Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
Volume 36, Issue 6
Displaying 1-41 of 41 articles from this issue
  • Yasuki Nagai, Kazuo Hisatake
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1501-1509
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The decay of 135Ce was studied with a π\sqrt2 iron-free β-spectrometer, a Ge(Li) detector and an e–γ delayed coincidence technique. From internal conversion and γ-ray studies 21 new transitions were observed. The multipolarities with mixing ratios of 10 transitions were determined from the L-subshell conversion ratios. From these results a revised decay scheme is proposed as follows: 0[5/2+], 119.47[7/2+], 206.37[5/2+], 265.42[3/2+], 299.92[1/2+], 665.30[5/2+], 783.38[3/2+], 828.20[3/2+], 872.15[1/2+(3/2+)], 984.29[1/2+, 3/2+], 1171.16[3/2+(1/2+)], 1438.95[1/2+, 3/2+] and 1767.3[1/2, 3/2], where level energies are written in keV. Large E2 enhancements are found for the 34.5, the 86.9, the 265.4 and the 299.9 keV transitions.
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  • Masayuki Hasegawa, Mitsuo Watabe
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1510-1515
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Thermodynamic properties of simple liquid metals investigated from the fundamental point of view of the electron theory of metals. Modified from of the pressure equation appropriate to liquid metals is applied to the calculations of the thermal pressure coefficient and the thermal expansion coefficient of simple metals using the pseudopotential formalism for the electron-ion interaction. Comparisons of the predictions and experiments are made and the agreement is found satisfactory for the simpler metals.
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  • Shin’ichi Katayama, Tsuguhito Sumi, Isaaki Yokota
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1516-1520
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The amplitude of transverse acoustic waves generated by electromagnetic radiation in metals is calculated when a magnetic field is applied parallel to the surface. Our treatment is similar to the existing theory of geometric resonance in ultrasonic attenuation. The calculated relative generation amplitude is compared with experimental results reported on silver by Gaerttner et al., showing fairly good agreement.
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  • Tsuneya Ando
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1521-1529
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The level broadening and transport properties of a two-dimensional system under extremely strong magnetic fields are investigated in the single-site approximation (SSA). At high concentrations of scatterers, the SSA approaches the simple damping theoretical approximation. At low concentrations, many impurity bands associated with each bound state of an isolated scatterer appear, and the nonexistence of continuous states in this system causes a singular level with zero width in case of scatterers with a δ-potential. The peak value of the conductivity of the impurity band with the angular momentum m is given by 2πl2Ni(N+m+1⁄2)e2⁄π2h, where N is the Landau quantum number and Ni is the concentration of scatterers. The density of states and the conductivity are calculated explicitly for a model system which contains scatterers with the Gaussian potential.
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  • Takeo Fujiwara
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1530-1541
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Optical absorptions in the solid oxygen are investigated theoretically by using pair approximation.
    The selection rules of the electric dipole transition is given. The expressions for the oscillator strength and the energy shift are derived explicitly. It is shown that some absorption peaks are due to the transitions in the first neighbor pairs and others in the third neighbor pairs. An essential role of the molecular librations is found to be the origin of the widely extending bands. The absorption band 3Σg+3Σg1Σg++1Σg+ is assigned as the libron-assisted band. Using reasonable values for some unknown quantities, a satisfactorily good agreement with experiment is obtained for the oscillator strengths and energy shifts.
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  • Hideo Hasegawa, Tôru Moriya
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1542-1553
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The effect of spin fluctuations on itinerant electron antiferromagnetism is discussed by extending the theory of Moriya and Kawabata for itinerant ferromagnetism. The correction to the Hartree-Fock free energy as a function of the sublattice magnetization is expressed in terms of the transversal dynamical susceptibilities, which are approximated by the modified random phase approximation. Numerical calculations are made for the free electron model with Umklapp processes. It is shown that the contribution from spin fluctuations can be quite important in describing the magnetic properties of itinerant antiferromagnets. The Néel temperature is generally lowered from its Hartree-Fock value and the staggered susceptibility above the Néel temperature shows an approximate Curie-Weiss behavior even when the uniform susceptibility has a weak temperature dependence.
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  • Tetsuji Aiyama, Keiji Yada
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1554-1562
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Characters of the plasma loss of electrons—plasmon energy, dispersion coefficient and angular dependences of both the half-width and the intensity of the loss peak—were measured for Be, Mg, Al, Si, Ge and Sn at 40 kV. The angular dependence of the half-width was analyzed in the form of Γp=A+Bθ2. As the result, it was found that there were two groups: Al, Mg and Sn belonged to the first group in which A had relatively small values and B was positive, and Ge, Si and Be belonged to the second group in which A had relatively large values and B was negative. The electron-electron interaction would be an important factor of the plasmon damping for the second group. The angular dependence of the intensity agreed with θ−2 law for the first group but did not for the second group. An anomalous damping was not observed in amorphous Ge and Si.
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  • M. Martínez Negrete, C. Ruiz Mejía
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1563-1565
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    From cross section capture measurements in NaCl Alvarez Rivas suggested a mechanism by which the conversion of F′ into F centers is possible at a critical density of F′ centers. Using the internal crystal field concept we have found that electron tunneling from F′ to α centers can explain this experimental results.
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  • Yoshimi Tsuchiya, Hideo Segawa
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1566-1571
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Measurements of the transient photoconductivity using transit time techniques have been carried out on pure rutile single crystals in the temperature range 300 K to about 40 K. The induced charge signals observed do not indicate a well defined break point at the transit time but are composed of the initial fast response and the subsequent slow response. From the temperature dependence of the time constant of the slow response, two trap levels with different energy depth for electrons and holes, respectively, are found in the measured temperature range. The energy depth of one of the trap levels for holes depends on the electric field and is explained by the simple Poole-Frenkel effect. The temperature dependence of the magnitude of fast response shows that the conduction for both electrons and holes is the band type conduction and the scattering is dominantly affected by the optical lattice vibrations. The results for the transport of hole carriers are first obtained in this study.
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  • Masuo Ishikane
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1572-1576
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    It was shown that the decay times of the 428 nm (excited at the A′ band) and 425 nm (excited at the A band) emission bands in NaI(Tl) have different temperature dependence, which can be explained by assuming trapping states below the emission states by 0.02 eV and 0.04 eV, respectively. The decay time and intensity of the 325 nm emission band (excited at the B′ band) decreases with rising temperature, which gives the spontaneous emission probability of 1.8×108 sec−1 and the thermal activation energy for non-radiative process of 0.06 eV.
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  • Hideyuki Nakagawa, Hiroaki Matsumoto
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1577-1582
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The optical absorption and the luminescence of I-ions in CdCl2 single crystals were measured at liquid nitrogen temperature to study optical properties in layer-structure ionic crystals. It was found that addition of low concentration of CdI2, 10−5 to 10−3 mole fraction, produces two additional absorption bands at 5.03 eV and 5.44 eV on the low energy side of the absorption edge of CdCl2 and that intensities of these bands increase linearly with increase of I-ion concentration. The shape of the 5.03 eV band is Gaussian around the band maximum and follows Urbach’s rule in the low energy tail region. These results suggest that additional absorption bands can be associated to the localized exciton at isolated I-ion in CdCl2. Illumination in the 5.03 eV band gives rise to an emission band at 2.19 eV. The observed large Stokes’ shift suggests that a large lattice relaxation follows the electronic excitation.
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  • Koichi Shindo
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1583-1587
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Haken’s criterion for longitudinal optical (LO) phonon screening is extended into the system which has two modes of LO phonons. The result is applied to the discussion of binding energies of yellow exciton series in Cu2O. It is pointed out that polaron self-energies of an electron and a hole composing an exciton are important in the calculation of binding energies.
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  • Santokh Singh, Kartar Singh
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1588-1592
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Nuclear quadrupole resonance has been studied in ferroelectric sodium nitrite (NaNO2) from 77 K to its phase transition point 437 K. The three rotational frequencies ωa=190 cm−1, ωb=120 cm−1 and ωc=227 cm−1 and their temperature variation when fitted in the Bayer-Kushida theory predict the temperature dependence of nqr frequencies reasonably well. A second order phase transition is found to occur at 180 K which is in confirmity with the one found earlier from thermal expansion and dielectric studies. The shift in resonance frequencies is seen to occur mainly by rotation around the ‘c’ axis and hence it is inferred that the mechanism of polarization reversal is intimately connected with orientational motion about ‘c’ axis.
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  • Kazuko Kubo
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1593-1596
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The depths of regions damaged by 0.6∼2.0 MeV protons, deuterons or α-particles penetrating the LiF single crystal were optically measured by utilizing the diffuse reflection of light from the metallic colloids formed by bombardment. The results were compared with the range-energy relations theoretically calculated on the Bethe formula. The depth data obtained agree well with the theoretical ranges with Z=10 or 12, depending on the bombarding ions, not with Z=6 which is usually taken for LiF. The rough approximation is given by the formulae with simple power of the energy value. As the sources of discrepancy between the depth of damaged region and the ion range, the following are possible: Channeling of the ions during penetration in the crystal and diffusion of the ion-induced defects.
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  • Yoshiaki Kogure, Yosio Hiki
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1597-1607
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    On the basis of nonlinear elasticity theory, the scattering of lattice waves by a static strain field has been treated with special consideration of the elastic anisotropy of wave-propagating medium. A general form for the wave equation in strained medium was derived, and the scattered waves were determined by means of perturbation method by adopting the Born approximation. The Green’s function method was conveniently used to determine the displacement of the scattered waves. The general method was applied to the case of scattering of lattice waves incident normally on a screw dislocation in a cubic crystal. The results of the calculation showed that the scattering was very anisotropic with regard to the incident direction and the scattering angle of the waves. It was found that, contrary to the dominance of purely forward scattering in isotropic medium, obliquely forward scattering occurred intensively in crystals.
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  • Jyoti Prakash, M. P. Hemkar
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1608-1613
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    An application of Willis’s anharmonic theory (Acta cryst. A25 (1969) 277) has been made to improve the authors’ previous calculation of the Debye-Waller factors of fcc metals (J. Phys. Soc. Japan 34 (1973) 1583) and to estimate the effect of including anharmonic terms in the crystal potential. The results of calculations have been compared with the experimental data in terms of the Debye-Waller factor temperature parameter Y=0.43 (λ⁄sinθ)2 (2WT0−2WT), where 2WT is the exponent of the Debye-Waller factor at temperature T. The agreement between the calculated results and experimental values is quite good.
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  • Shigeo Nishiyama, Hirofumi Fujimoto
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1614-1617
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The X-ray spectrum of metallic aluminum was investigated near the short wavelength limit at the excitation voltage 9.3 kV by the isochromat and photographic methods. The apparatus used consists of an ultra-high vacuum X-ray tube, a curved quartz crystal spectrometer and an automatic counting system with a GM counter. The gross structures of the continuous spectrum and the isochromat were observed to be similar except for the details. Discussions were made in connection with the characteristic energy loss and the density of states of the electrons.
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  • Teruo Teranishi, Katsuaki Sato, Ken’ichi Kondo
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1618-1624
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Optical absorptions have been measured in chalcopyrite, CuFeS2, and Fe-doped CuAlS2 and CuGaS2. An extra absorption band with two peaks is observed at the low energy region of the absorption edge for Fe-doped CuAlS2 and CuGaS2. Energy positions of two absorption peaks are 1.3 eV and 2.0 eV for CuAlS2 and 1.2 eV and 1.9 eV for CuGaS2, respectively. The intensity of this absorption band increases with the increase of doped Fe ions and grows into the absorption edge of CuFeS2. Its oscillator strength comes up to 7·10−2. In chalcopyrite photoconductivity is observed and its maximum is just at the same energy region of the absorption edge.
    By comparing our results with those of absorption measurements for Cu- or Fe-doped ZnS it is concluded that this absorption band originates from the charge transfer transitions relating to 3d electron of Fe ions and the absorption edge of CuFeS2 rises from the band-to-band transition corresponding to this charge transfer transition.
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  • Takeshi Kambara
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1625-1635
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    In order to study the electronic structures of CuGaS2:Fe and CuFeS2, the problem is simulated by large clusters of these crystals. The system is treated as a “large molecule” and the energies and wavefunctions for the molecule are obtained using a semiempirical molecular orbital method. The unoccupied molecular orbitals originating from iron 3d orbitals in CuGaS2:Fe are well localized on the iron ion, while the corresponding orbitals in CuFeS2 have a considerable admixture of sulfur 3p orbitals. The molecular orbitals corresponding to uppermost states of the valence band are composed of sulfur 3p and copper 3d orbitals. It is derived from the comparison between the observed and calculated absorption spectra that the A and B absorption bands in CuGaS2:Fe arise from the charge transfer transitions from the valence band to the unoccupied states originating from the iron 3d orbitals and the absorption band edge in CuFeS2 arises from the corresponding transitions.
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  • Makoto Shiho
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1636-1642
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The optical absorption spectra of solid biphenyl and solid o-o′ dimethylbiphenyl are investigated in the energy region from 4 eV to 12 eV in order to study the π electron interaction between the adjacent carbon atoms.
    In the energy region lower than 8 eV, a good qualitative agreement between the observed absorption bands of biphenyl and the calculated energy levels of biphenyl by A. London is observed.
    In the energy region higher than 8 eV, a new band, which can not be assigned at present, is observed at 10.50 eV. From the experimental conditions, it is concluded that a considerable long-range ordering of the molecules is required for the distinct appearance of this absorption band.
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  • Tetsuo Yamazaki, Minoru Takasaki, Masakatsu Sakisaka
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1643-1648
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The angular distributions are obtained of multiply scattered particles for various impact energies (0.4∼1.5 MeV for protons and 1.3∼4.5 MeV for nitrogen ions), foils (aluminium, copper, silver and gold) and their thicknesses. The data agree fairly well with theories of Moliere and of Keil, Zeitler and Zinn with the use of Thomas-Fermi radius which takes account of both projectile and target atom. The slight deviations found when the mean number of scatterings in the foil is smaller than about 20 are attributed to an underestimation of Moli\.{e}re’s single-scattering cross section in the small angle region. The theory of Nigam, Sundaresan and Wu shows a large discrepancy from the observations, and that of Meyer also gives a little deviation when the mean number of scatterings is smaller than about 10.
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  • Yozaburo Kaneko, Nobuo Kobayashi
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1649-1654
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Cross sections for formation of NO+ and N2+ in O++N2 collisions are measured by the injected-ion drift tube technique from 0.04 eV to 3 eV in the center of mass system. The cross section curve obtained for N2+ formation is used to determine the fractional density of the excited state ions in the primary O+ beam. The cross section for NO+ formation by O+(4S) has a minimum at 0.12 eV, and increases rapidly with the collision energy. The minimum value is determined as 9×10−18 cm2 with 50% accuracy. The results obtained are compared with the previous works. The cross section for NO+ formation by O+(2D) at the same energy is tentatively determined as 1.2×10−16 cm2, and it can be larger if the collisional deexcitation of the 2D state, possible in the drift tube, has to be taken into account. These results may be useful for the ionospheric research.
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  • Sigeo Yomosa
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1655-1660
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The excited equilibrium state of molecular complex in solution is described by the use of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation presented in our previous paper. The excited equilibrium state of charge-transfer molecular complex or the equilibrium state of exciplex in polar solvents is quite polar and quite different from the excited Franck-Condon state, and has large tendency to dissociate to solvated ions. These theoretical results are confirmed by the laser photolysis experiments on the excited states of the molecular complexes.
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  • Shinsuke Watanabe, Hiroshi Tanaca
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1661-1666
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The heating of electrons and ions by the current driven ion wave instability was studied in a Q-machine. The heating occured when the ion wave sufficiently grew and steepened, i. e., in a certain turbulent state. The heating mechanism is not clear, but the heating by means of the ion wave was experimentally confirmed.
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  • Shogo Seki, Hiromu Momota, Ryohei Itatani
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1667-1673
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The analysis on the positional stability for a horizontal expansion of a plasma loop is improved and generalized, where a tokamak is treated as a transformer in order to avoid some assumptions with respect to the change of the plasma current. As a result, the dependence of the stability condition on the characteristics of the transformer is clarified.
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  • Tadao Honzawa
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1674-1678
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The results of our experimental study on a back-diffusion type ion source, which can be operated in any kind of gas at a pressure from 10−6 to 10−3 Torr, are described. The source produces monoenergetic ions with a controllable kinetic energy from a few tens to several hundreds eV and density up to several times 107 cm−3. The monoenergetic ions are neutralized by thermal electrons emitted from cathodes and hardly diverge during their run. They are available for the calibration of energy analyzers, experiments on collision processes of ions with atoms and so forth.
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  • Akira Yoshizawa
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1679-1682
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The present paper reexamines Kuo’s (J. Math. and Phys. 32 (1953) 83) solution for laminar viscous flow past a finite flat plate set parallel to a uniform stream. The crucial assumption made in Kuo’s analysis was the constant displacement thickness of the wake. In view of Imai’s (Proc. Roy. Soc. A208 (1951) 487) analysis, it can be shown that this assumption leads to a contradiction in the drag force of the plate and that the wake must play a role of sink. In the present paper, an attempt is made to take the effect of change in displacement thickness into analysis, in such a way that the correct strength of the source appearing in the leading term of Imai’s asymptotic expansion is always maintained. The drag coefficient CD corrected can be given as
    (Remark: Graphics omitted.),
    R being the Reynolds number. The coefficient of 8.25 should be compared with 6.45 given by Kuo. Numerical comparison shows an excellent agreement between the present drag formula and recent numerical solutions.
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  • Sadatoshi Taneda, Yoshimasa Tomonari
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1683-1689
    Published: June 15, 1974
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    The flow around a flexible plate performing a swimming motion was investigated using hot-wire anemometers, pressure transistors and flow visualization techniques.
    It was found that the swimming motion accelerates the flow near the surface in the wave direction, reduces the boundary layer thickness, and suppresses the turbulent fluctuation.
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  • Tadashi Mimaki, Toru Shimizu
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1690-1692
    Published: June 15, 1974
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    The slowly-decaying and alternating behavior of the correlation coefficient between lengths of the zero-crossing intervals of a Gaussian process, which was reported by one of the authors, is studied in detail by changing the magnitude of the low-frequency component of the Gaussian process having a relatively broad-band spectrum. Depending on the magnitude of the low-frequency component, the sign of the correlation coefficient becomes either negative or positive. Also, the value of the correlation coefficient for the narrow-band process can be altered by adding the low-frequency component to the narrow-band process. These results confirm the validity of the simple model proposed previously.
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  • Kaoru Yamafuji, Teruo Matsushita, Eiichirou Kusayanagi
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1693-1701
    Published: June 15, 1974
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    An expression of the critical current density in a foil of nonideal type II superconductors is derived in the vicinity of the upper critical field from the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations. The resultant expression is composed of two terms, one of which is proportional to the gradient of the pinning potential and the other is proportional to the square of the gradient of the pinning potential divided by the effective shear modulus of the flux-line lattice. The latter term seems to play a dominant role in most cases, though the former term may become important for a regulated arrangement of pinning centers.
    In addition, the present expression describes well the so-called peak effect including subharmonic peaks for a regulated arrangement of pinning centers.
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  • Yasuo Obikane, Ryuji Takaki
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1702
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Yukio Aoki, Shigeharu Hinotani, Junkichi Itoh
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1703
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Tsuneo Hokabe, Hironobu Fujii, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Tetsuhiko Okamoto
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1704
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Hidekazu Miyauchi, Tetsuo Nakajima, Eizo Kanda
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1705
    Published: June 15, 1974
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  • Masao Doyama, Kazuhiko Kuribayashi, Susumu Nanao, Shoichiro Tanigawa
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1706
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Kazuo Yoshihiro, Madoka Tokumoto, Chikako Yamanouchi
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1707
    Published: June 15, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Akio Honma, Satoshi Ooaku, Teruhiko Mabuchi
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1708
    Published: June 15, 1974
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  • Konosuke Inagawa, Kiyoshi Watanabe, Takejiro Kaneko, Hideaki Ido, Hiro ...
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1709
    Published: June 15, 1974
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  • Hideaki Chihara, Nobuo Nakamura, Akira Inaba
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1710
    Published: June 15, 1974
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  • Atsushi Mase, Takashige Tsukishima, Takumi Yamamoto
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1711
    Published: June 15, 1974
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  • Hiroshi Amemiya
    1974 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 1712
    Published: June 15, 1974
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