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Shigeru Takeda, Syuhei Yamaji, Kazuhisa Matsuda, Isao Kohno, Noriyoshi ...
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1115-1122
Published: May 05, 1973
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The excited states of
102Mo from the (
t,
p) reaction are presented. New energy levels of
102Mo and the angular distributions of protons leading to them are given and compared with a DWBA calculation. Comparing with the additional data of
98Mo(
t,
p)
100Mo and those on the fission fragments by the Beakeley group,
102Mo is shown to have characteristics of a transitional nucleus. A theoretical analysis by the QRPA with Woods-Saxon bound states was tentatively performed. The calculated cross-section ratios of the first 2
+ and 3
− states to the ground state are a little smaller than the experimental ratios.
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Chiri Yamaguchi
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1123-1127
Published: May 05, 1973
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The
64Zn(γ,
n)
63Zn and
64Zn(γ,
np)
62Cu reaction cross sections in the giant dipole resonance region have been measured by the half-life separation method using the bremsstrahlung beam from a 29 MeV betatron. The experimental results realize the predicted splitting of the giant dipole resonance into the two isospin components
T<=
T0 and
T>=
T0+1. The lower-energy componen
T< is at 17 MeV and the higher one
T> at 25 MeV. The ratio of the relative intensities of the two components is 0.29±0.04.
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Syohei Kato, Yasuo Aoki
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1128-1131
Published: May 05, 1973
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The left-right cross section asymmetry has been measured for D(
3He, p)
4He reaction with polarized
3He beam at the bombarding energy of 9 MeV in the laboratory angular range from 30° to 10° corresponding to 140° to 170° in the center of mass system. The results combined with data of proton polarization and deuteron analyzing power of the reaction are compared with the prediction of Yazaki and Tanifuji.
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Masayoshi Inoue
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1132-1135
Published: May 05, 1973
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A method of solution for weakly-coupled nonlinear oscillator systems is obtained with the aid of Mori’s general theory of Brownian motion. For simplicity, a quartic nonlinear two-oscillator system is discussed, but larger systems may be treated in the same way. The Mori theory has a scheme different from standard perturbation theories, such as Wigner-Brillouin. The method provides results which agree with computer experiments on the dynamical behavior of nonlinear oscillator systems. The frequency shift of these systems is also calculated.
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Tohru Morita, Charles C. Chen
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1136-1140
Published: May 05, 1973
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The perturbation term of the one-particle Green’s function of an electron in a random lattice is expressed as a sum of terms related with one site, two sites, three sites, and so on. The coherent potential approximation is rederived under the assumption that the sum of the terms related with two or more sites can be ignored if the unperturbed Hamiltonian is chosen in such a way that the sum of the one-site terms is put equal to zero. The next approximation is obtained by assuming that the sum of the terms related with the clusters of sites other than the one sites and the nearest neighbor pairs of sites can be ignored, when the unperturbed Hamiltonian is so chosen that the sum of the terms related with a one site or a nearest nighbor pair of sites is put equal to zero. This approximation is applicable to the random alloy problems where the diagonal as well as off-diagonal randomness exist. If the randomness is restricted only to the diagonal one, the approximation is equivalent to the one proposed by Cyrot-Lackmann and Ducastelle (Phys. Rev. Letters
27 (1971) 429) and by Nickel and Krumhansl (Phys. Letters
36A (1971) 111). Systematic improvements of the approximations are suggested.
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Satoru Mashimo, Kenichi Shinohara
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1141-1148
Published: May 05, 1973
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Dielectric properties of dilute solutions of PVAc have been investigated for five samples (\bar
Mn=0.79−16.34×10
4) in the frequency range of 10
6-1.5×10
8 Hz. In toluene solutions, a transition phenomenon was observed at a certain temperature between −33° and 0°C, depending on molecular weight and concentration. It was also observed in carbon tetrachloride solutions between 22° and 44°C. Above the transition temperature,
Tt, the relaxation time is independent of the molecular weight, while below
Tt, it depends on the molecular weight. The activation energy above
Tt has a small value of 3.5–4.2 kcal/mole which is about a half of that below. The dipole moment for a repeat unit below
Tt is by about 0.1 D larger than that above. It was concluded that above
Tt the molecule is in a random coil state, where the dipoles rotate freely, and a change in the conformation occurs at
Tt which restricts the dipole rotation below
Tt.
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Tatsuyuki Kawakubo, Shigeharu Kabashima, Mamoru Ogishima
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1149-1152
Published: May 05, 1973
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The probability distribution and the autocorrelation function of the fluctuating output voltage of a Wien-Bridge oscillator have been measured as a function of the feedback factor β. It has been found that both the variance and the correlation time of the fluctuation which are determined from the probability distribution and the correlation function, respectively, become infinite in a manner like (β
c−β)
−1 as β approaches the threshold β
c of the oscillation. The aspect is analogous to the Curie-Weiss law in the second-order phase transition. The results are discussed within the linear response scheme starting from a simplified kinetic equation for the fluctuating output voltage of the Wien-Bridge oscillator.
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V. Mubayi, K. Krishan, C. K. Majumdar
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1153-1157
Published: May 05, 1973
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The exact excitation spectrum of a 3×3 two dimensional square lattice interacting via the nearest neighbour anisotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian
(
Remark: Graphics omitted.),
has been obtained for various values of the anisotropy constant γ. The zeros of the partition function in the complex μ=exp(−
mHe⁄
kBT) plane are calculated for different γ for both ferromagnetic (
J<0) and antiferromagnetic (
J>0) coupling. For 0
≤γ
≤1, the ferromagnetic zeros obey the generalized Lee-Yang theorem at all temperatures, but, for γ>1, they violate it at sufficiently low temperatures. For antiferromagnetic coupling, the zeros lie on the (unphysical) negative real axis for all values of γ and temperature. The zero-field susceptibility, for antiferromagnetic coupling, does not display a local maximum as a function of temperature in contrast to Kawabata’s results on the same lattice.
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Shoichi Nagata, Yoshihito Miyako, Takashi Watanabe
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1158-1162
Published: May 05, 1973
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ESR for isolated Cu
2+ ions and exchange-coupled pairs of Cu
2+ ions in diamagnetic single crystal of Cd(NH
3)
2·Ni(CN)
4·2C
6H
6 have been studied. As for the isolated ions, the spin Hamiltonian parameters,
g,
A and the transferred hyperfine constant due to the neighbouring nitrogen ions are determined. As for the Cu
2+ pairs, the ground state is concluded to be antiferromagnetic with the exchange parameter
J of (7±1)
K from the temperature dependence of their intensity.
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Shinji Wada, Kunisuke Asayama
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1163-1167
Published: May 05, 1973
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We observed an NMR signal of Ta
181 in the intermetallic compound of Ta
3Sn at 4.2 K. The effective gyromagnetic ratio of the signal is deduced to be 13.0 MHz/10 kOe. It is shown that the signal observed corresponds to the transition between the Zeeman levels which are associated with the |±1⁄2> states of the pure quadrupole spectra and separated by an external magnetic field. We also observed an NMR signal of Re nuclei in pure Re metal caused by the same mechanism with that of Ta
181 in Ta
3Sn.
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Shinji Wada, Kunisuke Asayama
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1168-1179
Published: May 05, 1973
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Following the discovery of the NMR signal of Ta
181 in Ta
3Sn, the Ta
181 and Sn
119 nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates have been studied in its superconducting mixed state. The relaxation rate of Sn
119 shows a clear dip just below
TC(
H) which typifies the magnetic relaxation rate, where
TC(
H) is the transition temperature corresponding to the external magnetic field,
H. In contrast, the relaxation rate of Ta
181 drops rapidly just below
TC(
H) and then decreases monotonically with decreasing temperature. It is shown that this relaxation behavior is attributed predominantly to the quadrupole relaxation mechanism. In order to obtain a good agreement between the experimental data and the theoretically calculated value of BCS Case I, one is led to estimate the quadrupole relaxation rate to be three times as large as the magnetic relaxation rate in Ta
181 relaxation.
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Takeo Fujiwara
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1180-1191
Published: May 05, 1973
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Double
4T1g exciton state in RbMnF
3 is investigated theoretically by using pair approximation under the assumption of the strong exciton-lattice coupling.
The selection rule of the electric dipole transition and the energy level diagram of the pair states are given. The smallness of the transfer and exchange integrals between the Mn ion and its surrounding F ions explains the weak intensity of the band. The exchange integral between
4T1g(
G) ion and
6A1g ion is estimated to be three quarters of the ground state exchange integral and the reduced spin-orbit interaction parameter to be −3.3 cm
−1 from the observed energy separations. It is shown that the observed higher energy lines except the lines at 3.6832×10
4 and 3.6827×10
4 cm
−1 can have no appreciable intensity in the excitation directly due to the pair mechanism assumed for magnon sidebands. Their intensities are stolen from the overlapping broad two-exciton phonon sideband through the spin-orbit interaction and the order estimation of the intensity by this mechanism is in good agreement with experiment.
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Hiroshi Yasuoka, Susumu Hoshinouchi, Yoji Nakamura
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1192-1196
Published: May 05, 1973
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The magnetic moment of dilute Mn atoms in Co–Ni and Fe–Ni alloy systems has been investigated by the Mn
55 hyperfine field distributions obtained from pulsed Mn
55 NMR. The Mn atoms in these alloy systems can be classified from the viewpoint of the magnetic state into two cases: (1) Mn atoms having a well-defined local moment of 3.0 μ
B/Mn atom which are ferromagnetically coupled to the host magnetization, such Mn atoms do exist even in the Co–Mn alloys, (2) Mn atoms having reversed magnetic moment. Since no NMR signals were associated with these reversed Mn atoms, it could be inferred that they do not have well-defined local moments.
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Yutaka Nakai, Toshio Urano, Nobuhiko Kunitomi
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1197-1202
Published: May 05, 1973
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In gold-chromium alloys, the antiferromagnetic long range order fades into paramagnetic phase at chromium concentration of about 10 to 12 atomic percent. For specimens with the critical composition, anisotropic diffuse scattering of neutrons has been found around 100 reciprocal lattice point in temperatures between 10 to 170 K. The antiferromagnetic reflection, 100, has broadened similar to the usual critical scattering for two specimens Au
0.880Cr
0.120 and Au
0.888Cr
0.112. After analyzing by using the experimental resolution function, it was found that the half-width of the diffuse peak parallel to the propagation vector of the antiferromagnetic structure is roughly two times larger than that perpendicular to it. The reason of this diffuse scattering can be attributed to the anisotropy of the magnetic interaction between local moment of chromium via
s-electrons, which is expected theoretically from the shape of the Fermi surface of gold.
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Kazuo Ohtaka, Tetsuo Moriya
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1203-1216
Published: May 05, 1973
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By assuming an infinite potential barrier at the surface of the semi-infinite system, the field-induced surface current is evaluated within the linear response to the magnetic field applied parallel to the surface. It is shown that the surface current determines the entire diamagnetic susceptibility of the system which is composed of the Landau value of the susceptibility and the negligible paramagnetic correction term proportional to the surface area. When the field is applied perpendicularly, it is found that the surface current vanishes and that no screening of the field strength occurs at all. By this difference the role of the surface-modified cyclotron orbits in the Landau diamagnetism is stressed.
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Eiichi Kuramoto, Shin Takeuchi, Taira Suzuki
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1217-1222
Published: May 05, 1973
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Serrations due to slip were observed on the stress-strain curves of zone-refined tantalum single crystals compressed at 4.2 K. It was found on an oscillograph that each rapid stress drop was accompanied by a rapid temperature rise of about 40 K. This suggests that a discontinuous slip is caused by the plastic instability due to the heat generated during the deformation. Using a deformation model involving a temperature rise due to the work done, calculations of the stress-strain curve and the corresponding temperature change were made for the present crystal, which gave a rapid stress drop and a rapid temperature rise in agreement with the experiments within a factor of 1.5. The present calculation shows that shows that no triggering action is necessary for the initiation of a discontinuous stress drop. A criterion for the thermal instability to occur was also discussed.
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Setsuro Asano, Jiro Yamashita
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1223-1225
Published: May 05, 1973
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Nuclear contact densities for electrons in five alkali metals are calculated from the simulated Hartree-Fock local potential and the Hartree-Fock-Slater self-consistent scheme. The effect of pressure on the Knight shift of five alkali metals is also calculated by KKR method.
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Minoru Fukui, Yoshikazu Hayashi, Hide Yoshioka
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1226-1233
Published: May 05, 1973
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The effects of irradiation on AgCl crystals doped with Cu
2+ ion are studied by the electron spin resonance. A hole released from the Cu
2+ site by irradiation with blue light is self-trapped at an Ag
+ ion site forming an Ag
2+ center. The Ag
2+ center decays by irradiation with infrared light and the Cu
2+ center is reformed. Reorientation of the symmetry axis of the Ag
2+ center by irradiation with polarized IR light is remarkably observed. The result of the analysis shows that the IR absorption band of the Ag
2+ center is composed of two components and the oscillator strength of the predominant component is about 4 times larger than that of the other, where the former and the latter correspond to the absorption of light polarized perpendicular and parallel to the axis of the Jahn-Teller distortion, respectively. The optical transition process is discussed using a model of the tetragonally distorted (AgCl
6)
−4 molecule.
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Shoji Masunaga, Eiichi Matsuyama
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1234-1239
Published: May 05, 1973
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Absorption spectra of NaCl, KCl, KBr and KI crystals doped with In
+ or Sn
++ have been studied under high pressure. In the case of In
+, the splitting energy of the A band and that of the C band become larger as pressure increases. The separation between the center of the A band and that of the C band remains almost constant within the applied pressure in contrast to the increase of the separation between the centers of the A band and the B band. In the case of Sn
++, the splitting energy of the A band and that of the C band remain constant. The B and C bands hardly show any shift. The pressure dependence of the splitting energies of these bands is discussed with the Toyozawa-Inoue’s theory based on the dynamical Jahn-Teller effect.
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Mitsuhiko Hayashi
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1240-1244
Published: May 05, 1973
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The general theory of wall motion in ferroelectric switching (M. Hayashi: J. Phys. Soc. Japan
33 (1972) 616) is applied to BaTiO
3. The theory successfully accounts for the absolute value as well as the field dependence of the wall velocity measured over a wide range of field. The theory also explains the field dependence of the orientation of the growing domains. It is shown on the basis of a microscopic theory that the energy density of the side boundary of a two- or one-dimensional nucleus is smaller than that of a 180° wall.
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Tyuzi Ohyama, Toshi Sanada, Eizo Otsuka
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1245-1247
Published: May 05, 1973
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The low temperature line-broadening of the electron cyclotron resonance in boron-doped silicon observed in the past experiment is reinterpreted in the light of new observation with the time-resolving method. The contribution of lifetime broadening once suggested is negated and scattering by
A+ centers, or positively charged acceptors, is now considered the most dominant source for making the linewidth.
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Tomoyuki Hikita, Kôichi Sakata, Itaru Tatsuzaki
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1248-1253
Published: May 05, 1973
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Proton spin-lattice relaxation time (
T1) in a single crystal of Ca
2Sr(C
2H
5COO)
6(
DSP) has been measured over the temperature range −30°C∼60°C applying the static magnetic field along the
c axis. The temperature was precisely controlled within ±0.05°C using a circulation system of a heat transfer liquid. Special attention was paid upon the anomalous behavior of
T1−1 near the ferroelectric transition temperature. The anomalous part of
T1−1((
T1−1)
fluc) which is caused by the critical fluctuations in the electric dipole system shows the logarithmic divergence (corresponding to the critical index of zero) except very close to the transition temperature both in the paraelectric phase and in the ferroelectric phase. The peak of (
T1−1) rounds off for about |
T−
Tc|⁄
Tc=0.25×10
−2 in the ferroelectric phase, and for about (
T−
Tc)⁄
Tc=0.8×10
−2 in the paraelectric phase.
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Shoichiro Sakoda
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1254-1262
Published: May 05, 1973
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The optical line shape of the exciton in insulators has been investigated. First the effective mass equation for the exciton originating from the degenerate electronic bands is derived. Next the exciton-phonon interaction Hamiltonian is constructed from the extended Bardeen-Shockley deformation potential. The optically allowed exciton states are usually accompanied by spin-triplet states lying below them. The latter are optically inactive, but the former can be scattered into the latter exciton states by acoustic phonons through the interaction Hamiltonian. It is shown by a model calculation for KBr that the line shape of the exciton is much influenced by this scattering mechanism.
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Kenji Natori, Tsuneya Ando, Masaru Tsukada, Kenji Nakao, Yasutada Uemu ...
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1263-1270
Published: May 05, 1973
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The acceptor states associated with the singular valence band structure of tellurium is investigated theoretically and the optical transitions between these states are discussed. Two acceptor states are distinguished with respect to the
H4 valence band; the bonding state and the anti-bonding state. The binding energies of these states are calculated to be 1.12 meV and 0.86 meV respectively. The impurity level of the
H5 valence band, which is an internal level, is also investigated and the level width is estimated to be 5×10
−3 meV. The optical transition between these states is allowed from the bonding level to the internal level when the polarization vector of the light is parallel to the
c-axis. The calculated result of the absorption coefficient is in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Kazuo Gesi
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1271-1275
Published: May 05, 1973
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Comparison of the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant given by empirical dispersion laws of Cole-Cole, Davidson-Cole, Nakamura-Ishida, Hill-Ichiki and Ishibashi-Sawada-Takagi, which have been proposed to interprete the observed polydispersive nature in some ferroelectrics, was made. The frequency dependence of the normalized real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant of ferroelectrics which have been reported to be polydispersive are not very much deviating from that given by the Debye formula. Possible origin of the apparent polydispersive nature of ferroelectrics is discussed.
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U. S. Tandon, S. K. Kor
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1276-1278
Published: May 05, 1973
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Leibfried-Schlömann equation for the lattice thermal conductivity of insulating crystals has been applied to the case of copper, silver and gold. Phonon viscosity, dislocation drag constant and thermal attenuation suffered by longitudinal and shear acoustic waves propagating along the 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 directions in these metals have been evaluated. Attenuation calculated for copper is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data.
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Koichi Ishida, Goro Honjo
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1279-1288
Published: May 05, 1973
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From the study of superlattice reflections in X-ray diffraction, phase transitions at 365°C, 480°C, 520°C, 572°C and 643°C in NaNbO
3 are definitely identified by some distinct changes of the positions and intensities.
The anisotropic diffuse X-ray scatterings have been studied with a special respect to the phase transitions. The modes of vibration which are responsible for the diffuse scatterings are found to be
Γ25 and
M3 modes at R and M points, respectively. It is found from anomalous increases of the diffuse intensities that the M
3 mode condenses at 643°C and E
g mode, into which two of the
Γ25 mode transform, condenses at 572°C.
The behaviors of the zone boundary phonons in NaNbO
3 are compared with those in KMnF
3.
The correlation of superlattice structures with the instability of the zone boundary phonons is discussed.
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Miki Wadati
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1289-1296
Published: May 05, 1973
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It is shown that the Modified Korteweg-de Vries equation can be solved exactly by the “inverse scattering method.” As the special case, the
N-soliton solution is obtained explicitly. It is found that
N-soliton collision in the Modified Korteweg-de Vries equation is essentially the same as that in the Korteweg-de Vries equation;
N-soliton collision is described as the successive collisions of two solitons and there is no effect of multiparticle collisions. Moreover, it is shown that the Modified Korteweg-de Vries equation has new families of the solution.
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Tatsuo Arii
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1297-1302
Published: May 05, 1973
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Electron diffraction patterns including the 111 systematic Kikuchi bands from relatively thin (\lesssim2000 Å) nickel crystals are taken at symmetric incidence below (100 and 195 kV) and above (335, 385 and 470 kV) the critical voltage for the 222 reflection,
Ec=295 kV. As is usually observed, all bands except the 222 band are defect near the incident spot and excess far from it at any accelerating voltage,
E. On the other hand, the 222 band is excess very near the \bar1\bar1\bar1 and 111 reflection spots, defect in the intermediate region and again excess far from the incident spot for
E<
Ec. For
E>
Ec, its contrast reverses in the first and second regions and becomes hardly observable in the third region. The observed behaviour of contrast is interpreted by considering the many-beam effect and the crystal structure factor for Kikuchi pattern.
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Yasuji Kashiwase
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1303-1313
Published: May 05, 1973
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Thermal diffuse scatterings of X-rays by the lowest-order anharmonic vibration of cubic metals are investigated. The scattering which can be regarded as an interference between the harmonic one-phonon and two-phonon scatterings gives rise to asymmetry in the scattering around the reciprocal lattice point. The intensity formula is expressed as products of the elements of the inverse dynamical matrices in the high-temperature approximation. In terms of the inverse dynamical matrix elements for wave vectors up to 4000 in the first Brillouin zone, the intensity distributions of the anharmonic scatterings are evaluated numerically on the symmetry axes of aluminium and lead at room temperature. The observable asymmetries in the intensity distribution of the diffuse scatterings due to the anharmonic scattering are found near the reciprocal lattice points of the both crystals.
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Hirohumi Miki
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1314-1317
Published: May 05, 1973
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X-ray diffraction from NaH
3(SeO
3)
2 was measured together with additional optical observation of domains. The square root of integrated intensity of (5/2 5/2 0) reflection as a function of temperature is approximately proportional to the spontaneous polarization along the [101] direction,
P[101]s. The unit cell parameters measured at 183 K (in phase
II) are
a=20.32A,
b=9.592A,
c=5.759A, α=89°53′, with β=91°7′, γ=90°20′,
z=8 and the space group is confirmed to be
P1. The present results suggest that the upper phase transition in NaH
3(SeO
3)
2 may be not regarded as a typical order-disorder type. Discussions are shortly given for the result obtained.
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Takashi Kushida
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1318-1326
Published: May 05, 1973
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Calculations made of the rates for several processes involving interactions between rare earth ions in crystals, such as resonance energy transfer, cooperative excitation transfer and cooperative optical transitions. These processes are assumed to originate from the electric multipole interactions between the ions concerned. A tensor operator method is employed in order to take account of the individual characters of the energy levels involved in the transition. Evaluation of the typical transition probability is also made on the lowest-order parity-allowed processes in nearest neighbour ions. The rates for the resonance transfer and cooperative transfer processes thus estimated are much smaller than those obtained by Miyakawa and Dexter.
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Takashi Kushida
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1327-1333
Published: May 05, 1973
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Using the transition probabilities obtained by the method of the previous paper I, efficiencies of several infrared-to-visible conversion processes, as well as rates for resonance energy transfer and cooperative optical transition, are calculated and compared with experiments. Agreement seems to be satisfactory if the approximations adopted in the computation are considered. Comparisons are also made between the present estimates and other calculations.
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Takashi Kushida
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1334-1337
Published: May 05, 1973
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Estimations are made of the critical concentration of energy-acceptor ions for which the average efficiency of the excitation transfer from energy-donor ions is 1/2. This gives a measure of the activator concentration at which Inokuti and Hirayama’s theory is no longer applicable. Study is also made of the dominant multipole interaction responsible for the energy transfer between rare earth ions in inorganic solids. Finally, importance of the
J-selection rule in the determination of the dominant interaction term in the resonance transfer and cooperative processes is emphasized.
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Tôsaku Kimura, Ayao Amemiya
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1338-1346
Published: May 05, 1973
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Intrinsic viscosity of spherical polymer molecules is calculated on the assumption that the density of segments inside each spherical molecule is represented as an arbitrary function of the distance from its center. The hydrodynamical equations are solved in Stokes’ approximation by making use of the spherical harmonics. Both solutions for the inside and outside of the spherical molecule are connected continuously, the energy dissipation is calculated, and the intrinsic viscosity is derived along the similar line with Einstein’s work. Debye and Bueche’s result for the constant segmental distribution is given as a simple example of our theoretical treatment. Sedimentation of spherical polymer molecules is solved on the same way.
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Ayao Amemiya
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1347-1350
Published: May 05, 1973
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The change of molecular size distribution of polymers due to the formation of crosslinks accompanied with scission is studied.
Fundamental equation of size distribution of polymers of a new type is proposed.
The condition for gelation in our case is obtained in a simple form.
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S. K. Bhattacharyya, A. K. Pal, A. K. Barua
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1351-1355
Published: May 05, 1973
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The thermal diffusion factor, α
T, of the systems Ne–CH
3Cl and Ar–CH
3Cl, have been studied by the two-bulb method as functions of temperature and composition. The α
T vs temperature curves for both the systems show natures which cannot be explained qualitatively by the elastic theory using the generally accepted values of the force parameters and the Lennard-Jones type of potentials. The force parameters obtained by fitting the temperature dependence of α
T data fail to represent the composition dependence of α
T for both the systems. The inelastic theory of Monchick
et al. for α
T shows partial success for the systems under consideration. It is concluded that most probably a better representation of intermolecular potential than the Lennard-Jones type of potentials and consideration of inelastic collisions are necessary to explain the α
T data for the systems.
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S. K. Bhattacharyya, A. K. Pal
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1356-1359
Published: May 05, 1973
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Thermal diffusion factor α
T of the inert gas mixtures Ne–Kr and Ar–Kr have been studied by the two-bulb method as functions of temperature and composition. The experimental data could not be interpreted satisfactorily in terms of the Chapman-Enskog theory and the commonly used forms of the intermolecular potential. It has also been shown that contrary to the suggestion of Grew and Wakeham the observed discrepancies are not due to the effect of dimerization.
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Shinji Hiroe
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1360-1366
Published: May 05, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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The cyclotron harmonic waves propagating at right angles to the static magnetic lines of forces, are excited in an inhomogeneous plasma. The measured dispersion relations are in good agreement with a collisionless theory, not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. It is made clear that the excited waves propagate within the core of the plasma bounded by the upper hybrid (ω
P2(
r)>ω
2−ω
c2), and these waves are propagating rather than standing.
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Yoshinori Inoue, Koichi Tanaka
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1367-1372
Published: May 05, 1973
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Nonlinear hydromagnetic waves in a hot collisionless plasma are investigated, on the basis of a two-fluid model of plasma composed of cold ions and isothermal electrons. In this paper (Part I), wave trains propagating
across a magnetic field are studied analytically. An existence condition for solutions is exactly obtained, and the typical wave profiles are given graphically.
These waves are qualitatively similar to those in a cold plasma. The width of the wave is of the order of the geometric mean between the Larmor radii of the electron and of the ion. As limiting cases, they include two special solutions which have already known, that is, (i) solitary wave solutions in a hot plasma, (ii) wave train solutions in a cold plasma.
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Haruichi Washimi
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1373-1383
Published: May 05, 1973
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The self-focusing of the transverse waves (comprising the whistler, Alfvénic and electromagnetic modes) propagating along an applied magnetic field in a plasma of finite temperature is discussed. The method of stretching which has been used by Taniuti and Washimi is applied. It is shown that behaviours of the wave amplitude are described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and that the threshold power for the self-focusing becomes very small not only at the special frequency for the whistler wave which was already obtained in the previous paper but also at a frequency for the Alfvén wave. The expression of the coefficient of the nonlinear term of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is revised.
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Kenji Abe
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1384-1389
Published: May 05, 1973
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It is shown that steady and laminar shock waves can propagate along a uniform magnetic field in a hot collisionless plasma. These shock waves are exact numerical solutions of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations except for the assumption that distribution functions of ions and electrons have nonzero values only at some discrete points in the velocity space. No irreversible mechanism, such as anomalous resistivity, is introduced to derive the shock-type solutions. It is found that the longitudinal collisionless shock waves are not so effective for the heating of plasma as expected from the classical gasdynamic shock relations.
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Hiroshi Tanaka
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1390-1395
Published: May 05, 1973
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A scheme of successive approximation based on the truncated Gram-Charlier expansion is applied to the inviscid Burgers turbulence. The velocity correlation and the energy spectrum are calculated numerically by solving a closed system of equations. At any order of approximation the energy sepctrum turns out to develop negative values during its evolution in time, but the negative energy first appears at larger wave-number ranges as the order of approximation increases though it appears at earlier time. At the range of relatively small wave-number corresponding to energy-containing eddies the energy spectrum of successive order of approximation seems to approach to a limiting curve. Thus it may be said that the present scheme of successive approximation is convergent at the energy-containing wave-number range.
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Hisao Mizumoto
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1396-1401
Published: May 05, 1973
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Two-dimensional steady flow of an incompressible fluid with constant viscosity is treated. A method to find a numerical solution of the flow around an
arbitrary obstacle is presented. By an application of the theory of conformal mapping, the problem is reduced to a boundary value problem of partial differential equations on a rectangular domain. Then the difference analogue of the problem on the rectangular domain can be approximately solved on a digital computer. Some results of numerical calculations are reported for a number of cases where the obstacles are an ellipse and a Joukowski profile, the Reynolds numbers being 10, 50 and 100.
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K. C. Balan, A. Ramachandra Rao, Rathna Devanathan
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1402-1407
Published: May 05, 1973
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The effect of stratification is investigated on the time-dependent motion of a viscous fluid between two infinite rotating disks. Exact solutions are given for the linearized equations under Boussinesq approximation. The steady solutions of this problem obtained by Niimi (J. Phys. Soc. Japan
31 (1971) 1567) are criticized and the correct solutions are presented as a limiting case of our results when
t→∞. The velocity and temperature distributions are discussed in detail for small Ekman numbers.
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Kanefusa Gotoh, Jiro Mizushima
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1408-1413
Published: May 05, 1973
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Effects of a vertical temperature gradient on the instability of a convection between two parallel vertical walls of different temperature is investigated.
The critical Grashof number
Gc for the instability amplifying the disturbance of convection type is obtained in the case of Prandtl number=7.5 (water). Change of
Gc is illustrated graphically, the most part of which can be expressed by the following simple relation:
(
Remark: Graphics omitted.)
where
m=(βσ
G⁄4)
1⁄4, β is the non-dimensional temperature gradient and σ is the Prandtl number of the fluid.
The instability changes, when
m exceeds a certain critical value, into that of the other type amplifying the travelling wave mode.
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Hakaru Masumoto, Kiyoshi Watanabe, Masao Mitera
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1414
Published: May 05, 1973
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Takashi Hashimoto, Kazuhiro Hara, Takashi Hashimoto, Kunito Okamoto, H ...
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1415
Published: May 05, 1973
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Masatake Takahashi, Hideki Nishida, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Yutaka Sugita
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1416
Published: May 05, 1973
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Hideoki Kadomatsu, Hironobu Fujii, Tetsuhiko Okamoto
1973 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages
1417
Published: May 05, 1973
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