Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
Volume 35, Issue 2
Displaying 1-50 of 63 articles from this issue
  • Minoru Adachi, Hiroshi Taketani
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 317-324
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Gamma ray spectra and the angular distributions for the 1975 keV resonance, which is the strongest of the seven resonances associated with the 49Ca ground state analogue in the 48Ca(p, γ) reaction, have been measured with Ge(Li) detector. Gamma-gamma coincidence spectra have also been measured to confirm the decay scheme. To identify the transitions between the low-lying states, gamma rays from the 48Ca(d, nγ)49Sc reaction have been measured at Ed=3.0 MeV. Spins and parities of some of the levels in 49Sc as well as the tentative gamma decay scheme have been determined from these data with the aids of previous reaction data.
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  • Minoru Adachi, Hiroshi Taketani
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 325-329
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Gamma rays from the strongest five of seven resonances associated with the 49Ca ground-state analogue in the reaction 48Ca(p, γ)49Sc have been measured. The B(M1) for the gamma decay of the isobaric analogue state (IAS) to the 3082 keV anti-isobaric analogue state (AIAS) is found to be 1.2×10−2 W. U., which is hindered by a factor of ∼1.7×10−2 with respect to a simple shell model prediction. This hindrance has been found to be due to the fact that several levels at around 6.5 MeV, which presumably arise from the core-polarization configuration, absorb most of the M1 strength. The correspondence between the strength of the Gamow-Teller (GT) beta transition from the 49Ca g. s. to the 3082 keV state in 49Sc and the strength of the σ-part of the M1 transition from the IAS to the AIAS is discussed.
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  • Hiroaki Tsubota, Nobuaki Kawamura, Siro Oikawa, Masumi Sugawara, Katsu ...
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 330-336
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The energy spectra of photoprotons have been measured for 31P with the electrodisintegration at 90°. The differential cross sections of the (γ, p0) and the (γ, p1) reactions are derived from them. Many fine structures are found in the results. The most of the structures found in the spectra can be explained by the (γ, p0) component. The result of the (γ, p0) cross section is compared with the 32S(γ, p0)31P cross section. Both the results agree well each other in the gross structures, but the absolute value of the 31P(γ, p0)30Si differential cross section is much smaller than that of the 32S(γ, p0)31P reaction. The (γ, p1) differential cross section seems to show some gross structures though the errors of the result are rather large. Discussions are made with a single particle excitation process of the valence nucleon.
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  • Osamu Hashimoto, Toru Nomura, Toshimitsu Yamazaki, Kazumasa Miyano, Ma ...
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 337-340
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The g factor of the 0.46 μ sec 8+ state in 86Sr has been measured by the time-differential perturbed-angular-distribution method with a pulsed beam of 51 MeV protons. The result, g=−0.241±0.015, shows that the additivity relation between the (νg9⁄2−2)8+ state in 86Sr and the (νg9⁄2−1)9⁄2+ state in 87Sr holds well.
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  • Akira Isoya, Tokihiro Kuroyanagi, Yutaka Nakajima, Takashi Maki, Takao ...
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 341-347
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The level structure of 69Ge has been investigated by observing both de-excitation gamma rays and conversion electrons following the 69Ga(p,n)69Ge reaction at the proton energies between 3.4 and 5.0 MeV. By the analysis of the measured excitation functions of de-excitation gamma rays, twenty-two excited levels of 69Ge have been found up to 1.8 MeV in the excitation energy. From the branching ratios of the gamma rays and the conversion coefficients, multipolarities of some of the transitions and spins of five low-lying levels were determined.
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  • N. Ahmed, M. A. Rahman, M. A. Awal, M. Rahman, S. Katun, H. M. Sen Gup ...
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 348-356
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Isobaric analogue states of 56Mn in the compound nucleus 56Fe are investigated with (p, γ) and (p, n) reaction up to proton energy of ∼3 MeV and Coulomb displacement energy derived from the measurement is (8.641±0.047) MeV. Some of the analogue resonances display a fine structure superimposed on a gross structure and are analysed using the resonance formalism of Robson.
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  • Isao Minagawa
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 357-363
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The mobility of an ionic defect, H3O+ defect, in ice is studied on a new model which introduces both coherence in successive transfer-steps of a H3O+ defect and randomness in transfer direction. States containing a H3O+ defect are assumed to be coupled with each other by tunneling of proton to form wave-like states as in the case of spin waves in ferromagnetic crystals. The density of states of the coupled system, approximated by a Bethe lattice, is calculated. The mobility of H3O+ defect is calculated using the Kubo formula. The mobility converges because of the randomness in transfer direction though no other scattering mechanisms are assumed. The value of mobility is obtained as 1.8×10−5 cm2/V·sec at −10°C. Because of coherence the mobility of H3O+ defect is estimated at about 15 times the mobility calculated for incoherent transfer.
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  • Koichiro Matsuno
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 364-371
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The energy of the soft mode associated with a structural transition in a solid decreases as |TTc|1⁄3 as the temperature T approaches the critical temperature Tc, which is identical to the real transition temperature if the transition is of the continuous second order. In a liquid-solid transition, an excitation with a nonvanishing momentum will become soft to finally result in the appearance of a periodic structure as the temperature approaches the transition point TLS from above if the cause to yield the metastable characteristic of the liquid phase does not affect the dynamics of the softening very much. The energy of the excitation decreases as |TTc|1⁄3 for the temperature decreasing toward a critical temperature Tc which is always less than the real transition temperature TLS.
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  • Ichiya Sadakata
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 372-380
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The equations for the one particle Green’s function for strongly correlated electrons in a narrow band with impurities are derived by using the coherent potential approximation. The solution of the equations is given in the special case corresponding to Cr doped V2O3 and, by using it, the effects of impurities on the metal-insulator transition and the optical absorption spectra, are studied.
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  • Yukio Osaka
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 381-389
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The relation between a coefficient of high frequency conductivity and the collision term of “Boltzmann” equation is noted, in the weak coupling. By applying of this equation to the polaron problem we justify Kadanoff’s Boltzmann equation for polarons. The simplified from of this equation in the dc case will be discussed.
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  • Toyonori Munakata
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 390-395
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Brownian motion of a nonlinear oscillator which was studied by Bixon and Zwanzig who started with a nonlinear Langevin equation is re-examined from first principles with the use of a model system in which a nonlinear oscillator is embedded in a heat reservoir composed of a simple cubic lattice. Nonlinear theory of fluctuation recently developed by Mori and Fujisaka is used to obtain a non-linear Langevin equation and a linear non-Markoffian kinetic equation with a renormalized friction term. It is shown that this equation has the same form as that derived by Bixon and Zwanzig.
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  • Hideo Nagayoshi, Masaru Tsukada, Kenji Nakao, Yasutada Uemura
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 396-403
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The band calculations are made for graphite by the orthogonalized-plane-wave (OPW) representation in the parallel direction to the layer and by the tight-binding (TB) one in the normal direction. The calculated σ as well as π bands of a monolayer of graphite explain fairly. well the various structures observed in the imaginary part of dielectric constant. The band parameters of the Slonczewski-Weiss Hamiltonian, which describes the Fermi surface of three-dimensional graphite, are calculated by this method, but they are found not in good agreement with those determined by experiments. The spin-orbit coupling constant is also calculated by this method, and the negative value is obtained.
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  • Yoshinori Chikaura, Tsutomu Mori, Sigemaro Nagakura
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 404-408
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The orientation of 90° wall in iron has been studied theoretically by taking the effect of magnetostriction into account. The 90° domain is strained in order to keep the lattice coherency at the wall. The strain in the domain is calculated according to the continuum theory of dislocations. The stable wall orientation determined by the sum of the wall, elastic strain and magnetoeiastic energies depends on the domain size: the angle between the wall and the plane containing the magnetization vectors increases from 62° to 90° with the domain size. This result is compared with the wall orientation determined experimentally from X-ray topographic images of 90° walls in iron whiskers. Agreement between the theory and experiment is satisfactory.
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  • Yuji Asada, Hiroshi Nosé
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 409-413
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Magnetic properties of TiFexCo1−x have been measured at temperatures between 4.2 and 300 K. For the compositions of 0.4≤x≤0.8 they are interpreted in terms of a weak itinerant electron ferromagnet model. The slope in the M2 versus HM curves rapidly increases with decreasing of iron concentration, which is in good agreement with the result expected from the electronic specific heat coefficient.
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  • Masaru Mita, Hajime Shimizu
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 414-418
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The three-magnon linewidth in the ferromagnetic resonance absorption experiment of Zn2Y (Ba2Zn2Fe12O22), which arises from destruction of a k=0 magnon with the simultaneous creation of two magnons having half the uniform mode frequency and having equal and opposite wavenumber vectors, is measured separately from the other linewidths. The theoretical three-magnon linewidth is calculated by the transition probability method for the anisotropy energy and demagnetizing energy. The complete agreement between the experimental three-magnon linewidth and the theoretical one is achieved when the effective exchange constants are D=0.13×10−9 Oe cm2 and D⁄⁄=6.8×10−9 Oe cm2 within and between the crystallographic c planes.
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  • Masaaki Matsui, Kiyoo Sato, Kengo Adachi
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 419-425
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    We have determined the crystallographic as well as the magnetic phase diagrams of the fcc γ-phase in the ternary Co–Mn–Fe system. In the ferromagnetic region, the appearance of the ferromagnetic moment was obtained in terms of ea-value and conditions of the occurrence of Invar effect were pointed out. While, in the antiferromagnetic region, the characteristic temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility was observed, a gap-type antiferromagnetism in the (CoMn)1−xFex was found by resistivity measurements and some relations to the antiferromagnetic properties of γ-Fe were shown. The obtained results were discussed from the band-theoretical stand point and the magnetic interaction in this system was mentioned.
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  • Kengo Adachi, Kiyoo Sato, Masaaki Matsui, Shigeshi Mitani
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 426-433
    Published: August 05, 1973
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    The spin structure and the atomic ordering of fcc (CoMn)1−xFex have been investigated by powdered and the single crystals. The spin structure was determined to be similar to that of γ-Fe, where the inclination angle of spins and the temperature dependence of the sublattice moment were given. No atomic ordering in this system was confirmed, and some diffuse scattering of CoMn around the (100)M reflection just below the Néel point was found. A universal relationship between the Néel point and the lattice parameter for the γ-Fe like antiferromagnetic alloys was found and an interpretation about the fundamental magnetic properties reported in the preceding paper was given.
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  • Takuma Ishikawa
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 434-437
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The excitation energies of the localized modes in a Heisenberg ferromagnet with an impurity spin are calculated by the spin wave method. The impurity spin has a large uniaxial anisotropy and the different easy axis from that of host spins. Two localized modes are obtained. One of them has a positive energy irrespective of the anisotropy of the impurity spin, while the other has the energy whose sign depends upon the magnitude of the anisotropy of the impurity spin.
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  • Masanori Isshiki, Mituru Hashimoto, Kenjiro Kambe
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 438-442
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A study is made of the magnetic properties of polycrystalline films of CrTe1−xSbx(0≤x≤0.4) through ferromagnetic resonance in the temperature range from liquid nitrogen temperature to room temperature. The observation of spin wave resonance is disturbed because of the broadening of the resonance lines unless x<0.3 or the temperature is far below the Curie temperature TC. The exchange coupling constant A in CrTe film is evaluated to be 0.37×10−6 erg/cm at 77 K. The value of A decreases gradually as TC is approached or x increases. The dependence of A on temperature is generally consistent with that for Co metal given by Tannenwald and Weber or Cu–Ni alloys by Nosé from spin wave resonance. The g-factor is nearly constant at low temperatures but increases rather abruptly as TC is approached. This behavior of g is explained on the basis of two layer-sublattices with a canted spin structure.
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  • Jun Yamauchi, Kimio Adachi, Yasuo Deguchi
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 443-447
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The heat capacity of polycrystalline organic free radical, p-Cl–BDPA, has been measured between 1.5 and 20 K. The broad maximum near 5 K in the magnetic heat capacity corresponds the short range magnetic ordering of the unpaired electron. At 3.25 K a sharp peak was observed, which indicates paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transition. The magnetic entropy of this transition yields 101.5% of the expected Rln2. Below TN the magnetic heat capacity was in good agreement with the three-dimensional spin wave theory of antiferromagnet.
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  • Kenzo Shibata, Hiroshi Watanabe, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Takeshi Shinohara
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 448-451
    Published: August 05, 1973
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    Magnetization measurements were made on a single crystal of ferromagnetic MnAlGe from 4.2 K to 350 K in order to determine the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant K1. The saturation moment and K1 extrapolated to 0 K are 1.70 μB/Mn and 9.7×106 erg/cc, respectively. The observed temperature dependence of K1, after corrected for dipole-dipole interaction energy, is expressed in terms of the saturation magnetization σ as 10.7×106[σ(T)⁄σ(0)]3.08 erg/cc, in good agreement with the spin wave theory which predicts the exponent 3.
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  • Masanori Hidaka, Masayuki Sakai, Hayami Hosokawa, Junji Sakurai
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 452-455
    Published: August 05, 1973
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    The paramagnetic Curie temperature θp is measured for the alloys Gd(Al1−xCux)2 and Gd(Al1−xNix)2. The values of θp plotted versus the number of conduction electrons n0 are found on a single curve. The decrease of θp with decreasing n0 is in contradiction with the prediction made by Buschow et al. on the basis of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida theory. A reinterpretation of the result based on the same theory is given.
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  • Nobuhiro Shiotani, Takuya Okada, Hisashi Sekizawa, Tadashi Mizoguchi, ...
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 456-460
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The angular correlation of annihilation radiation in ferromagnetic nickel single crystals has been measured by using standard parallel-slit system with a newly developed 90Nb positron source. The crystals were oriented in the [100] and [110] directions. The observed angular distribution curves were anisotropic with appreciable structures. Interpretation of the angular distribution in terms of the shapes of the Fermi surfaces alone were not successful, indicating that consideration of the Bloch character of the electrons in 3d bands is important.
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  • Yoshio Sumitomo, Takeshi Moriya, Hiromitsu Ino, F. Eiichi Fujita
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 461-468
    Published: August 05, 1973
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    The magnetic properties and bonding natures of the Fe–V and Fe–Cr σ phase were studied by the Mössbauer effect and saturation magnetization measurements.
    The Mössbauer absorption spectra of the Fe–V σ phase alloys measured at 77 K showed the hyperfine broadening due to overlapping of small internal magnetic fields. Each spectrum was decomposed into four components: The internal magnetic field on one site (I site) is nearly zero, and those on the other three sites (III, IV and V site) vary from 61 kOe to 135 kOe, 16 kOe to 65 kOe and 38 kOe to 103 kOe, respectively, with increasing iron composition. Applying the modified Pauling valence model developed by Mori and Mitsui, the obtained values of the internal fields were reasoned and, therefore, the covalent bonding nature in this structure was confirmed.
    In the Fe–Cr σ phase containing 46.8 at% Cr, hyperfine broadening was observed at 4.2 K and a similar analysis and discussion are made.
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  • Kenji Sumiyama, Masayuki Shiga, Yoji Nakamura
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 469-472
    Published: August 05, 1973
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    The temperature dependence of the Hall effect has been measured in the Invar type f.c.c. Fe65(Ni1−xMnx)35 alloys. The experimental results can be fairly well represented by the equation, Ro*=Ro+Re·4π(∂M⁄∂H). The behavior of the apparent Hall coefficient Ro* is closely connected with the magnetic properties of the alloys. Especially in the antiferromagnetic concentration region; 1) for x=0.4 and 0.5, the coefficient Ro* has a maximum at the Néel temperature, which may be associated with the maximum of the magnetic susceptibility χ, 2) for x=0.8 and 1.0, there is no maximum at the Néel temperature in Ro* and χ either, but Ro* shows a monotonic increase with decreasing temperature below the Néel temperature, which seems to correspond to the formation of an energy gap in momentum space due to antiferromagnetic ordering, as in the case of Cr. The positive sign of the presumed ordinary Hall coefficient suggests that the 3d-holes greatly contribute to the conduction.
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  • Makoto Hirabayashi, Sadae Yamaguchi, Tetsuji Arai
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 473-481
    Published: August 05, 1973
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    Crystal structure and phase transition in the hafnium-oxygen system containing 10–20 at% O have been studied by means of electron, neutron and X-ray diffraction and calorimetry as well. The oxygen atoms occupy the octahedral holes in h.c.p. metal lattice and two types of interstitial superstructures are found at the hypo- and hyper-stoichiometric composition HfO1⁄6− and HfO1⁄6+ below 430°C. The lattice constants of the hexagonal supercells are respectively a=\sqrt3a0, c=3c0 and a=\sqrt3a0, c=2c0, where a0∼3.2Å and c0∼5.1Å are those of the metal lattice. The oxygen sublattices are described in terms of the stacking sequence of interstick layer parallel to the close-pack planes of the metal atoms, which varies continuously from (Remark: Graphics omitted.) for HfO1⁄6− to (Remark: Graphics omitted.) for HfO1⁄6+. The concentration dependence of the ordered structures is interpreted in terms of strain ordering.
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  • Kentaro Yoshida
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 482-488
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    δ(Mn–Al) disordered structure has a peculiar character that its second axis changes its direction according as the unit layer takes different stacking positions in the a·c-plane. In order to get an intensity expression available for this case, a little more complicated case is treated where the thicknesses of the layers are different. For this purpose, the Q matrix is conveniently modified as a product of three matrices, i.e. the one representing the phase factors corresponding to the thickness of the layer, the one representing the continuing probabilities and the one representing phase factor corresponding to the parallel displacement to a·c-plane. By the use of this Q matrix, the intensity equation is calculated. As a special case of this equation, the diffuse intensity expression for δ(Mn–Al) structure is obtained. The expression shows that there should be diffuse streaks along all the lines of hηl, with only one exception of 0η0. Diffuseness and peak shift are different from line to line, since they are dependent on the indices, h and l.
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  • Akira Nagasawa
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 489-494
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The phase transition and the related properties in AgCd have been examined. In the alloy, two types of the phase transitions proceed successively both upon cooling and under the external stress field. In the initial step transition, a tetragonal type of the lattice is formed through the periodic shears on every two (110) planes in the CsCl type matrix. While the final step transition produces thermoelastically the 3R, 9R and 2H type martensites in the order of appearence with increasing Cd content in the alloy. The alloy exhibits anomalous stress-strain behaviours such as drastic shape memory effect and unique strain-reversion phenomenon at room temperature. The transition mechanisms and the origin of related properties are discussed in detail.
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  • Tetsuhiko Tomiki, Takeo Miyata, Hirokazu Tsukamoto
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 495-507
    Published: August 05, 1973
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    The spectra of reflectivity R(E), dielectric constant ε2(E) and loss Im \hatε(E)−1 in the fundamental region of K-halides, measured at room and low temperatures, are presented. The line-shape parameters for the Γ-exciton lines are determined as a function of temperature for KF, KBr and KI. The presence of the LO-phonon sideband is confirmed on all the K-halides except KF. The antiresonance dip found in the continuum region of the lowestenergy Γ-exciton of KI is interpreted in terms of the excion-continuum interaction proposed by Onodera. Considerations are given on the uncertainties in the line-shape parameters which are due to the errors of the absolute megnitude of R(E) and also due to the approximation procedures in the Kramers-Kronig analysis.
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  • S. B. S. Sastry, V. Viswanathan, C. Ramasastry
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 508-513
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The optical absorption spectra of x-irradiated lead doped NaCl and KCl crystals taken at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures show a new absorption band at 254 nm and an additional absorption in the 310 nm region. In the case of x-irradiated KBr:Pb crystal a new band at 278 nm is observed. These bands are attributed to Pb+ centres from optical bleaching and other studies.
    The structure of the characteristic B band of Pb++ion observed for the first time in heavily doped KCl:Pb (=500 ppm) is also discussed.
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  • Uichi Itoh
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 514-517
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The photocurrent in the anthracene crystal remarkably increases when trapped carriers were charged. It is explained as the optical release of the carriers from a deep trap, that is, detrapping process. By use of the increase of the photocurrent due to the detrapping, the informations on the carrier trapping mechanism and on the energy-depth of the deep trap were obtained. The energy-depth of the deep trap in anthracene was about 3 eV. In order to know the behavior of the deep trap, this method is useful.
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  • Taisu Chong, Noriaki Itoh
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 518-524
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of naphthalene single crystals irradiated with X-rays or electrons at liquid nitrogen temperature have been studied. The vibronic structures of the optical absorption bands at 539, 632, and 710 nm have been analyzed. It is shown that each of the species associated with these absorption bands has another transition in the visible or ultraviolet region, and it is concluded that they are cyclohexadienyl-type radicals. The change of the EPR spectrum at room temperature of a specimen irradiated at liquid nitrogen temperature was analyzed and it was found that the broad EPR doublet, which has been ascribed to the naphthyl radical, decays according to the first reaction kinetics with the time constant of 11 hours at room temperature.
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  • Hitoshi Shinno, Ryozo Yoshizaki, Shoji Tanaka, Takao Doi, Hiroshi Kami ...
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 525-533
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The structure of conduction band edge of tellurium was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The interband magneto-absorption was measured and the two series of the absorption lines were observed for H⁄⁄c. The magnetic field dependence of the peaks for Hc was more complicated reflecting the valence band structure. The conduction band structure was derived theoretically with the effective Hamiltonian method, and it indicated that the k-linear terms play an important role, particularly in the appearance of the above two series. The comparison of theoretical and experimental results yielded determination of the band parameters, which reproduce well the experimental results. As a result, it was found that the conduction band consists of two ellipsoids with effective masses at the minima m=0.104 m0, m⁄⁄=0.070 m0 and with g⁄⁄=−9.86, |g|=1.9. The binding energy of an exciton is calculated to be 0.69 meV and the exciton band has the double minimum, reflecting the large k-linear term in the valence band.
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  • Hiroto Kuroda, Shigeo Shionoya, Hiroshi Saito, Eiichi Hanamura
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 534-542
    Published: August 05, 1973
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    The Bose condensation of many exciton system is observed experimentally for the first time. It is found that excitonic molecules in CdSe exhibit the Bose condensation when the excitation is given at 1.8∼4.2 K by pico-second light pulses from a mode-locked neodymium glass laser. This is concluded from the experimental facts that (1) an extremely sharp luminescence line attributed to originate from the k=0 condensed excitonic molecules is observed, (2) this sharp line is accompanied by the side-band on the low energy side and the spectrum is well understood by the theory developed by one of the authors, and (3) this line is produced within a limited range of excitation density which is wider at 1.8 K than at 4.2 K. Some arguments are presented on the importance of the use of the pico-second pulse excitation for the realization of the condensation.
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  • Takeo Takizawa, Hirohito Fukutani, Goro Kuwabara
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 543-550
    Published: August 05, 1973
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    The piezoreflectance spectra of GaP and Ge are studied at 300 K in the spectral range 1.9 to 5.3 eV. In GaP the structure at 2.7 eV is confirmed to arise from a transition from a p-like state to an s-like state. The spin-orbit splitting of the p-like state is obtained as 0.05 eV. From the dependence of the reflectivity change on polarization and stress direction, the E1 structure at 3.7 eV is shown to be a superposition of two singularities of different types. The energies of the E0′ and E2 edges agree with those obtained by electroreflectance measurements, but the location of the E2 edge in k-space conflicts with the previous assignment. In Ge, the E0′ edge is shown to be located along a [001] direction. The type of the E1 edge and the locations of the E2 edge in k-space are also discussed.
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  • Satoru J. Miyake
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 551-557
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Impurity states in strong magnetic field are examined in the adiabatic approximation, to obtain the oscillator strength for the transition in which the Landau quantum number changes more than one. For this purpose, the wave functions for the motion in the field direction are numerically integrated for several values of (al)2, where a=κh2m*e2 and l2=hceB. The calculated intensities are about 20 times as large as those observed in InSb by Apel and Poehler, if the electron redistribution on changing the field is ignored. Also the effect is considered of other impurities, and of the interaction with acoustic phonons. The former is negligible when the overlap of the ground state wave function is small, while the latter is negligible under ordinary experimental conditions.
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  • Tadashi Kobayashi
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 558-572
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    EPR spectra of KDP (KH2PO4):Cr3+ have been studied to reveal mech-anism of the ferroelectric and ferroelectric phase transition. There are two kinds of Cr3+ ion sites in the para phase and these sites are divided into two slightly different kinds of sites in the ferro phase which reflects the domain structure. An EPR sample holder with a uniaxial stress squeezer is designed; the domain switching by electric field and by uniaxial stress is observed. The Cr3+ ions of site I substitutionally take the position of K+ ions and the spin Hamiltonian parameters are gX=gY=gZ=1.97, |D|=0.455 cm−1, |E|=0.143 cm−1, and D·E>0. The transition at site I is related to the second-order transition, on the other hand, the one at site II, the first-order transition. Therefore the first and second order transitions, which are anharmonically coupled to each other, are there. Dielectric, thermal and optical properties are also studied.
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  • Yasuji Kashiwase, Yoshiro Kainuma, Yoshiharu Matsuoka
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 573-577
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The purpose of this work is to investigate the diffuse streak patterns in X-ray diffraction quantitatively by numerical calculation of the three dimensional intensity distribution of the thermal diffuse scattering in the reciprocal space of aluminium at 293 K. The contributions of the harmonic first- and second-order thermal diffuse scatterings and the lowest-order anharmonic scattering were evaluated individually.
    The calculation was carried out by the use of the inverse dynamical matrices for up to 4000 samples of wave vectors within the first Brillouin zone. The data of the interatomic force constants were taken from Gilat and Nicklow’s article (Phys. Rev. 143 (1966) 487), in which the axially symmetric Born-von Kármán force constant model including nearest neighbours from the first to the eighth was used.
    The results of our calculation agree with photographic observation of the diffuse streaks well.
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  • S. Radhakrishna, A. M. Karguppikar
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 578-581
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Pure undamaged NaBrO3 crystals shows four Raman lines arising from the internal oscillations in the BrO3 ion besides a few other Raman lines due to lattice oscillations. On radiation damage by X-rays or γ-rays some new lines in the crystal are observed. Two of these at frequencies 680, 925 cm−1 are of particular significance. It is postulated that by irradiation certain number of BrO3 ions which initially have a pyramidal stucture loose the bromine leaving the three oxygen atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle. Such a postulate leads to a satisfactory explanation of the appearance of the two new lines as it is well known that an equilateral triangular structure should exhibit two normal oscillations, both of which are Raman active. Correlated optical and IR studies lend support to such an interpretation.
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  • Sadamu Tahira, Nobuo Oda
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 582-591
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The double differential cross sections (ddcs’s) for secondary electrons resulting from ionizing collisions of electrons with helium atoms have been calculated with three kinds of approximations; the scaled Born approximation, the plane-wave Born approximation, and the binary encounter theory. The energies of incident electrons are 500 eV and 2000 eV, and the energies of secondary electrons are 5∼200 eV. While the ddcs’s calculated by the scaled Born approximation excellently well reproduce the experimental ddcs’s for 2000 eV electron impact, the discrepancies between theory and experiment are rather remarkably in the low and intermediate energy regions of secondary electrons for 500 eV electron impact. The ddcs’s in the intermediate angular range are well reproduced by the binary encounter theory, which also yields the forward rise experimentally observed in the angular distributions. The agreement between the experimental and the plane-wave Born cross sections is very poor in the energy regions of incident and secondary electrons of interest here.
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  • Hiroyuki Mori
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 592-599
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The spatial growing plasma wave excited by an electron beam been studied. The gradual change of the dispersion roots from the cold beam type to the hot beam type was observed and it was in good agreement with the theoretical prediction by O’Neil and Malmberg. The nonlinear saturation mechanism of the growing plasma wave was also interpreted by the change of the dispersion roots which was caused by the feedback effect of the wave on the beam particles. Hence, the harmonic spectrum near onset of the saturation did not show the power spectrum of ω−5 or ω−2.5. The termination of the saturation level of the unstable plasma wave was observed for the case of the high beam current, but the mechanism is not clear.
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  • Shinsuke Watanabe
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 600-608
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    An evolution of ion waves is experimentally examined from the marginally stable state up to the turbulent state. The threshold value of the electron drift velocity and the frequency at the onset of the instability are measured. In the unstable state, the spectrum of the ion wave depends on the electron drift. In the turbulent state, however, the shape of the spectrum is almost constant independent of the drift velocity. The wave energy piles up near the ion collision frequency and the wave potential φω decreases like φω∝ω−2∼ω−2.5. The energy of the ion wave grows with the drift velocity, but eventually saturates due to the electron trapping. We observe also a slow ion wave mode in the turbulent plasma. The results are qualitatively explained by the theories of ion wave turbulence.
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  • Akira Yokoyama
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 609-613
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The method of operators utilized effectively for calculating the field of a dipole above the plane earth is applied to the problem of a line source parallel to a homogeneous plasma layer being modified in order to be adapted for the two-dimensional case. It is pointed out that the generation of the pole waves such as surface waves or leaky waves is denied even in the case of an anisotropic or compressible plasma so far as the continuity of the energy flow is assured. The evidence is based upon the cancellation of the residue term at the pole by the exact calculation of the contribution from the pole in the contour integral in the same manner as in the case of the surface wave called by Sommerfeld.
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  • Mitsuhiko Hayashi
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 614
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Masatake Takahashi, Hideki Nishida, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Yutaka Sugita
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 615
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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  • Shigetoshi Muranaka
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 616
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Hironobu Ikeda, Kinshiro Hirakawa
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 617
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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  • Yoshitsugu Tomokiyo, Noriyuki Kuwano, Tetsuo Eguchi
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 618
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Isaaki Yokota, Michisuke Kobayashi
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 619
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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  • Satoshi Hashimoto, Takatoshi Murata
    1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 620
    Published: August 05, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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