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Hirokane Kawakami, Masayasu Ishihara, Nobuharu Yoshikawa, Kameo Ishii, ...
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
623-628
Published: March 15, 1974
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Nuclear structure of
181Os was investigated by in-beam gamma ray spectroscopy through the excitation function and beam-gamma timing measurements. The low-lying level scheme of
181Os was proposed and the half-life of the first excited state was obtained to be 316±18 ns. The dependence of the intensity ratio of the crossover to cascade transitions on the Nilsson orbit is discussed by taking into account the cancellation of g-factor. The hindrance factor of the E1 transition between the first excited state (9⁄2+[624]) and the ground state (7⁄2−[514]) was estimated to be 3.7×10
2 in terms of the Nilsson estimate.
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Tadashi Kifune, Yasuo Hieda, Shinichi Kurokawa, Kenji Tsunemoto, Yoshi ...
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
629-633
Published: March 15, 1974
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Fractionally charged particles (quarks) have been looked for in cosmic rays at sea level. The detection system consists of six layers of scintillation counter hodoscopes, and is directed to large zenith angles so that quarks are detected isolated from air showers due to their interactions with the thick atmospheric layer. The total acceptance of the present measurement amounts to 1.1×10
10 cm
2sr sec. The upper flux limit of 3×10
−10 cm
−2sr
−1sec
−1 is obtained for
e⁄3 quarks at large zenith angles. From this flux limit, a lower limit of the quark mass is estimated to be about 20 GeV/c
2.
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J. J. Murphy, T. J. Burch, J. I. Budnick
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
634-635
Published: March 15, 1974
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NMR investigations of Ru as an impurity in Fe, Co, and Ni hosts yield a resonance frequency ratio for the isotopes
99Ru and
101Ru, ν
101⁄ν
99=1.121±0.002 Interpreting this as the ratio of nuclear moments and using the best available date for μ
99 gives μ
101=0.698±0.024 μ
N.
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Sei-ichi Takase
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
636-640
Published: March 15, 1974
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The two-dimensional square Ising ferromagnet with the nearest-neighbor interaction −
J and the second-neighbor interaction −
J′ is investigated starting from the identity 〈
si〉=〈tanh(ΣK
ijsj)〉. The Hartree approximation is used for treating the many-spin correlation functions. The critical point thus determined has two values for
J′⁄
J<0, and is corrected by the study of the spontaneous magnetization and the free energy to give a reasonable function
Tc(
J′⁄
J). Our approximation may be valid at least qualitatively as a whole.
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Yasusada Yamada, Hiroshi Takatera, David L. Huber
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
641-648
Published: March 15, 1974
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The critical dynamical behavior of the pseudospin-phonon coupled system has been investigated in connection with the structural phase transition of molecular crystals. Based on Onsager’s equation of motion, explicit expressions for three correlation functions, spin-spin correlation, phonon-phonon correlation and spin-phonon correlation, are obtained. It has been shown that the characteristic of the spectra of these correlation functions shows wide variation depending on the values of two parameters: The ratio of the relaxation rate of reorientational motion of an isolated spin and the frequency of the phonon, and the ratio of the interaction parameter of direct spin-spin coupling and that of spin-phonon coupling. Especially, in ‘fast relaxation case’, the spectrum of phonon-phonon correlation shows critical softening, whereas, in ‘slow relaxation case’ the spectrum gives ‘triple peak’ structure and only the central (relaxational) mode shows critical slowing down leaving phonon side peaks unchanged.
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Yutaka Kano
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
649-652
Published: March 15, 1974
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The coherent-state representation of the density operator for an ideal Bose gas in a thermal equilibrium is introduced. It is shown that a pure coherent state can be an eigenstate of the Hamiltonian of the non-interacting boson system when the symmetry breaking term is added to it. However, at the limit of the vanishing “classical field” only zero-energy states can be a coherent state. It is also proved that the pure coherent state is the lowest energy state among all the zero-momentum states. The temperature dependence of the coherent state is then discussed. The diminution of the coherent state can clearly be seen as the temperature rises from zero to the critical temperature.
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Tsuyoshi Uda, Hideki Ushio, Yasutada Uemura
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
653-656
Published: March 15, 1974
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A theory of cyclotron resonance is developed for the single crystal graphite by introducing the effect of spatial dispersion. Owing to the Doppler shifts of resonance frequencies, a considerable change of the resonance line shape is predicted for a widely spreading hole resonance spectrum which makes the detection of the hole resonance possible in some experimental conditions. The structure at H=400 Oe., ω=23 GHz observed in the derivative curves of the absorption by Suematsu and Tanuma which has not yet been understood by the local theory is realized in the calculated curves and is attributed to the predicted signal of the hole resonance.
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Ken’ichi Okamoto
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
657-660
Published: March 15, 1974
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Intermediate coupling theory of polaron has been applied to the problem of an electron or a hole on a spheroidal energy surface interacting with longitudinal optical phonons. The ground state energy of polaron and anisotropic effective masses are calculated. Anisotropic hole band masses of TlCl and TlBr are calculated with the aid of measured hole anisotropic polaron masses.
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Setsuo Yokoyama, Kwi Nam Pak, Wataru Kinase
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
661-664
Published: March 15, 1974
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The piezoelectric coefficients
d33 and
d31, the free dielectric constant ε
33 and the electrostrictive constants
Q33 and
Q31 in both ferro- and para-electric phases of BaTiO
3 crystal are calculated on the basis of the point dipole model. The calculated results are shown as a function of the effective charge of the Ti ions, which corresponds to temperature. The results obtained are discussed in comparison with the experimental data.
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S. B. Raju, R. G. Mendiratta
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
665-668
Published: March 15, 1974
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The room temperature Mössbauer studies in ferrous ammonium sulphate hexahydrate (FAS) diluted with different concentrations of Cu
2+ ions are reported. Two nonequivalent sites for Fe
2+ ions are proposed. The quadrupole splitting and isomer-shifts obtained in various spectra are qualitatively explained on the basis of Ingalls and Oosterhuis theoretical models. From the observed spectra the values of axial field splittings are found and the effective magnetic susceptibility is calculated and compared with the experimental one.
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Yosiaki Tino, Juichiro Arai
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
669-674
Published: March 15, 1974
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The Fe–Ni Invar alloys under the action of non-hydrostatic stress were studied by means of the Mössbauer spectroscopy. The unidirectional tension or shearing stress induces broadening of the spectrum. According to our calculation, this behavior implies a change in the distribution of hyperfine fields in the alloy. Furthermore, the irreversible alloys with strong internal-stress caused by many transformation-cycles α\
ightleftarrowsγ were examined; a paramagnetic-like peak is developed from the ferromagnetic peaks of the α-phase alloy, whereas ferromagnetic peaks are born from the paramagnetic-like spectrum of the γ-phase alloy. There should be some distorted or intermediate structures between b.c.c. and f.c.c. lattices, to which the anomalous properties of these alloys may be attributed.
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Hidenori Kubo
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
675-684
Published: March 15, 1974
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The temperature variation of magnetization in the quadratic layer ferromagnet K
2CuF
4 has been investigated by measuring the NMR frequency of Cu
63 or out-of-layer F
19 nuclei at zero and applied fields in the temperature region of 0.27≤
T⁄
Tc≤0.67. The results are analyzed by a two-dimensional spin wave theory. Under the external field the dipole interaction is approximated in a form of the effective field. The
XY-like anisotropy of exchange interaction is taken into consideration. Good agreement between the theory and the experimental results is obtained. The
XY-like anisotropy itself is not effective to the magnetization, but its contribution to the magnetization cannot be neglected when it cooperates with the external field. The parameter of the exchange interaction
J within the layer is obtained to be 12.37 K. The NMR result at zero applied field is also discussed.
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Takashi Tsuchida, Akio Hashimoto, Yoji Nakamura
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
685-690
Published: March 15, 1974
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The magnetic susceptibility and high-field magnetization have been measured for powdered samples of Ce
xLa
1−xBi. In the range of
x>0.5 the Néel temperature depends linearly on the cerium concentration and it deviates downward from this linear relation for
x<0.5. No antiferromagnetic ordering could be observed for
x=0.35 above 2.5 K. All antiferromagnetic samples investigated here showed metamagnetic behavior. The saturation magnetization corresponding to the magnetic moment of Ce
3+ decreases remarkably with decreasing Ce concentration. These characteristics were discussed on the basis of the crystal field and molecular field interactions.
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Syozo Maeda, Eijiro Haga
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
691-697
Published: March 15, 1974
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By making use of the many band Hamiltonian, the effect of the electron correlation on (1⁄
T1)
orb for ferromagnetic metals is investigated by solving the Green function within RPA. It is found that only the contribution from the interband transition is affected by the electron correlation. For the case of the saturated ferromagnets, it is found that the electron correlation enhances the relaxation rate by a few time, in the tight binding approximation. The numerical calculation of the enhancement factor for nickel is done making use of a simplified two band model. The results shows that the effect of the electron correlation on (1⁄
T1)
orb is important for a comparison with experiments.
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Takao Kino, Toshiro Endo, Shuzo Kawata
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
698-705
Published: March 15, 1974
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The electrical resistivities have been measured in temperature range from 4.2 K to 300 K on both deformed and quenched aluminum, and the deviations from Matthiessen’s rule have been observed in both the resistivity of dislocations and of the faulted loops formed by quenched-in vacancies. The deviations show comparatively similar behavior as the whole, but in detail show somewhat different profile. The results were compared with data published by the other investigators. It is concluded that the origin of the deviation for the dislocation resistivity comes from the anisotropy in scattering mechanism. Furthermore the specific electrical resistivity of dislocation and stacking fault in aluminum were estimated as 1.2×10
−19 ohm-cm
3 and 3.7×10
−13 ohm-cm
2, respectively.
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Kouichi Ichikawa, Osamu Terasaki, Takasi Sagawa
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
706-713
Published: March 15, 1974
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The spectra of the Ti
L2,3 emission, Ti
M2,3 emission, Ti
L2,3 photoelectron yield, and X-ray photoemission have been measured on titanium oxides, TiO
0.8, TiO
0.84, TiO
0.9, TiO
1.1 and TiO
1.22, by the use of a grazing incidence spectrometer and an electrostatic electron energy analyzer of hemisphere type. Results are compared with the calculated density of states proposed till now with emphasis on the effect of the oxygen concentration on the electronic structure. It is shown that the major part of the 3
d state in titanium oxides locates at about 5 eV above the Fermi level and has the width of about 4 eV, and this state may extend below the Fermi level.
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Shun-ichi Kobayashi, Toshihiro Takahashi, Wataru Sasaki
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
714-719
Published: March 15, 1974
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The NMR shift, line shape and spin-lattice relaxation time of superconducting fine particles of Sn and Al with the diameters less than 500 Å are measured. The results are discussed in connection with the fluctuation of order parameter and the discreteness of the electron energy levels.
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Michio Kiritani, Naoaki Yoshida, Hiroshi Takata
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
720-729
Published: March 15, 1974
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Variation of the image position of the loop dislocation with the change in diffraction condition indicates that the dislocation loops formed in aluminum by electron irradiation in a high voltage electron microscope at room temperature or above may be identified to be of interstitial type. This result is confirmed by comparison of the weak and strong contrast from the stacking fault of irradiation induced loops with that of quench induced vacancy type dislocation loops. Quench induced vacancy type dislocation loops shrink and disappear by electron irradiation, and their absorption of interstitial atoms suppresses the formation of irradiation induced interstitial type loops. The upper limit of temperature for loop formation depends on irradiation intensity, and is about 160°C for 2×10
19 electrons/cm
2·sec at 1000 kV. Enhanced formation of interstitial loops is observed on both intrinsic and extrinsic stacking faults which suggests the existence of attractive interaction between the fault and interstitial atoms.
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Ryuzo Oshima, Hirohisa Endo, Osamu Shimomura, Shigeru Minomura
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
730-738
Published: March 15, 1974
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The pressure effect on the resistivity and the thermopower of liquid alkali metals (Cs, Rb, K, Cs–Na alloys and Cs–K alloys) has been studied up to around 30 kbar. It has been found that the pressure gives a considerable effect on the transport properties of liquid Cs, Rb and their alloys. The thermopower of liquid Cs changes remarkably with pressure. It exhibits the maximum at pressure of 16 kbar and then decreases with increasing pressure. The importance of
d-band in heavy alkali metals is discussed.
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S. C. Jain, N. D. Arora
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
739-742
Published: March 15, 1974
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Photoemission of electrons from potassium metal colloids embedded in potassium bromide crystal has been studied. Within experimental error, the energy threshold for the photoemission is found to be at 1.72 eV, and is independent of the electric field so long as the field obeys Ohm’s law. This threshold gives a value 0.52 eV for electron affinity of KBr. The electron mean range or Schubweg W (the average distance an electron drifts in the electric field before it is captured) is of the order 10
−6 cm
2/V.
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S. N. Sen, R. Ghosh
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
743-746
Published: March 15, 1974
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The radiofrequency conductivity in case of nitrobenzene, normal propyl alcohol and acetone have been measured over a wide range of temperature for frequencies ranging from 400 kHz to 6 MHz. It has been found that the r.f. conductivity increases with the rise of temperature at first slowly and then rapidly. If the values of r.f. conductivity be plotted against the inverse of coefficient of viscosity of the liquid at different temperatures the relationship is linear with different intercepts and slopes for different frequencies. Assuming the presence of free ions which contributes to conduction current and the existence of usual displacement current, a mathematical expression has been deduced for the r.f. conductivity which can satisfactorily explain the observed experimental results. From the slope of the curves, the number of free ions per unit volume has also been calculated.
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Masayoshi Yamada, Chihiro Hamaguchi, Junkichi Nakai
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
747-752
Published: March 15, 1974
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Frequency spectrum and spatial distribution of the acoustic flux amplified through acoustoelectric effect in photoconductive CdS were measured by means of Brillouin-scattering techniques. The frequency spectrum is found to shift downward and also upward, resulting successively in new resonant peaks and shoulders at (1⁄2)
fn,
fn, (3⁄2)
fn, 2
fn, etc., where
fn is the frequency of maximum net gain. The enhancement of growth rate of the acoustic wave is found at higher frequencies as well as at lower frequencies than
fn. The experimental result seems to indicate that the nonlinear frequency-mixing effect plays an important role in the evolution of the strong-flux spctrum.
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Koichi Shindo, Takenari Goto, Takuchi Anzai
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
753-758
Published: March 15, 1974
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Reliable absorption line shape of the several higher members of the yellow exciton series in Cu
2O has been measured by the photoelectric method using a monochromator with a large dispersion at 1.8 K, and has been analyzed on the basis of Toyozawa’s formula. The origin of the half width is considered to come from the interband scattering of the exciton from the
p state to the 1
s state by the two modes of L0 phonons. The estimated ratio in the line width of the
n-th member to the second member of the exciton series is in agreement with the experimental one.
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Masatoshi Matsuda
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
759-764
Published: March 15, 1974
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Large transparent single crystals of NaVO
3 were grown by the Czochralski method. The complex dielectric constant was measured in a frequency range between 100 Hz and 3 MHz from room temperature to 500°C. Two dielectric dispersions were found. A remarkable dispersion observed only along the
c-axis obeys the formula of the Debye-type with a single relaxation time. The temperature dependence of relaxation time is summarized as τ(
T)=τ
0exp(
E⁄
kT), where
E=0.67 eV and τ
0=3.0×10
−12 sec, respectively. This relaxation phenomenon may be due to impurities and vacancies.
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Takashi Matsuda, Ryuji Abe
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
765-769
Published: March 15, 1974
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Dielectric and piezoelectric nonlinearities of KH
2PO
4 below and above the Curie temperature were precisely determined by the harmonic detection method in which the second and third harmonics of the fundamental voltage applied to the crystal were measured. In the ferroelectric region the nonlinearity was closely related to the domain wall motion. Above the Curie temperature the result showed that (∂
2χ⁄∂
E2)
0∝(
T−
Tc)
−γ with the critical exponent γ of 4.0±0.2.
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Hitoshi Sumi
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
770-779
Published: March 15, 1974
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Energy spectrum of exciton polaron is studied with the dynamical CPA (coherent potential approximation), which is introduced for inelastic scattering by Einstein phonons at every lattice site. The coherent potential at energy
E is determined by the potentials at energies apart from
E by integral times the phonon energy. We determine applicability ranges of the concepts used in the limiting cases; (I) the nearly free exciton for weak coupling, (II) multiple bands of the vibronic excitons for small excitation transfer, and (III) the self-trapped exciton for strong coupling. An ambiguous boundary separating (II) and (III) lies about
S\simeq6, with
S representing the ratio of the energy gain of exciton localization to the phonon energy. The change with increasing excitation transfer for a fixed
S is characterized by the sharp crossing of (III) with (I) for
S\gtrsim6, while by the gradual merging of (II) into (I) for
S\lesssim6.
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Masahiro Inoue, Makoto Okazaki
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
780-785
Published: March 15, 1974
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Energy bands in the spinel-type semiconductor CdIn
2S
4 are calculated by using the Heine-Abarenkov model potential method. About 500 plane waves are used to obtain convergent results for this crystal which has 64 valence electrons in the unit cell. Semiconductor-like band structure is obtained with 0.75 eV direct gap at
Γ. It is found that two types of indirect transition
Λ3→
Γ1,
Σ4→
Γ1 can occur just below this energy. Atomic characters of the bands at
Γ near the gap are examined by calculating the average charge densities inside the atomic spheres from the obtained pseudo-wave-functions. It is seen that the p-levels of all the constituent atoms contribute to the valence bands near the gap.
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Masaru Kasahara, Itaru Tatsuzaki
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
786-792
Published: March 15, 1974
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The second order quadrupole shifts of
87Rb nuclear magnetic resonance in single crystals of RbDSO
4 are measured from 18°C to −100°C and are analysed by Volkoff method. In paraelectric phase there are two inequivalent electric field gradients (EFG), one of which hardly shows the temperature dependence and the other increases slightly with decreasing temperature. In ferroelectric phase (
Tc=−22°C) each component of the EFG tensors splits into two components. Their splittings change as (
Tc−
T)
β, where β for each component of the EFG tensor takes the value in the range from 0.28 to 0.39. The orientations of the principal axes of EFG in ferroelectric phase are found to change with temperature. The principal coordinate system which shows almost no temperature dependence in magnitude of the quadrupole coupling constant rotates about the principal
z axis by the angle of 75° over the temperature range studied.
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Noboru Fukuoka, Haruo Saito, Yukichi Tatsumi
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
793-799
Published: March 15, 1974
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Isochronal annealing of the defect induced in germanium by electrons of 10, 5 or 1.5 MeV or fast neutrons was studied. For the case of crystals irradiated with 10 MeV or 5 MeV electrons, an annealing stage was observed in the range 180 K–240 K. The stage was observed in all specimens doped with antimony, arsenic or phosphorus after irradiation with 10 MeV electrons, but it was not observed for crystals irradiated with 1.5 MeV electrons. These behaviours were discussed and it was concluded that the defect which anneals in the stage is considered to be a stable vacancy-interstitial pair. Considering from the fact that the annealing in the range 260 K–480 K was independent of irradiating energies, the induced defects by 10 MeV electron irradiation are of the same kind as those induced by 1.5 MeV electron irradiation except for the stable vacancy-interstitial pair which anneals near 200 K.
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Takehiko Hidaka
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
800-807
Published: March 15, 1974
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A theory for Szigeti effective charge
es* is constructed using the concept of the second-nearest-neighbor electron interaction. The main source of
es* is the bond-electorn movement along the bond axis induced by the ion displacement. The theoretical expression for
es* is found to be
Zfie0×(1−
KQ⁄
ZEg2), where
Z is the valence,
e0 is the elementary charge,
fi is the electronic ionicity given by phillips,
Eg is the optical effective band gap,
Q is the magnitude of the bond-electron charge, and
K is a constant. Agreement between experiment and theory for 17 tetrahedral crystals is given.
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Kohnosuke Sato, Tadashi Sekiguchi
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
808-814
Published: March 15, 1974
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Various fundamental properties of the CO
2 gas-dynamic laser are investigated in detail by means of a conventional shock tube with 70 mm inner diameter and nearly 9 m in length. The effect of the catalyzer-gas composition on the output power is studied, and the optimum content of helium gas is found to be about 70∼80% and that of water vapor is about 2%. The dependence on the stagnation temperature (
Tst) and pressure (
Pst) is also examined. The optimum value of
Tst for the mixture of 0.2 CO
2+0.8 N
2 and for 0.1 CO
2+0.2 N
2+0.7 He is about 2400 K and 1700 K, respectively. The output power increases with increasing
Pst, and tends to saturate at the
Pst-value of 4 to 6 atmospheric pressure. The optimum distance from the nozzle throat is 9±2 cm. The maximum value of the peak output power is nearly 20 W and the power density is about 3 W/cm
3.
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Noriaki Tsukada, Toru Ogawa
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
815-819
Published: March 15, 1974
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By means of a theoretical approach recently developed by Pegg and Series, the consequences of misalignment of an oscillating rf field in optical-rf double resonances are investigated. Effects of both the longitudinal pumping and the transverse pumping are considered. We show that the single (or ordinary) or multiple quantum resonances and the transverse resonance appear at integral multiples of the oscillating field frequency simultaneously. It is also shown that there is no essential difference between the parametric resonance and the Haroche resonance, namely the transverse resonance becomes the parametric resonance for misalignment angle θ=90° and becomes the Haroche resonance for θ=0°.
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Tomokazu Kato
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
820-825
Published: March 15, 1974
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The unperturbed distribution function of the distance between the
i-th and
j-th segments of a chain polymer molecule is assumed to be the distribution function of the |
j-
i| steps random flights. The expansion coefficient of the excluded volume effect of chain molecule is calculated with this distribution function by the method of cluster expansion. The number and types of clusters under consideration and the acquired asymptotic behavior of the expansion coefficient are identical with the previous report. The expansion coefficient is expressed in a closed from by the aid of the error function as
(
Remark: Graphics omitted.).
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Kunizo Onda
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
826-838
Published: March 15, 1974
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The variational method is developed to attack the scattering of low energy electrons by polyatomic molecules. The form chosen for a trial function is
F(
r)=
Fshort(
r)+
Flong(
r), where
Fshort(
r) is the linear combination of quadratically integrable functions with their centers at constituent atoms of the molecule,
r the position vector of the scattered electron, and
Flong(
r) chosen so as to include distortion of the scattered wave caused by long range forces is smoothly connected to the free particle wave function. The applicability of this theory is tested by a numerical example, in which the calculation is made for the elastic scattering of electrons by the static field of
H2 in the two-center coordinate system and the results are compared with the Hara’s (J. Phys. Soc. Japan
27 (1969) 1009).
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Shinji Muramatsu, Nobuhiko Sakamoto
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
839-842
Published: March 15, 1974
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Temperature dependence of absorption band shape for transitions to the Jahn-Teller coupled states is investigated quantum mechanically using a simple model by Longuet-Higgins
et al. It is found that a band shape for weak coupling which has a single band at low temperatures splits into two bands with increasing temperature. Comparing the results with those calculated by semiclassical method, it is shown that a quantum mechanical band shape reduces to a semiclassical one in strong and high temperature.
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Kunizo Ohkubo, Shigetoshi Tanaka
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
843-851
Published: March 15, 1974
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The dispersion and spatial damping of Whistler waves propagating in plasma columns having relatively high electron density and moderate electron temperature are investigated theoretically and experimentally. In collisionless hot plasmas, the damping rate
ki, wavenumber
kr and the ratio
ki⁄
kr as functions of frequency ω are derived in the vicinity of the cyclotron resonance. When the effects of collisions become significant, the above quantities are corrected by including the collision frequency ν appropriately. Near the resonance,
ki⁄
kr equal to the sum of the cyclotron damping term and the collisional damping term which is proportional to ν⁄ω
c. The observed dispersion curves agree well with those in collisional hot-plasma theory. The observed damping rate is due to the cyclotron damping plus Coulomb collisional damping in moderate
Te plasmas, while it is ascribed totally to Coulomb collisions in low
Te plasma.
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Yoshiomi Kondoh, Shigeo Nagao, Keiichiro Sugita, Hiroshige Watanabe
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
852-856
Published: March 15, 1974
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The system with a toroidal helical magnetic axis is re-examined numerically to obtain the minimum displacement of the plasma column in an infinitely conducting chamber wall. The results of the numerical calculation show that in order to minimize the displacement of the plasma column in the toroidal helical system, we should have a device with a large number of pitch
n, for example
n=32, and in such a device the β value of the equilibrium state is permitted up to 100 percent. A rule which determines the optimum condition for the minimization of the displacement is shown by the figure.
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Susumu Shioda
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
857-860
Published: March 15, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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The ambipolar diffusion boundary layer induced in a thermally ionized high pressure gas is analyzed theoretically with the isothermal assumption. The thickness of the boundary layer and the density and potential profiles are calculated analytically. These results are compared with those given by the non-linear ambipolar diffusion throry for the positive column of a weakly ionized gas discharge.
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Naruyoshi Asano
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
861-868
Published: March 15, 1974
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Modulation of a nonlinear wave in a dissipative and dispersive medium is considered by the method of multiple scales. The slow variables for the amplitude are determined by the coupling between the nonlinearity of the envelope wave and the dissipative or dispersive effect. A perturbation theory is developed for a system of equations which, when linearized, has a plane wave solution with complex frequency of a small imaginary part. Governing equation for the amplitude becomes a type of generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation in three dimensions. For spatially periodic case, there may be the case that small dissipation can make the wave grow depending on the initial amplitude. As an illustrative example of the general theory, modulation of the convective mode in a fluid layer heated from below is considered.
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Syozo Kubo
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
869-874
Published: March 15, 1974
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This paper deals theoretically with a radiative heat transfer through an absorbing-emitting medium which occupies a semi-infinite space bounded by a plane wall. A steady one-dimensional problem is considered. The medium is assumed to be grey and to be in a local thermodynamic equilibrium. Effects due to the emission from the wall, specular and diffuse reflection at the wall and external beam radiation through the wall are considered in contrast with the Milen problem, in which no radiation comes into the medium through a purely transparent boundary. The general solution is obtained. The solution is studied in detail in five special cases to show each effect of these boundary conditions. They are the cases of pure emission, pure beam radiation input, pure reflection, a uniform asymptotic field and emission accompanied by diffuse reflection. In the second case, a localized temperature change is found in the neighbourhood of the wall, even when the asymptotic field has a uniform temperature.
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Hideaki Takagi
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
875-877
Published: March 15, 1974
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The Stokes flow for the case in which two solid spheres in contact are steadily rotating with different angular velocities about their line of centers is studied. In particular, it is shown that the couple experienced by a sphere in contact with a fixed infinite plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation is increased by a factor (
Remark: Graphics omitted.) as compared with its value in the absence of the plane. It is also found that, for the case of two equal spheres, one of which is kept rotating with angular velocity ω while the other is left free, the latter will rotate with angular velocity ω⁄7.
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Masakazu Katagiri
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
878-883
Published: March 15, 1974
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To approximate unsteady boundary layer flows induced by an impulsive motion of a body, a model of an external stream preceded by an accelerating process is presented, which might have been realized in the laboratories. The variation with time
t of an external stream is assumed to be in the form
V(
t)=1−exp(−α
tn), where α means a coefficient of acceleration. By employing this acceleration process, flows near the forward and rear stagnation points on an infinite plane wall are investigated. Numerical studies show that the time lag of an external stream gives rise to a remarkable lag in time to the response of the boundary layer and evaluated time elapsed before the boundary layer near the rear stagnation point begins to separate is found to disagree with that of impulsive motion when the acceleration is slow and gradual.
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Yasutaro Tanaka
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
884-893
Published: March 15, 1974
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As for an idealized elastico-viscous liquid, what is generally called Walters’ liquid B′ the constitutive equations of integral type are transformed into a form appropriate to the fluid-mechanical analysis. From resulting equations, the boundary-layer equations for the elastico-viscous liquid are obtained.
In a slightly elastic case, the flow past a semi-infinite flat plate is analyzed by adopting the conventional Kármán-Pohlhausen method. It is found that the presence of elasticity causes the boundary-layer thickness to remain finite at the front edge of the plate and increase throughout downstream and so the drag on the wall decreases in comparison with Newtonian fluids.
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Shigeki Morioka, Toshisada Miki
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
894-902
Published: March 15, 1974
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Hall effect in a steady flow of a conducting gas past a thin wedge section in a strong aligned magnetic field is considered within the linearized theory. The flow field around the obstacle is found by the numerical integration of the Fourier transform. The outer flow is estimated by the method of asymptotic expansions. It is shown that the Hall effect leads to a dispersive field, which differs variously in association with the conductivity and compressibility of the flow, and that it tends to revive the ordinary gasdynamic aspects.
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Ryozo Oyamada
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
903-905
Published: March 15, 1974
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The Raman spectra of PbCl
2–KCl system are investigated in the fused state. The spectrum of the fused PbCl
2 at 505°C exhibits two Raman lines at 120 cm
−1 (depolarized) and 205 cm
−1 (polarized). These lines can be assigned to Cl–Pb–Cl deformation mode (ν
4,
E1) and Pb–Cl stretching mode (ν
1,
A1) respectively, because we can expect that [PbCl
3]
− ion-like local structure is predominant in the fused state considering the crystal structure of the pure PbCl
2. The chemical shift of the 205 cm
−1 line up to 230 cm
−1 is observed with increasing KCl concentration, indicating that the chain structure of the [PbCl
3]
− ions is broken into individual [PbCl
3]
− ions due to the addition of KCl.
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Kazuyoshi Hirakawa, Junichi Yoshinaga, Hidetoshi Miike
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
906
Published: March 15, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Yuuki Kawarasaki
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
907
Published: March 15, 1974
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Toshiaki Tatsukawa, Masasi Inoue, Hisao Yagi
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
908
Published: March 15, 1974
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Hiroshi Fujiwara, Kazuo Ohishi, Hideoki Kadomatsu, Motoyuki Nomura
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
909
Published: March 15, 1974
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Akira Sawaoka, Carl T. Tomizuka
1974 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages
910
Published: March 15, 1974
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