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Yukiyasu Oda, Motoo Kondo, Hiromi Hirabayashi
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
869-885
Published: April 05, 1972
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The experimental studies of
27Al (γ,
p) reaction are described. Firstly, this reaction was studied at maximum bremsstrahlung energies
Eγ(max)=22, 20 and 15 MeV. The energy spectrum of the product protons showed existence of many groups which were supposed to arise from 26 states of
27Al of energies 9.99≤
Ex≤20.4 MeV. Secondly, the existence of these states was examined in the
26Mg(
p,
p′), (
p,
p′ γ), (
p,
n), (
p, γ),
25Mg(
d,
p) and
27Al(
p,
p′) reactions. The results are consistent with that of the initial photonuclear reactions. Differences of features were found below and in the giant resonance region of
27Al. The integrated cross sections and the γ-ray widths for the ground state transitions in this reaction were estimated numerically.
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Akira Isoya, Takashi Maki, Takao Nakashima, Norihisa Kato, Yoshikazu K ...
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
886-898
Published: April 05, 1972
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Targets of separated isotopes
182W and
183W were bombarded with a 15 MeV deuteron beam, and outgoing protons were analyzed with a broad range magnetic spectrograph and nuclear emulsion plates. Empirical single-particle cross sections were determined from the observed cross sections and angular distributions of the reactions leading to low-lying levels of
183W. Observed cross sections and angular distributions for the levels of
184W were compared with the cross sections which were obtained by using the above empirical single-particle cross sections and the spectroscopic factors calculated from the pairing theory. For the members of the ground state rotational band and the γ-vibrational band in
184W excellent agreements were obtained. Reasonably good agreements were found for six higher levels below 1800 keV, if they were interpreted as the rotational members of possible two-quasiparticle states. For the first two levels of the lowest excited
K=0
+ band cross sections were determined.
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Masahiko Teranaka, Tomonori Wada, Sachiko Konishi, Osamu Kusumoto, Tak ...
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
899-903
Published: April 05, 1972
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Characters of the noise associated with relative scattering measurement in nuclear emulsions are studied as functions of cell size and of track separation in depth of emulsion for three stacks having independent histories. It is found that the noise is divided into two characteristic types according to cell size. For short cell size, the noise is random Gaussian type and for long cell size more than about 3 mm, essentially, ordinary
C or
S shape. Although the track to track separation in depth is in usual limited severely in the relative scattering, it is shown that this limitation can be removed by cancelling the noise, in such a way that for short cell size is applied the subtraction method between the second and third order differences and for long cell size ordinary higher order difference method. This increases greatly the applicability of the relative scattering method.
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Kazuo Hiroike
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
904-911
Published: April 05, 1972
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Theories of Mayer and Lebowitz-Percus are examined which treat the
N−1 dependence of the distribution functions in the canonical ensemble consisting of the systems with the particle number
N. It is found that the expressions obtained by Lebowitz and Percus are more accurate than Mayer’s ones. The same long-range correlations of the distribution functions are given by both the theories.
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Takeo Fujiwara, Yukito Tanabe
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
912-926
Published: April 05, 1972
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Temperature dependence of magnon sideband with respect to the intensity, shift and broadening is studied theoretically in the entire temperature range by using the moment expansion method. The assumption of the Néel state for the ground state of the antiferromagnets is reasonable for intensity and shift but is incapable of explaining the magnitude of the width.
Numerical calculations are carried out for
6A1g→
4A1g,
4Eg transition of RbMnF
3 by means of the random phase decoupling approximation for spin correlation functions and the results are presented. The results agree with those of the spin wave theory at low temperatures. At the high temperature limit, both the intensity and shift also agree with those given by the pair spectra theory. The effect of exciton transfer is also considered. The numerical result of the shift is compared with experiments.
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Isao Harada, Kazuko Motizuki
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
927-940
Published: April 05, 1972
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The temperature-dependent magnon energies and magnon sidebands in MnS have been studied theoretically by the spin wave approximation including magnon-magnon interaction and neglecting exciton-magnon interaction. Results found are: (1) the temperature renormalization factor for magnon energies depends strongly on magnon wavevector and is different from that for the sublattice magnetization; (2) the line shape is insensitive to temperature, and the peak position, which corresponds to the magnon energy at
k=1.2π[1,1,0]⁄
a, shifts slowly with temperature; (3) the integrated intensity of the cold band is almost constant at low temperatures but decreases slightly with increasing temperature in contrast to a rapid increase predicted from the free spin wave theory. For the hot band, the intensity increases more slowly than predicted from the free spin wave theory. The total intensity increases gradually with temperature. The sublattice magnetization, the peak position, and the integrated intensity as functions of temperature are compared with observed results.
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Yosiaki Tino, Juichiro Arai
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
941-948
Published: April 05, 1972
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In order to investigate the cause of anomalous properties of the γ-phase iron-nickel alloys with Invar compositions, the Mössbauer effect spectra of these alloys were measured as a function of temperature. Especially, the influences of phase mixture (α+γ), cold-work and external magnetic field were examined. From these measurements, it was concluded that there exist transition states between the α and γ phases, and they cause a diversity of hyperfine fields in the Invar-type alloy. Many hyperfine fields thus produced make the Invar alloy an assembly of various magnetic transition points, which, as a result, gives rise to the anomalies of physical properties.
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Shigeyuki Hayashi
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
949-957
Published: April 05, 1972
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It is shown that the flow stress and the stress relaxation of Ni and Ni–Co alloy single crystals in a plastic region are affected significantly by applying an alternating magnetic field. This “magneto-plastic effect” can be interpreted in terms of a concept that oscillating magnetic domain walls give a force on the dislocation. The magnitude of the shear stress drop caused by this effect depends upon the plastic strain, total strain rate, magnetostriction constants, total volume swept out by the oscillating domain walls and frequency of the alternating magnetic field. The activation volume of the glide dislocation in thermally activated process is reduced to about one half of its original value by this effect. Further, on the basis of the experimental results obtained through this effect, a role of the short range stress to the flow stress is discussed in some detail.
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Yasuo Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Watanabe, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Shoichi Tomiyoshi
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
958-963
Published: April 05, 1972
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Cr
2As is known as an antiferromagnet with the Néel temperature
TN of 393 K. Its magnetic structure is determined by neutron diffraction by using single crystals as well as powdered samples. The magnetic structure obtained has such a symmetry that any isotropic exchange interaction vanishes between Cr(I) and Cr(II) sublattices, while dipole-dipole like interactions remain finite between them. Values of 0.40±0.08 μ
B and 1.34±0.06 μ
B are obtained for the magnetic moments of Cr(I) and Cr(II) respectively. Contrary to a previous study, it is observed that the magnetizations of Cr(I) and Cr(II) sublattices vanish at the same temperature,
TN. This inconsistency is considered to come from the mis-indexing of lines which are actually due to Cr
2O
3 contamination in the previous work.
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Kensuke Shiraishi, Akimichi Hishinuma, Yoshio Katano, Tadami Taoka
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
964-971
Published: April 05, 1972
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Defect clusters are observed to form in aluminum during examination at about 20°C in a high voltage electron microscope operating at 1000 kV with a beam current of 0.1 μA in a 5 μm diameter spot. As the electron dose increased, the clusters grow into resolvable dislocation loops. The defect clusters are identified as vacancy loops of Frank type. When the temperature is raised gradually to 70°C during electron irradiation, defect clusters grow into larger loops and eventually disappear with 70°C irradiation. Furthermore, no electron damage is observed in the specimen irradiated at 70°C without previous 20°C irradiation. In a quenched specimen, production rate of the defect clusters is larger compared with an annealed specimen and large quenched-in loops are found to shrink during 20°C irradiation. The damage rate is discussed in relation to nucleation and growth of the loops under vacancy supersaturated environment.
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Yoshie Matsuo
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
972-978
Published: April 05, 1972
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Ordered phases in the Co–Pd alloy system are studied by electron diffraction, using evaporated single crystal films of the alloys with Pd content extending from 20 to 100 at.%.
Two types of the ordered states are found in this system; one is the Ll
2 type (Cu
3Au type) and exists over the range of composition of Pd between 60 and 90 at.%. The temperature of order-disorder transition is 830°C for the 80 at.% Pd alloy. The other has the structure of Ll
0 type (CuAuI type) and exists within a narrow region of composition around CoPd. This phase is accompanied by two-phase regions over fairly wide ranges at both sides of it. The transition temperature is estimated to be higher than 850°C.
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Yoshio Adachi, Tetsuya Arizumi
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
979-985
Published: April 05, 1972
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The moving domain caused by double injection was detected in
n-type Ge at high electric field. This phenomenon is closely related to the current instability observed. It was found that the period of oscillation is determined by the transit time of the density perturbation through a sample. The dependence of the oscillation frequency on current density is explained by the variation of the ambipolar drift velocity. The transit time observed is in qualitative agreement with the theoretical results calculated from the ambipolar drift velocity.
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Toshio Murotani, Yosio Nisida
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
986-998
Published: April 05, 1972
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Effect of intense far-infrared radiation on magneto-absorption, photoconduction and photo-Hall effect on
n-InSb containing 2.5×10
13 cm
−3 electrons were investigated at liquid helium temperatures by using an HCN laser. Saturation of impurity cyclotron resonance (ICR) and enhancement of conduction-electron cyclotron resonance (CCR) with the radiation intensity were found. This can be explained by the effect of relaxation processes where the electrons excited to impurity state (010) drop to Landau state
N=0 and accumulate there. The relaxation time for the ICR saturation was obtained as 7×10
−9 sec at 1.7 K.
The photoconductivity and the photo-Hall effect were analysed on the basis of the two-band conduction model. The result demonstrates that with an increase of the radiation intensity the number of conduction electrons increases consistently with the proposed relaxation processes, and in addition the impurity-band mobility also increases.
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Takashi Matsuda, Ryuji Abe, Akikatsu Sawada
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
999-1002
Published: April 05, 1972
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An experimental arrangement for determining nonlinear indices of dielectric constant by means of second harmonic detection which was favorable to avoid the influence of space charge was devised. The temperature dependence of the nonlinearity of the dielectric constant in the vicinity of the Curie point was measured for ferroelectric triglycine sulfate. The result shows that (∂
2P⁄∂
E2)
0=const×(
ΔT)
γ14 with γ
14=−(2.4±0.2) below the Curie temperature, which is in good agreement with the prediction in the mean field theory.
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Koichi Kanzaki, Isamu Imai
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1003-1009
Published: April 05, 1972
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The optical spectra of tetragonal HgI
2 single crystals were investigated at 4.2 K and 79 K in 2∼6 eV region of photon energy. The main part of the dichroic optical spectra is well described by the optical transition from three
p-like valence bands, which are split due to spin orbit interaction and crystal field perturbation, to an
s-like conduction band. The optical structures, which seem to be due to exciton series, were observed in the fundamental absorption edge for an ordinary light. The tail part of the absorption edge was well expressed by Urbach Rule.
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Masataka Inoue, Yoshiharu Nakade, Junji Shirafuji, Yoshio Inuishi
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1010-1018
Published: April 05, 1972
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The velocity-field characteristic in vapour-grown
n-GaAs has been measured between 300 K and 4.2 K by using a microwave heating technique. The threshold field decreases with decreasing temperature on the contrary to the results by Ruch and Kino; this behaviour is in good agreement with the theory by Ruch and Fawcett. The negative differential mobility behaves in a similar way to the low field mobility between 300 K and 4.2 K. At temperatures below about 60 K, the electron mobility at fields up to 1 kV/cm becomes larger in magnitude than the low-field value because of decrease in ionized impurity scattering in hot electron region. The velocity-field relation up to 1 kV/cm is well explained in terms of polar optical phonon and ionized impurity scattering.
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Nobuo Niimura, Kohji Shimaoka, Hiroshi Motegi, Sadao Hoshino
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1019-1026
Published: April 05, 1972
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Detailed structural studies of HCl single crystal were performed by X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments. A face-centered cubic lattice with a twelve-fold disordered orientation of HCl molecules was found only above 120 K. Below 120 K, the molecules form hydrogen bonded zigzag chains and a synthetic twin structure of an orthorhombic lattice with the (101) twin boundary is realized. No appreciable change of the crystal structure was seen in the diffraction experiments at the transition point 98 K. The mechanism of the phase transition can be explained by considering a fluctuation of chains and molecular flippings.
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Shozo Hongo, Zen-ichi Ueda, Junji Shirafuji, Yoshio Inuishi
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1027-1032
Published: April 05, 1972
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Photoconductivity in
n-InSb irradiated with an intense light beam from a Q-switched CO
2 laser was measured in transverse magnetic fields at temperatures from 175 K to 17 K. In zero or low magnetic fields normal photoconductivity was always observed. As the magnetic field was increased, however, the photoconductivity decreased in magnitude and finally changed the sign from positive to negative, for example, in a magnetic field exceeding several hundreds gauss at 90 K. This anomalous phenomenon was not observed in longitudinal magnetic fields. It was confirmed from the measurement of photo-Hall effect that the negative photoconductivity is not due to a decrease in electron concentration. A qualitative speculation in terms of the two-carrier transverse magnetoresistance is presented.
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Kêitsiro Aizu
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1033-1036
Published: April 05, 1972
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The paraelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transformation of (NH
4)
2Cd
2(SO
4)
3 is conjectured to be caused by an instability of three degenerate pairs of conjugate lattice vibration modes with a wave length such that the condensation of each pair of conjugate waves should
triple the primitive unit cell. This was explained in a previous paper with a model in which the spontaneous polarization vector arises parallel to the wave normal of the condensed soft waves. Reality of this model, however, seems difficult because of a certain severe requirement for its ferroelectricity. The present paper proposes a model in which
Ps arises perpendicular to the wave normal. This model implies no such severe requirement.
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Hideyuki Nakagawa, Minoru Itoh, Yoshio Nakai
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1037-1043
Published: April 05, 1972
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Luminescence due to Br
−-ions in NaCl has been investigated at liquid nitrogen temperature by varying the amount of Br
−-ions from 1×10
−3 to 1.4×10
−2 mole fraction. Two emission bands, having their maxima at about 4.0 eV and 5.15 eV, were observed with UV-light excitation. The 4.0 eV luminescence is known to enhance linearly with increasing Br
−-ion concentration. Ratio of the intensity of the 5.15 ev luminescence to that of the 4.0 eV luminescence was found to vary in proportion to the Br
−-ion concentration, suggesting that the intensity of the 5.15 eV luminescence varies with square of Br
−-ions concentration. This means that the 5.15 eV luminescence is caused by (Br
−)
2-center. Presence of the absorption band of (Br
−)
2-center was also confirmed in the low energy side of the absorption band due to Br
−-ion monomer.
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Ryozo Oyamada
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1044-1048
Published: April 05, 1972
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The electromotive force and its temperature-dependence of fused salts of the ThCl
4–NaCl system were measured with a Th(s)/ThCl
4–NaCl(l)/Cl
2(g) cell using highly purified ThCl
4(ThCl
4 0.22–0.70 mole fraction, 600°–750°C). To discuss the formation and existence of complex ion in the melts, the equation of excess stability d\bar
F1E⁄d(1−
N1)
2, where
N1 is the mole fraction of ThCl
4 and \bar
F1E the excess partial molar free energy of ThCl
4, derived by Darken was adopted. Curves of the excess stability plotted against N
1 show a maximum at around
N1=0.35 corresponding to the congruently melting compound Na
2ThCl
6.
Meanwhile, plots of the equivalent conductivity and the isotherms, calculated from the previously reported values against
N1 revealed a large negative deviation from the additivity at
N1=0.33(550°C–750°C). From these both results the existence of the anionic complex ion [ThCl
6]
2− in the fused state was inferred.
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Hikaru Terauchi, Masahiro Mori, Yasusada Yamada
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1049-1058
Published: April 05, 1972
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The X-ray critical scattering in NiCr
2O
4 in the vicinity of its Jahn-Teller phase transition has been investigated in order to clarify the nature of the interaction between local distortions. The results are summarized as follows:
(i) The critical scattering due to correlation of local distortions has been observed up to 100 K above the transition temperature.
(ii) Relative intensities of the critical scattering around various reciprocal lattice points confirm that the correlation of local distortions propagates through acoustic type displacement field, showing that the indirect pair interaction
via strain field is dominant to cause Jahn-Teller phase transition in NiCr
2O
4.
(iii) The characteristics of the anisotropy of the critical scattering show a singularity at
k=0, indicating that the interaction is of long range.
The above results are in very good agreement with the theory recently developed by Kataoka and Kanamori.
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Shigeo Kuboniwa, Teruhiko Hoshina
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1059-1068
Published: April 05, 1972
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Host lattice dependences of luminescence spectra and relaxation properties of
Tb3+ are described. Reduced matrix elements relevant to the transitions are calculated and compared with observations. The spectra and the decay times of the
5D4→
7FJ transitions are in qualitative agreement with the calculations. The electric-dipole transition of
5D4→
7F5 has the largest probability in the
5D4→
7FJ emission transitions within the framework of the Judd-Ofelt approximation. When the crystal field acting on
Tb3+ is very strong, the intensity of
5D4→
7F3 can become comparable to that of
5D4→
7F5. Magnetic-dipole transitions always have the largest probability for
5D4→
7F5. Spontaneous multiphonon relaxation of
5D3→
5D4 is sometimes a dominant decay mechanism of the
5D3 state. The observed multiphonon relaxation rates are ∼2×10
2 in YPO
4-, ∼8×10
3 in YBO
3- and ∼2×10
4 in ScBO
3-groups in units of sec
−1.
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Tsutomu Yabuzaki, Noriaki Tsukada, Toru Ogawa
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1069-1077
Published: April 05, 1972
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Behavior of the optically pumped atoms in the oscillating rf field is analized classically in terms of the macroscopic magnetization, in the case that the static magnetic field has components both parallel and perpendicular to the rf field. The theory predicts that the
g-factor is modified by the rf field when the Hanle effect and the parametric resonance take place, and that the effect makes its appearance in the variation of width and maxima of lines of the Hanle effect and the parametric resonance. The modification of the
g-factor is also derived by the quantum mechanical treatment.
The theoretical predictions are quantitatively verified by the experiments with cesium vapor.
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S. Sengupta, R. Roy, A. K. Saha
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1078-1087
Published: April 05, 1972
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A new method is proposed for determining the magnitude of the coupling constant, the asymmetry parameter and the orientation of the principal axes of the electric field gradient tensor at the site of a quadrupole nucleus with half integral spin. A function is constructed from the first order splitting of the nuclear quadrupole resonance absorption line produced by a small magnetic field. The parameters of the EFGT are determined from the behaviour of this function for rotation of the crystal around certain axes. A goniometer has been constructed for effecting these rotations and measurement have been made on a single crystal of Ba(ClO
3)
2, H
2O at the site of chlorine nuclei. It has been found that the chlorines in the unit lattice can be grouped in two sets with two different EFGT having the same value of
eqQ=58.6873±.0001 MHz and η=0.027±.007 but different orientations of the principal axes.
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Michio Matsuzawa
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1088-1094
Published: April 05, 1972
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It is theoretically shown that the rate constant for reaction of electron transfer from highly excited atoms A
** to polyatomic molecules B,
A
**+B→A
++B
−, (1)
at thermal velocities is equal to that of non-dissociative thermal electron capture by the molecules B,
e+B→B
−, (2)
based on the assumption that the negative ion formed in reaction (1) is the same species as that formed in reaction (2). The result obtained is in reasonable agreement with experimental data for reaction (1) between Ar and SF
6. From both the present study of reaction (1) and the previous work on the ionization of the highly excited atoms by collision with polar molecules (M. Matsuzawa; J. chem. Phys.
55 (1971) 2685), it can be concluded that knowledge of inelastic scattering of a slow electron by molecules is very useful for the understanding of some kind of reactions of the highly excited atoms with these molecules.
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Nobuyuki Inoue
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1095-1101
Published: April 05, 1972
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The ion density of a hydrogen plasma is determined from attenuation of the hydrogen atom beam mainly due to the resonant charge-exchange reaction between protons and hydrogen atoms. Then the measurable density is from 10
13 to 10
15 cm
−3. It is extended from 10
9 to 10
15 cm
−3 by using a potassium atom beam. The electron temperature from 20 to 150 eV is measured with an argon atom beam. Some results by these methods are compared with those by other diagnostics.
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Hideo Kozima, Keiichiro Yamagiwa, Yoshimitsu Amagishi, Kiyoe Kato
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1102-1105
Published: April 05, 1972
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Parametric excitations of ion plasma oscillations are investigated by using a simple model based on the modulation of ion density in the uniform electron background. This model is useful to calculate the higher order nonlinear terms, and gives a good interpretation to the new nonlinear phenomena observed in a mercury vapour plasma without magnetic field. The nonlinear effects observed are; (1) the frequency shift and the amplitude increase of the resonant oscillations with increasing of pumping power, (2) the existence of the resonance frequency region, and (3) the asymmetrical parametric excitation with hysteresis.
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Yuji Enomoto, Noriaki Gohda, Hiromichi Ezumi
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1106-1111
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The electrical conductivity of xenon plasma produced by shock waves was measured by means of a conductivity probe, similar to that described by Lin, Resler and Kantrowitz. Measurements were made for initial xenon pressures
P1 of 1–10 Torr. The shock Mach numbers
Ms ranged from 8.4 to 24.5. The maximum electrical conductivity agreed with theoretical values within a factor of two. For low shock Mach numbers, the decrease in electrical conductivity and the decrease in continuum emission intensity were much faster than the theoretical decreases based on continuum radiation loss. These results indicate that line radiation losses cannot be disregarded for low shock Mach numbers. With increasing the shock Mach numbers, it was shown that
e. g. at
P1=2 Torr and
Ms\gtrsim20, two observed decreases could be almost explained by continuum radiation loss alone.
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Tsuneo Amano, Yasuo Shimomura, Shin Yamamoto
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1112-1120
Published: April 05, 1972
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Cyclotron instabilities in a finite plasma pressure is investigated without use of the electrostatic approximation. A “ring” distribution is taken for the ion velocity distribution function and electron is assumed cold. It is shown that the coupling between a quasi-electrostatic wave and an extraordinary ion cyclotron wave causes an instability with small growth rate. Finite plasma pressure has a stabilizing effect on the quasi-electrostatic instability and reduces the growth rate.
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Kanji Abe, Keishiro Niu
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1121-1124
Published: April 05, 1972
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Numerical studies of steady, one-dimensional, quasi-shock waves in a collisionless plasma are made for the case where the shock waves are propagating along a uniform magnetic field. It is supposed that the flows of ions and electrons ahead of the shock wave consist of two cold streams respectively, which have different velocities from each other. Numerical computations are carried out using fluid equations for the streams and Maxwell’s equations for the electromagnetic field. Behind the wave front the plasma and magnetic field oscillate rather irregularly about mean values, which are different from the values ahead of the wave front.
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Yuko Oshima
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1125-1131
Published: April 05, 1972
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Experimental studies were made on the motion of vortex rings ejected from a circular or a lenticular orifice into water. The vortex rings were made visible by fine grains of tin made by electrolysis, and photographs were taken. The diameters and the traveling velocities of the vortex rings were determined from these photographs. There is a favorable range of impulse to produce the stable vortex ring. The traveling velocity of the vortex ring is composed of the velocity of the jet flow and the self-induced velocity of the vortex; the former decays rather rapidly and the latter decreases slowly in time as \sqrtν
t, where
t is the time and ν is the kinematic viscosity of water. The vortex ring ejected from a lenticular orifice changes its shape intermittently, and the period of deformation is prolonged continually, while the traveling distance during one period is nearly constant.
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Kazunari Ikuta
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1132-1134
Published: April 05, 1972
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A stability conditions is obtained for a general configuration of a high intensity neutralized electron beam and is applied to cylindrical beam systems. Neutralized cylindrical beam systems are stable if the total beam current sufficiently exceeds 10
4 ampere.
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Hironori Nishihara, Hiroshi Yasuoka, Akira Hirai
1972 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
1135-1145
Published: April 05, 1972
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of Co
59 has been investigated in the three metamagnetic phases of CoCl
2·2H
2O at liquid helium temperatures. The hyperfine field in zero external field at 0 K was found to be +421.1±0.4 kOe, which agrees well with the calculated value where the orbital contribution is dominant. When the external field H
0 was applied parallel to
b-axis, the interaction of the nucleus with the electronic moment induced by H
0 was observed to be about 0.29 times the direct coupling with the external field. The jumps of the hyperfine field were also observed as the manifestation of the changes of the exchange interactions of Co
2+ spin with adjacent linear chains. The most striking feature of the data is the effects of the spin reduction of 0.1∼1% depending on H
0 caused by the magnon bound states in an approximate Ising system to CoCl
2·2H
2O.
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Shinya Hashimoto, Hiroshi Iwasaki, Shiro Ogawa, Sadae Yamaguchi, Makot ...
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