that of the ordered alloy of the same Ni-concentration, although the fine structures in the density-of-states are washed out in the disordered state.
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Kuniichi Ohta
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1627-1638
Published: December 05, 1971
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Transverse magnetoconductance of two-dimensional electron gas in strong magnetic field is calculated on the basis of the model and approximation used in a previous paper. Calculating two particle Green’s function consistently with the approximation for one particle Green’s function yields transverse magnetoconductance free from divergence. Strong energy dependence of one particle spectral density leads to some characteristic features of two-dimensional electron gas in strong magnetic fields. Transverse magnetoconductance calculated as a function of gate voltage exhibits broadening of Landau levels and is sharply cut off in midgap regions between Landau levels. These results are discussed in connection with the experiment of Fowler, Fang, Howard and Stiles. Within the model and approximation of the present paper, splittings of Landau levels are also obtained in strong magnetic field.
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J. Behari, B. B. Tripathi
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1639-1641
Published: December 05, 1971
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Phonon dispersion relations, elastic constants, frequency Spectra and Debye θ of solid neon are evaluated on elastic force model. A comparison with experimental data yields a very good agreement in all the cases.
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Akio Shibatani
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1642-1649
Published: December 05, 1971
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The effect of both the Spin interaction and potential interaction between impurities and conduction electrons on the spin density wave (SDW) is studied on the basis of a simple single-band model. The impurity spin is treated as a classical spin. In the case of the SDW containing one impurity the energy and spin density of a localized state within the energy gap are calculated. For a finite concentration the Néel temperature,
TN, and the order parameter at absolute zero,
Δ(0), are calculated by applying the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory of superconductivity. It is found that the impurities have two effects: depairing effect similar to that in superconductivity and pairing effect arising from the antiferromagnetic alignment of the impurity spins that follows the SDW polarization. The competition of these effects affects the behavior of
TN and
Δ(0). Calculated results can be compared qualitatively with experimental data on Cr–Fe and Cr–Co alloys.
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R. D. Shannon, B. L. Chamberland, Carol G. Frederick
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1650-1656
Published: December 05, 1971
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Numerous dopant ions were introduced into chromium dioxide at 65 kbar and 1200°C. The effect of 2 mole percent Fe, Ir, and Ru was to raise
Tc by 19°, 4°, and 2°, respectively. The effect of 2 percent of 2 percent V, As, Sb, Re, Mo, and W was to lower
Tc by 20°, 21°, 10°, 37°, 38°, and 42°, respectively. The saturation moment of the V-, As-, Re-, and W-doped samples was not reduced by more than 4 percent. With the exception of the As-doped sample, the cell dimensions are consistent with the substitution of M
5++Cr
3+ for 2 Cr
4+ or M
6++2 Cr
3+ for 3 Cr
4+.
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Masayuki Kawakami
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1657-1660
Published: December 05, 1971
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The hyperfine field at Au
197 nuclei in Au
4Mn has been measured using the spin echo technique. A broad Au
197 resonance with a complicated line shape is observed between 60 and 73 MHz in zero applied magnetic field at 1.7 K. The line shape which depends on the applied magnetic field is interpreted as due to the presence of an anisotropic hyperfine interaction. The isotropic hyperfine field at Au
197 is determined to be −933 kOe. The zero-field Mn
55 resonance is also observed at 440 MHz at 1.7 K. The magnitude of corresponding hyperfine field is 420 kOe.
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Yoshika Masuda, Masahiro Hashimoto
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1661-1670
Published: December 05, 1971
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The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time
T1 of Al
27 in a type II superconductor La
3−xGd
xAl has been measured as a function of concentration of Gd impurity,
x, as well as temperature and magnetic field. The experimental results can be understood well on the basis of the current theory of magnetic field induced gapless superconductivity in the dirty limit, as in the case of V
3Sn previously published by us. Relaxation rate in superconducting state in the case of
x=0.2 at.% is a decreasing function of the external magnetic field. This anomalous relaxation behavior is contrary to the case of spin diffusion, in which case
T1 is a decreasing function of the external magnetic field. These facts suggest that this relaxation mechanism is due to the indirect coupling between nucleus and magnetic impurities. The experimental result for
x=0.5 at.% is also discussed.
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Takeshi Morimoto, Masao Yamamoto
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1671-1676
Published: December 05, 1971
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For the Voigt configuration
k⊥
H, where
k is the wave vector of incident microwaves and
H the applied magnetic field, it is found that a dc voltage is induced to the
k×
H direction oscillating with the same period as in the geometrical resonance of the magnetosonic wave propagating in bismuth. In addition, a sharp, pulse-like dc voltage is observed associated with the Azbel’-Kaner resonance in lower magnetic fields. Both effects might be useful as a powerful tool for the Fermi surface determination.
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Kazuhiro Mihama
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1677-1682
Published: December 05, 1971
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AuCu alloy particles were prepared by the vacuum evaporation technique and studied by means of high resolution electron microscopy. The structure of alloy particles just after the deposition was, in general, the ordered structure, AuCu I, and the heat treatment was necessary to obtain AuCu II phase. The simultaneous evaporation technique was more favorable to grow AuCu II particles than the successive evaporation technique. With decreasing particle size, the formation of AuCu II phase turned out to be difficult, and for particles around 100 Å in 200 Å in diameter, only a portion of AuCu I particles transformed to AuCu II particles. For small AuCu II particles, the distortion of the antiphase domain boundaries and the lattice planes at the periphery of particles were observed through the dark field images the lattice images, besides a zigzag nature of the antiphase domain boundaries.
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Akira Nagasawa
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1683-1688
Published: December 05, 1971
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The nature of stacking faults in the 12R and 4H martensites of the Ni-50 at.%Ti alloy is presented. Analysis of diffuse patterns taken by selected area electron diffraction has been done by using Kakinoki’s formulation for the diffuse scattering. The stacking faults in the 12R and 4H martensites have the characteristics of the 2\bar2 and 3\bar1 layer sequences, respectively. Through them, the 12R and 4H martensites, which correspond respectively to the high and low temperature martensites, are linearly connected with each other. This result indicates a role of the stacking faults in the martensite transformation of the NiTi alloy. Method of analysis of diffuse patterns is also discussed.
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Shoichiro Tanigawa, Susumu Nanao, Kazuhiko Kuribayashi, Masao Doyama
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1689-1694
Published: December 05, 1971
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The angular correlation apparatus of positron annihilation was constructed for the study of the Fermi surfaces (F.S.) in various materials under various conditions. This apparatus has the advantages in the aspects that the ‘crossslit geometry’ is involved and that the study of liquid state as well as solid state is possible. Its application to the study on several Cu-based alloys has shown satisfactory performance for our purpose. The angular correlation curves of β′-brass, 0.8 Cu-0.2 Ni and 0.6 Cu-0.4 Ni single crystals were measured. In the preliminary experiments, the following results were obtained: (1) the F.S. of β′-brass has the necks in 〈110〉 directions, (2) in 0.8 Cu-0.2 Ni, the radius of the 〈111〉 neck seems to be about 0.5 mrad., so that about 0.4 electrons per atom of Ni may be contributed to the conduction band. Further, the possibility of the production of much stronger
58Co positron source was discussed.
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Toshio Tsurushima, Hisao Tanoue
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1695-1711
Published: December 05, 1971
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A new general principle is described which provides a simple and direct method for predicting the spatial distribution of energy absorbed in nuclear collisions, especially in atomic displacement processes, in heavy ion bombarded semiconductor materials. To calculate the energy transfer rate into atomic displacements, an energy distribution function of incident ions at an arbitrary penetration depth is derived and integrated together with a weight function made from the total cross section for the production of displaced atoms and the average energy transfer corresponding to those encounters which can displace atoms in the substrate materials. Numerical data obtained in each procedure of the method are presented and compared with the results revealed by many theoretical and experimental works attempted up to present. The average number of knock-on atoms produced by an incident ion and associated knock-ons is calculated in a unique manner. Problems of the vacancy distribution and the amorphization criterion are also discussed.
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Yoshihiro Ishibashi, Yutaka Takagi
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1712-1718
Published: December 05, 1971
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Two possible sets of force constants in BaTiO
3 and SrTiO
3 are obtained using the reported experimental data on atomic displacements in soft mode and frequencies of other optical branches. The anharmonicity is implicitly taken into account as the temperature dependence of some force constants. It is confirmed that the cancellation with each other of long range and short range parts in the force constant
k4 for Ti–O
I bond, with nonzero force constant
k1 for Ti–Ba bond, is an essential origin of the lattice instability. Temperature dependence of the force constant
k4 is also discussed.
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Atsushi Suzuki, Shigeo Shionoya
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1719-1726
Published: December 05, 1971
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The polarization characteristics of the red-Cu, In luminescence in a meltgrown ZnS:Cu, In crystal with nearly cubic structure were investigated. The polarization with a particular azimuthal dependence is observed when excited by polarized light belonging to the excitation band characteristic of the center, indicating that the center has its own symmetry. In the polarization spectrum, the degree of polarization takes positive values at the long and short wavelength sides, while negative values in the middle, of the excitation band. The assumption is made that the luminescence transition takes place, within the center of
Cs symmetry formed by the association of copper and indium ions at the nearest cation sites, from the indium level to the copper level. On the basis of the calculations on the energies of the split copper 3
d-orbits, the luminescence transition is determined to be
A″→
A′, and the behavior of the polarization spectrum is reasonably interpreted.
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Yoshihito Miyako, Yukio Kazumata
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1727-1731
Published: December 05, 1971
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Electron spin resonance of Co
2+ ions in rutile was investigated in detail. Weak signals with eight hyperfine structure were observed apart from signals associated with the regular substitutional Co
2+ ions. There were three groups of weak signals whose signals whose signal intensities varied by reduction of oxygen in rutile. It was concluded that, from symmetry relation of the resonance pattern and variation of the signal intensity due to reduction degree of oxygen in rutile, three groups of the weak signals associated with the substitutional Co
2+ ions combined with the nearest and the second neighbour oxygen vacancies.
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Yoshihito Miyako
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1732-1737
Published: December 05, 1971
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Electron spin resonance associated with the substitutional Co
2+ ion combined with defect was observed at 4.2 K in nearly “stoichiometric” rutile apart from the electron spin resonance associated with the regular substitutional Co
2+ ion. The feature of the complex was that the direction of the symmetry axes did not coincide with the crystalline axes and the signal intensity decreased with reduction of oxygen compared with that of the regular substitutional Co
2+ line. ENDOR experiment confirmed the complex as the substitutional Co
2+ ion combined with the interstitial Ti
4+ ion.
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Takaaki Hanyu
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1738-1747
Published: December 05, 1971
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The optical constants of gray tin single crystals,
i.e., the real (ε
1) and imaginary (ε
2) parts of the dielectric constant, were obtained in the region from 1.18 to 4.95 eV from measurements of the ratio
Rp⁄
Rs for two different angles of incidence. Measurements were made on the surfaces of growth at 278 K. Structure in ε
2(ω) was observed at 1.25, 1.65, 2.25, 3.02, and 4.2 eV. The empirical pseudopotential method was used to compute electronic band structure. The resulting energy bands were then used calculate the imaginary part of the dielectric constant as a function of photon energy. Comparison between experimental results and theory is discussed and optical interband transitions are examined.
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Ryuji Abe, Yukuya Tokumaru
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1748-1753
Published: December 05, 1971
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The dielectric constant of Rochelle salt was measured in the range from liquid helium temperature to room temperature. The result shows that the experimental values can be explained satisfactorily by Mitui’s theory. On the contrary the theoretical values of dielectric relaxation time in the non-equilibrium state which can be obtained by extending Mitui’s theory do not agree with the experimental ones which are derived from Sandy’s data. This fact indicates that Eyring’s reaction rate process assumed in the present treatment is inadequate to explain the dielectric relaxation process of Rochelle salt and the other relaxation mechanism such as the overdamped oscillation of tunneling proton should be considered or Mitui’s theory should be modified to be consistent with Sandy’s result.
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Teruhiko Mabuchi, Akira Yoshikawa, Ryumyo Onaka
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1754-1760
Published: December 05, 1971
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Magnetic circular dichroism (hereafter abbreviated as MCD) spectra of the two exciton absorption bands at the absorption edge of CuCl, CuBr and solid solutions of CuCl and CuBr were measured.
The MCD spectra of a solid solution having a small separation of the exciton absorption bands showed a strong magnetic field-induced interaction between the two exciton states. The MCD spectra of the higher energy exciton absorption band in pure CuCl and in a solid solution with low concentration of Br showed a negative
g-value. This negative
g-value of exciton absorption band is explained by a theory similar to that used in explaining the negative value of spin-orbit interaction of CuCl, and is attributed to the mixing of the
d orbital of Cu
+ with the
p orbital of halogen ions.
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Tadao Iwata, Takeshi Nihira
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1761-1783
Published: December 05, 1971
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The anisotropic threshold energy for atomic displacements and the displacement cascade process in electron-irradiated pyrolytic graphite are studied in the energy range from 0.12 to 1.0 MeV at three different temperatures by observing the
a-axis electrical resistivity increases. The threshold energy
Td is represented as
Td(
Ψ)=
Acos
2Ψ+
Bsin
2Ψ+
C(1−cos4
Ψ)≡(
A,
B,
C) in eV, where
Ψ is the angle between the
c-axis and the displacement direction. In the 6 and 80 K irradiations
Td is given as a set of (23, 30, 0) and (31, 30, −2)±2 eV, and the cascade obeys the Harrison-Seitz Replacement model for
Θ=0°, but obeys the Kinchin-Pease model for
Θ=90°, where
Θ is the angle between the
c-axis and the electron direction. In the 285 K irradiations
Td is either (28, 42, 0)±2 eV, or a set of (28, 42, 0) and (32, 42, −1)±2 eV, and the cascade obeys the Harrison-Seitz (no replacement) model for
Θ=0°, 30°, 60° and 90°. The effects of crystal structure, lattice vibrations and thermal annealings are discussed using these results.
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Chikara Sugiura, Yasuomi Hayasi, Hiroyosi Konuma, Setsuo Kiyono
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1784-1789
Published: December 05, 1971
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The
Kβ emission spectrum, the
LII.III emission spectrum and the
LII.III absorption spectrum for sulfur in cubic CdS have been measured with a bent quartz crystal spectrograph or a grazing incidence spectrograph. The light source for measuring the
LII.III absorption spectrum was the continuous spectrum of synchrotron radiation. Results are as follows:
p-electrons are concentrated near the top of the valence band and
s-electrons in the middle part. The states near the bottom of the conduction band are of the
s-type. The obtained spectra are compared with the results of the recent band calculation.
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N. G. Alexandropoulos
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1790-1795
Published: December 05, 1971
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The plasmon dispersion relation for polycrystalline lithium has been obtained by investigating the plasma characteristic energy losses in the X-ray Compton-Raman spectra. The spectra of the X-ray scattered radiation have been analyzed using a double crystal spectrometer with two calcite crystals. The plasmon energy has been recorded for the following wave vectors:
k=1.1, 1.0, .95, .895, .80, .70, .60 and .40Å
−1.
Each value of
k has been obtained using six different incident wave lengths and the appropriate scattering angle. The wave lengths are:
CuK
α1, K
α2, K
β, CrK
α1, K
α2, K
β.
The results show that the dispersion relation:
(
Remark: Graphics omitted.)
is a good approximation. Also, it is clear that the density fluctuation excitation spectrum consists of a very narrow line. Plasmons with
k>
kc have been observed. No conclusion can be reached about plasma lines for the scattering angle φ=0°.
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Kiyoshi Mishima
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1796-1804
Published: December 05, 1971
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After Langevin’s method, orientational diffusion of a non-spherical particle is investigated. By use of this method the study of the molecular rotational motion is extended to that of axially symmetric molecules, in which the cross terms of angular velocity components are not neglected. The components of the rotational friction coefficient tensor are expressed quite generally. Angular autocorrelation functions are given by use of the distribution function. It is shown that the contribution of the precessional motion is never neglected at small time. The calculated results are compared with the experimental results of infrared absorption measurements.
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Satoru Fujime
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1805-1808
Published: December 05, 1971
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The technique of quasielastic scattering of laser light is now becoming a powerful tool for the study of dynamic nature of biological macromolecules in solution. In the case of very large molecules, intramolecular micro-Brownian motion can be detected by the measurement of the Doppler broadening of scattered light. Without detailed calculation of the scattering form factors, it is discussed in this paper that under what experimental conditions it is possible to detect the internal modes of motion of macromolecules.
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Haruhiko Abe
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1809-1819
Published: December 05, 1971
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A low frequency oscillation, having a backward wave-type dispersion relation, is spontaneously excited in a plasma produced by local electron cyclotron resonance. The fundamental frequency of the oscillation is smaller than ion cyclotron frequency and is nearly proportional to the magnetic field intensity, Radially, the wave amplitude has maxima near the regions of maximum density gradient. The wave is observed to propagate in the direction of the ion diamagnetic velocity. The phase angle between density and potential wave is about 90° and density wave is leading. These characteristics of the oscillation are compared with those of the collisional drift wave. Further, a nonlinear effect characterized by the self-excitation of the subharmonic oscillations of 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4, and their higher harmonics are also observed.
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Masashi Kako, Tosiya Taniuti, Tsuguhiro Watanabe
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1820-1829
Published: December 05, 1971
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The present paper is a theoretical investigation of hole equilibria in phase space, such as being observed in numerical experiments on the two stream instability of counterstreaming, equal, electron-beams in a background of fixed ions. It is assumed that the thermal velocity of the plasma surrounding holes in phase space is suffciently small. The equilibria are classified into two groups: Quasi-cold hole equilibria, and dressed hole equilibria. The former equilibria are characterized by the smallness of the shielding distance that is the distance between adjacent holes required to shield the charge of holes, whilst in the latter, adjacent holes are separated by long shielding distance even for sufficiently small thermal velocity.
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Naruyoshi Asano, Hiroaki Ono
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1830-1836
Published: December 05, 1971
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Singular perturbation method is applied to a class of nonlinear partial differential equations to reduce it into a single nonlinear equation presenting the wave propagation in an inhomogeneous medium. The coupling between nonlinear and dispersive or dissipative effects is shown to determine the order of the coordinate-stretching uniquely. The theory is applied to weak shock wave, shallow water wave and oblique magneto-acoustic wave.
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Mitsukazu Onomichi, Keiei Kudo, Toshihiro Arai
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1837
Published: December 05, 1971
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Kohsuke Yagi, Kenji Sato, Yasuo Aoki
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1838
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Tatsuo Tokuoka
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1839
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Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Shozo Saito, Susumu Takemoto
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1840
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Katsuyuki Tanaka, Takasu Hashimoto
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1841
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Takao Goto
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1842
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Masao Aiga, Junkichi Itoh, V. Saraswati
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1843
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Masao Aiga, Junkichi Itoh
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1844
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Kunio Wakamura, Seinosuke Onari, Toshihiro Arai, Keiei Kudo
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1845
Published: December 05, 1971
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Tai Satô, Yoshiyuki Takeishi, Hiroaki Tango, Hiroie Ohnuma, Yosh ...
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1846
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Shin-ichi Nakashima, Hideo Yoshida, Takaaki Fukumoto, Akiyoshi Mitsuis ...
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1847
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Noboru Ichinose, Takashi Takahashi, Yuji Yokomizo
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1848
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Toru Imura, Hiroyasu Saka, Hideo Todokoro, Mikio Ashikawa
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1849
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Hiroshi Oshiyama, Shigeki Arizono
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1850
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A. S. Gupta, P. I. John
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1851
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Kazuyuki Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Watanabe, Hisao Yamamoto, Yasuo Yamaguchi
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1852A
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Seigô Kishino
1971 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages
1852B
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