Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
Volume 40, Issue 1
Displaying 1-49 of 49 articles from this issue
  • B. V. N. Rao, G. N. Rao
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The gamma rays resulting from the decay chain of 144Ce are studied using Ge(Li) and NaI(Tl) detectors in singles and as well as in coincidence. We observed indication for the existence of a week 58.5 keV gamma ray in the decay of 144Ce to 144Pr. In addition, four new gamma rays with energies 609.1, 1421.0, 1558.4 and 2802 keV are observed in the decay of 144Pr to 144Nd. Therefore in 144Nd, new levels at 2118 and 2802 keV are proposed. The intensities of all the gamma rays observed are also reported.
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  • Hideo Aoki, Hiroshi Kamimura
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 6-12
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The theory of the Hubbard model for a structurally disordered system appropriate to the impurity band is developed. The resonance broadening process, which is taken into account in the present theory gives rise to an important difference in the electron structure as contrasted to the works by previous authors. the density of states with its motional narrowing and tailing, the Anderson localization and the metal-non-metal (MNM) transition are discussed. The critical concentration Nc at which the MNM transition takes place agrees with the experimental result Nc=3×1018 cm−3 for Si : P within a factor of two. The possibility of a pressure induced MNM transition is also suggested.
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  • Masakatsu Umehara, Tadao Kasuya
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 13-24
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A canting spin ordering mechanism in degenerate antiferromagnetic semiconductors is studied based on the sf exchange model. It is shown that even in the broad band case, as is similar to the double exchange mechanism for the narrow band case, the canting spin ordering is stable in low concentration of the conduction electron where the Fermi energy is comparable to or smaller than the sf exchange energy. The phase diagram is different from that in the double exchange, the canting ordering can exist only for a finite value of concentration with a nearly constant ferromagnetic component in the whole temperature range and thus makes the transition to the ferromagnetic ordering with increasing temperature. These properties are consistent with the experiments in La1−xCaxMnO3 and TbCu1−xZnx.
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  • Kengo Adachi, Takehiro Nakashima
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 25-34
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The phase diagram of Pt rich Cu–Pt alloy system containing several kinds of superlattice was explained by Bragg Williams’ approximation by taking the first as well as second neighbor interactions into account, in which the ratio of interactions was determined to be V2V1=3. Next, the observed atomic diffuse intensity obtained by electron diffraction photograph was analysed numerically and the atomic short range order parameters and the atomic pair interactions were determined, where the convergence was guaranteed within the several neighbors. The observed diffuse pattern was well reproduced by the calculated results. The ratio of main pair interactions was obtained to be V1:V2:V3:V4\simeq1:3:0.4:−2.6, and the phase diagram mentioned above was well described by these values. Some origins of the pair interactions were discussed.
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  • Motoyuki Tanaka, Yoshiro Kondo
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 35-43
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The EPR spectrum at low temperatures is investigated for weakly exchange-coupled spins in the uniaxial crystalline field with the aid of Kubo-Tomita’s method. A method is presented to decompose the unperturbed evolution in the time-correlation function into Fourier components and express the function in terms of static spin-correlation functions. The line shape for S=1 is obtained explicitly using some approximations and the effects of the exchange interaction to the peak position and half-valued width of each main line are investigated at low temperatures. The results are compared numerically with previous results. It is shown that the contribution of the second-order shift to the line shift is significant for each line and variation of the peak position of the strong line with temperature is sensitivity influenced by the magnitude of the exchange constant and the resonance frequency applied. The effect of a satellite line of the strong line to the spectrum of the weak line is also discussed.
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  • Shinya Kuriki
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 44-51
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Torque measurement were carried out for (110) Ni–Fe thin films deposited on single crystal Cu by both methods of vacuum evaporation and electrodeposition. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K1 obtained against the film composition showed considerable deviation from bulk data. The uniaxial component Ku was also observed in addition to the crystalline anisotropy, which was quite different between evaporated and electrodeposited films. The effect of the internal strain through a magnetoelastic interaction was discussed for the behavior of Ku, where an anisotropy of the strain in the film plane was introduced. Calculated results from the measured magnetic data revealed that the strain was tensile with the magnitude of 10−3 in both kinds of films.
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  • Shin-ichiro Hatta, Soshin Chikazumi
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 52-55
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Magnetization curves were measured for Ni near and above the Curie temperature in magnetic fields up to 160 kOe. By extrapolating linear parts of (M2HM) curves in a high field region, the critical exponents were estimated without being affected by spin clusters. These values are consistent with those expected from the molecular field theory.
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  • Masayuki Kawakami
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 56-62
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The Co59 NMR in dilute hexagonal cobalt alloys has been studied by means of spin echo technique at 4.2 K. In Ti, V, Cr and Mn alloys, satellite lines have been observed on the low frequency side far from the main line, while in Fe, Ni and Cu alloys, satellite lines have been observed only near to the main line. The satellite lines in the former group which come from the domain and can be attributed to the nearest neighbor cobalt sites of the impurity, consist of the two well-resolved lines and exhibit quadrupole splittings. Electric field gradients at the nearest neighbor sites are discussed on the assumption that the impurity atom produces an additional electric field gradient axially symmetric about the direction toward the cobalt atom.
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  • Tsutomu Yashiro, Yoshikazu Hamaguchi, Hiroshi Watanabe
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 63-71
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Magnetic structure of TbCu1−XZnX system with the cubic CsCl type structure has been studied by neutron diffraction and magnetic measurements. In Cu-rich region (X<0.5), the antiferromagnetic structure is conserved, which is TbCu type with (π π 0) mode. When X increases further, the magnetic state suddenly transforms to a ferromagnetic state with canted spin arrangement of which antiferromagnetic mode is (π π 0). In the region with the canted spin arrangement (0.5<X<0.7), the magnetic state approaches to a simple ferromagnetic state with increasing temperature, and transforms not only to a complete ferromagnetic state, but also directly to a paramagneticstate. This magnetic phase diagram and properties are fairly well explained by the theory based on the s-f exchange interaction with the low density 4s-electrons, assuming the electronic band structure of YZn.
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  • Satoru Ohno, Toshio Nomoto, Shigeru Tamaki
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 72-77
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The magnetic properties of 3d-transition solutes in liquid tellurium have been experimentally studied. The d-electrons of 3d-transition solutes in the liquid tellurium show similar behaviours as in liquid metal solvents. The d-electron states of Ni, Co and Fe solutes are the non-magnetic. The effective width of the virtual bound state and the effective intra-atomic d-d interaction in these solutes are estimated as 1.2 eV and 4.0 eV, respectively. Meanwhile, the d-electron states of Cr and Mn are the magnetic and show the Curie-Weiss behaviour.
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  • T. Egami, P. J. Flanders
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 78-81
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The basal plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy of a dysprosium single crystal was measured at 77 K in magnetic fields up to 70 kOe. The results confirmed the theoretical prediction that the anisotropy is considerably larger in the easy direction than in the hard direction at applied fields near the anisotropy field, and the difference rapidly decreases with increasing magnetic field.
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  • Masatoshi Nakayama
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 82-89
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Indirect exchange coupling through filled valence band and empty conduction band is investigated on the basis of an extended Anderson Hamiltonian by the perturbation theory. Coupling mechanisms are classified as (1) kinetic, (2) polarization, and (3) two-particle excitation. Relation to the band structure is shown for each mechanism. Sign, Fourier transform, and asymptotic behavior are investigated.
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  • Tetsuo Fujita, Kazunari Ohshima, Tetsuo Kuroishi
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 90-92
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The dc electrical resistance of films of Ag and Al soot which consists of fine particles has been measured between 1.5 and 300 K. The specimens are prepared by the gas evaporation method. The resistance is constant in the low temperature region, while it increases with temperature above a certain point. By analyzing the temperature dependence of the resistance, the Debye temperature for fine particles ΘP was estimated. It was about 1⁄2∼2⁄3 of that of bulk metal for Al of the particles of size 150∼200A and 3⁄4∼5⁄6 for Ag of 100∼300A.
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  • Akira Nagasawa
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 93-99
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Electron diffraction study on the preceding states of martensitic phase transition in AgCd shows that small β2 phase domains are formed as embryos of the martensites. Their formation process depends strongly on the surrounding stress field. Each domain contains various degrees of the shear, which are introduced in order to release the stress field. Anomalous diffraction phenomena of the β2 phase regions are observed and they are explained by a model of the sheared β2 lattice.
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  • Koji Takano, Ikuyo Shiozaki
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 100-106
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    For the conduction electrons in simple metals an analitical expressions of the energy eigenvalues were constructed as a function of the wave vector k. This formula reduces to the second order- and the two wave approximation-formula at the opposite two limits. It may be used to calculate various properties which require the knowledge of the Fermi surface, such as the transport properties, specific heat etc.
    Experimental data on the shapes of the Fermi surfaces of Na and K were used to determine the pseudo-potential components in the present model. Using this values of vG, the constant velocity- and effective mass-contours were calculated for Na.
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  • Yasuhisa Omura, Mikio Tsuji
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 107-112
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The dispersion relations are calculated for surface plasma waves propagating along the surface of a semi-infinite conducting medium in a d.c. magnetic field perpendicular to the surface. The nonlocality of the dielectric function in the weak spatial dispersion region and the retardation effect are taken into account. It is shown that a small gap appears in the dispersion curve when ωp>2ωcp and ωc are the plasma and cyclotron frequencies, respectively.) The polarization and the penetration depth of the wave are also calculated.
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  • Shinichi Takeda, Satoru Ohno, Shigeru Tamaki
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 113-117
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The electrical resistivities of 3d-transition solutes (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) in liquid tellurium have been measured from the melting temperature to 850°C.
    The resistivity change due to the solute addition is ascribed to the following two factors; one is the change of the scattering due to the structure deformation and the other is the occurence of the s-d scattering. The former gives a negative resistivity change, whereas the latter gives a positive one.
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  • Shin-ichi Uchida, Shoji Tanaka
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 118-127
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Magnetic energy levels and impurity states near the Γ8 band edge of HgTe have been investigated by a far infrared magnetooptical method (3 meV≤hω≤14 meV, H≤60 kG) at liquid helium temperatures. The transitions between the magnetic levels of Γ8 and those associated with impurity levels are observed. The results are analysed with taking into account the ‘quantum effects’. The Luttinger parameters determined are γ1=−14.8, γ2=−9.0, γ3=−8.2 and κ=−10.2. Two impurity levels are identified; one is an acceptor level which would be degenerate with the conduction band at zero magnetic field, the other is a donor level induced by the magnetic field. The binding energy of these levels are discussed taking into account the screening anomaly.
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  • Tsutomu Karasawa, Masamitsu Hirai
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 128-133
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Intrinsic luminescence and optical absorption from the triplet state of the self trapped exciton in KBr crystals have been observed by a pulsed electron beam and by a N2 laser. The π emission at 2.28 eV decays with two components of ∼3 ms(τS) and 100 μs(τF) at 1.8 K. τF component arises from a transition from Bu (a combined state of B3u and B2u) to Ag, and τS component from AuBuAg in the self trapped exciton as those in KI reported by Fischbach et al. The energy separation between Bu and Au is 1.6 meV. In addition to the above, temperature dependence of the yield of the 2.28 eV emission and of the self trapped excitons at the triplet state is discussed in connection with the F center formation.
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  • Takashi Kuzuba, Koh Era
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 134-139
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Internal energy-levels of Wannier excitons in anisotropic crystals are treated in the case in which the anisotropy of the product εjμj is small, where εj and μj are the components of the dielectric constant of the crystal and the reduced effective-mass of the exciton, respectively, along the j-th axis. When this product is isotropic, exciton levels are hydrogenic. Typical combinations of anisotropies of electron and hole effective-masses which make εjμj isotropic are briefly examined. In the case of weak anisotropy in εjμj, shifts of exciton energy-levels from hydrogenic ones and removals of their degeneracies are studied by using a perturbation method and introducing new anisotropy parameters. The expressions of the energy corrections for low-lying levels of the excitons are obtained.
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  • Kazutoshi Ukei
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 140-143
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Experimental result on the electrical resistivity of polycrystalline lead phthalocyanine films are presented. In order to explain these results, a model for the conduction mechanism is proposed.
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  • Nobuhiko Yamashita, Sumitada Asano
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 144-151
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The emission, excitation and reflection spectra at 300, 80 and 13 K were obtained. For CaS:Bi3+, the green (515 mμ) and orange (588 mμ) emission bands are observed as well as the well-known blue (450 mμ) emission band at 300 K. CaSe:Bi3+ shows blue-green (500 mμ) and red (645 mμ) emission bands at 80 K. CaO:Bi3+ shows only one emission band in UV region (393 mμ at 300 K). Phonon structures are observed in some of the emission and excitation bands of CaS:Bi3+ and CaO:Bi3+ at low temperatures. The peaks of A, B and C excitation bands are found at 412, 347 and 312 mμ for CaS:Bi3+, and at 452, 385 and 344 mμ for CaSe:Bi3+ at 80 K. The values of ζ calculated from these energies are 0.44 eV for CaS:Bi3+ and 0.38 eV for CaSe:Bi3+.
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  • Shoichiro Sakoda
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 152-160
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    The present paper aims at revealing the nature of the dead layer proposed by Hopfield and Thomas with a model of an image force. First the motion of a Wannier exciton under the force is investigated in the adiabatic approximation. An adiabatic potential and an internal wave function of the lowest state are obtained for the opposite two cases in regard to the mass ratio of an electron to a hole. The stability of an exciton near the surface is also discussed. Next a field-coupled polarization equation is set up. It contains the repulsive potential due to the image force, and the contact effect of the exciton with the surface. This equation is solved numerically under the boundary condition given by Hopfield and Thomas, and reflectivity spectra are obtained. In conclusion the image force is sufficient to yield an interference effect in case of the small mass ratio.
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  • Gerald Lucovsky, Richard M. Martin
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 161-162
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Valence force field calculations of the lattice dynamics of trigonal Se and Te have not been able to provide a good description of the elastic constants and long wavelength optic modes. We have developed a more complete description of the inter-chain forces that is based on the directional character of these bonds and that considers a competition between the primary intra-chain bonds and the secondary inter-chain bonds. This approaches provides a good description of the phonon dispersion, and accounts for other properties as well, e.g., the pressure dependence of the Raman modes.
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  • Akiko Natori
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 163-171
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    The displacive phase transition in narrow-gap semiconductors is investigated in the mean-field approximation, developing the Kristoffel-Konsin model to the electronic systems with a finite band width. The application of Landau’s phenomenological theory is made for the purpose to study the property near the critical temperature. For narrow-gap semiconductors, it is shown that the Landau’s expansion coefficients are determined only by the band edge structure, contrary to the critical temperature. The dependence of the critical temperature on the carrier concentration is calculated by an elliptic band model. It is found that two kinds of critical temperatures are present in a certain carrier concentration region. The comparison with the experimental result is made on SnTe.
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  • Hiroyoshi Suematsu
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 172-179
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    The relaxation time of electrons in a single crystal graphite at temperatures of 1.3 to 20 K has been studied in the cyclotron resonance experiment with uses of a circularly polarized radiation of 71 GHz and a linearly polarized radiation of 118 GHz. The relaxation time τ in the c-plane has an approximate temperature dependence of T−1.9 above about 10 K. The dependence can be understood by a theory taking account of scattering of electron by the lattice vibrations of graphite having a nearly two-dimensional characteristic. On the other hand, the relaxation time below 7 K has a constant value of 1.1×10−11 sec which is restricted by impurity scattering.
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  • Jun’ichiro Nakahara, Koichi Kobayashi
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 180-188
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    The emission spectra are measured in pure TlBr and TlCl crystals as well as in the mixed crystals of TlBr(Cl), TlBr(I), TlCl(Br) and TlCl(I). Sharp emission lines near the absorption edge are observed in TlBr and TlCl. High energy lines among them are examined with the aid of the exciton state calculation and are interpreted as the radiative decay of the indirect forbidden X6+×R6 excitons. In the halogen-doped crystals, the emissions due to the zero phonon decay of the X6+×R6 excitons are observed. The broad band emissions observed in the long wavelength region in the halogen-doped crystals are assigned to the decays of the relaxed excitons localized at the added halogen ions.
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  • Jun’ichiro Nakahara, Koichi Kobayashi
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 189-198
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    Two emission lines which show nonlinear growth to the excitation intensity are found near the absorption edges in TlCl and in TlBr. They are investigated in a wide range of the excitation intensity at 4.2 K. From their intensity dependence on the excitation intensity, their line shapes and their energies, it is proposed that the higher energy emission line among is due to the radiative decay of the molecule of two X6+×R6 excitons by leaving one X6+×R6 exciton and one M-point LA-phonon through the forbidden indirect process. The lower energy emission is found to be due to the radiative decay of the excitonic molecule but its origin is not cleared. Theoretical calculation on the line shape of the emission from the molecule of forbidden indirect excitons is made.
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  • Hisao Hagiwara, Ryozo Oyamada
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 199-203
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    The classification of Raman bands observed for the glassy silica to ν1, ν3, ν4 modes of the Td symmetry is attempted and the force constants are estimated by Wilson’s method. In order to consider the dependence of the observed wave numbers ν3(n) corresponding to the above ν3 mode on the mole fraction n of PbO, the parameters, I(n)=(1−n)ISi–O⁄{(1−n)ISi–O+nIPb–O}, and P(n)=(1−n)PSi⁄{(1−n)PSi+nPPb}, are introduced in the composition ranges of 45∼62.5 and 62.5∼70 mol% of PbO respectively, where IXO=2Za2 and PX=Zer2 (Z: ionic valence, a: XO bond length, r: ionic radius, e: elementary charge). The interesting results which may give some insight of the structure of this glassy system are found, that is, the relations, ν32(n)=ν32(0)I(n)+b and ν32(n)=ν32(0)P(n)+b′, hold in each composition range.
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  • Kazuaki Tsuchida, Ryuji Abe
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 204-211
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    The ESR spectra of Fe3+ ion doped in KDP crystal were measured. From the angular dependence of the spectra, the spin Hamiltonian parameters were determined in the paraelectric phase. The g tensor was isotropic within the experimental error. The principle values of D tensor were determined to be DX=526, DY=−481, DZ=−45 in Gauss. From the Principle axes of D tensor, it was concluded that the FE3+ ion was doped in the K+ ion site, and a site of a hydrogen near the Fe3+ ion was vacant. Each line in the Spectra splits into two below the Curie temperature. One of the splitting lines became broad and weak on cooling. This peculiar temperature dependence of the lines was explained qualitatively by considering the jumping of a proton vacancy.
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  • Jimpei Harada, Makoto Sakata, Sadao Hoshino, Shunsuke Hirotsu
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 212-218
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    The crystal structure of cubic CsPbCl3 was reinvestigated by neutron diffraction technique at 55°C. Two structure models were examined: (i) perovskite structure with anisotropic thermal vibration and (ii) disordered structure having several potential minima for the Cs and Cl atoms, originally proposed by Møller (1959). Both models explain the present neutron data equally well with a reliability index of about 9%. A set of parameters refined on the basis of the structure factor proposed by Møller is, however, revealed to be simply another representation of the perovskite model. As for the perovskite model, anomalously large thermal vibrations were obtained for the Cs and Cl atoms. It is concluded that such anomalous thermal vibrations are characteristics of the phase transitions of this substance.
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  • Hideaki Koike, Shigeo Yamaguchi, Takaaki Hanyu
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 219-225
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    The effects of alloying on the absorption edge at 4 eV for Ag-based alloys, AgTi, AgV, AgCr, AgMn, AgFe, AgCo and AgNi are investigated. The Broadening of the edge is interpreted by the lifetime broadening of the states of conduction electrons. The relaxation time estimated from the the broadening of the edge is of the same order with that evaluated from the Drude absorption. The shift of the edge is estimated by two methods; from the position of the plasma frequency and from the absorption spectrum directly. The estimated shift of the edge is smaller than the expected value in the rigid-band model except AgTi.
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  • Takaaki Kawamura, Yasuhiro Ohkawa, Shizuo Miyake
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 226-232
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    Intensities of the specular Bragg reflection under the condition of surface state resonance and their temperature dependence were dealt with on the basis of the many beam dynamical theory for electrons having medium energy. An eight wave approximation was used, and good agreements were obtained with the results of experimental studies performed by Wada et al. for MgO (001) faces with 1∼1.5 keV electrons. It is pointed out that the temperature dependence of the intensity of a Bragg reflection is generally affected by the many beam effect, and shows an anomalous behavior under the condition of surface state resonance.
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  • Kenzo Miyazaki, Takahito Watanabe, Kuniya Fukuda
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 233-238
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    Stationary Cd plasma has been produced by a high-frequency excitation device of 27.1 MHz in a discharge tube of 10 mm inner diameter and 57 cm length, and the concentration of excited Cd atoms in the 5s5p 3P0,1,2 levels has been estimated by the hook method.
    The absorption cross section has been measured for the autoionizing transitions 5s5p 3P1,2–5P2 3P2 at 2212 and 2270Å, which represent the Lorentzian profile with the same half-width of 232 cm−1. The half width gives the autoionization probability 4.37×1013 sec−1 of the 5p2 3P2 state, and the integration of the profiles gives the oscillator strength of the transitions. Furthermore, the oscillator strengths of the transitions 5s5p 3P0,1,2–5p2 3P0,1 have been determined by the hook method.
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  • Isao Shimamura
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 239-249
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    Using the Coulomb Green function, general expressions are derived for the static and dynamic dipole polarizabilities of hydrogen-like atoms in arbitrary states. Also calculated for the hydrogen atom in the 1s and 2s states are the exact mean excitation energies relevant to the Lamb shift, the stopping power and its mean fluctuation, and the total cross section for fast charged particles colliding with the atoms.
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  • Masahiro Higuchi, Takeyoshi Nakayama, Noriaki Itoh
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 250-257
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Two T-T transitions in naphthalene crystals have been identified: one with a series of vibronic progressive absorption bands between 3500 Å and 4500 Å is assigned as the 3B1g3B2u+ transition, and the other with a series of absorption bands between 4500 Å and 6000 Å is assigned as the 3A1g+3B2u+ transition. The shape of the absorption band for the former transition has been studied between 20 K and room temperature, with the result that the shape has no temperature dependence above 80 K while the shape and the polarization change at lower temperatures. The absorption is concluded to be due to a band-to-band transition and the width of the 3B1g exciton band is determined to be 1050 cm−1.
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  • Tohru Sugimoto, Ken Ishikawa, Hideo Suzuki
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 258-266
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    The previous calculations of the light-absorbing property of π-electrons in bilitriene, as well as those of the interaction of bilitriene with constant electric fields, are refined in the following ways: (1) cis and trans configurations are considered for each of the neighboring pyrrole rings of bilitriene; (2) all the bond lengths together with the bond angles of the pyrrole rings with cyclic π-system are improved in each stage of the iteration processes for solving MO’s; (3) the interaction of bilitriene with constant electric fields is examined on the basis of the stationary perturbation theory for degenerate states.
    It is thus reaffirmed that any bilitriene including no ionic structure in its planar π-system cannot explain the observed absorption spectra of phytochrome even if its interaction with constant electric fields is taken into account.
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  • Shoichi Kai, Nobutoshi Yoshitsune, Kazuyoshi Hirakawa
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 267-273
    Published: January 15, 1976
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    The electrohydrodynamical effect is studied on the nematic liquid crystal MBBA. The flow velocity, the forming time of the characteristic flow, its recovery time and the fluctuation of the transmission of light are observed as functions of applied voltage V. The former two quantities show the existence of the three regions in which they are functionalized with the dimensionless parameter in the form (k−1)n: for example n=0.90, 1.38 and 1.75 for the reciprocal of the forming time. Where k=VVc and Vc is the critical voltage at which the flow begins to from the Williams domain. The recovery time shows the existence of several regions. An analogy of k to the ΔTΔTc is suggested, where ΔT and ΔTc is the thermal gradient and its critical value, respectively, in the case of the thermally excited liquid.
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  • Akira Yoshizawa
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 274-279
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A statistical formulation is presented for non-stationary homogeneous turbulence whose initial statistical quantities are given. Nonlinear effects of turbulence are taken into account in the form of the time-dependent turbulent viscosity. An integral equation is derived for the time-dependent turbulent viscosity from the Liouville equation, under an assumption that in the perturbative solution, only the leading term contributes to the second-order velocity correlations or the turbulent energy. This equation leads to a closed integral equation for the energy spectrum. It is shown that the solution of this equation always gives the positive energy spectrum and that Malfliet’s equation for the energy spectrum (W. P. M. Malfliet: Physica 45 (1969) 257) based on the method of multiple-time scales can be recovered from the present equation.
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  • Yoshimi Tsuchiya
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 280-285
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Experimental studies concerning the instability of thermal convection of a fluid between two parallel vertical plates kept at different temperatures have been carried out. When the Rayleigh number A exceeds some critical value Ac, traveling, wave-like temperature fluctuations of fluid are observed. The variance, angular frequency, wave number, correlation time and correlation length of the temperature fluctuations have been obtained from the measurements of distribution, auto-correlation and cross-correlation function. The variance depends on A as (A-Ac). The angular frequency is proportional to (A-Ac)1⁄2 and the wave number is independent of A. The correlation time and correlation length increase anomalously as the Rayleigh number approches the critical value Ac and both the correlation time and correlation length depend on the Rayleigh number as (A-Ac)−1.
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  • Junkichi Satsuma
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 286-290
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The exact N-soliton solution is obtained for the two-dimensional Korteweg-deVries equation,
    (Remark: Graphics omitted.),
    through Hirota’s method. The solution has the same functional from as one-dimensional case. The two-dimensional effects are also discussed.
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  • Makoto Kaburagi, Junjiro Kanamori
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 291
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Kunito Okamoto, Kazuhiro Hara, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Takashi Hashimoto
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 293-294
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The columnar structure in iron film is analyzed by the magnetic measurements. Irrespective of the stage of the formation of films, the columnar grains elongate toward the vapor beam direction and align densely along the perpendicular to the incidence plane, but at the initial stage the amount of the gaps between the columnar grains are considerably smaller than at the final stage.
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  • Kazushi Sugawara, C. Y. Huang
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 295-296
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    EPR at 9.2 GHz has been employed to obtain the crystalfield splittings of Ce3+ diluted in cubic LaX (X=P, As, Sb).
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  • Katsuaki Sato, Teruo Teranishi
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 297-298
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The CuFeS2 films were prepared by means of the close-spacing chemical vapor deposition technique, and the optical absorption spectra of the films were measured. Distinctive feature of the spectrum is the existence of an absorption edge at 3.7 eV in addition to a broad band located between 0.6 eV and 3.7 eV with a maximum around 2 eV. One can conclude from this observation that the absorption edge (0.6 eV) of CuFeS2 reported previously is the foot of the ‘charge transfer’ transition and that the extra absorption edge (3.7 eV) found in the present work corresponds to the fundamental absorption edge of the nonmagnetic analogs.
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  • Toshiharu Takizawa, Shizuo Hayashi
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 299-300
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Enthalpies of formation of lysozyme crystals were measured by a commercial twin microcalorimeter. The enthalpy of formation of the tetragonal and the orthorhombic crystals were −105±21 kj mol−1 and 54±13 kJ mol−1, respectively. The positive enthalpy of formation of the orthorhombic crystal was attributed to the hydrophobic interaction among lysozyme molecules in the crystal.
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  • Shoichi Kai, Kazuyoshi Hirakawa
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 301-302
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The regime diagram for instabilities in the nematic liquid crystal MBBA, which is electrically excited, have close analogy with that of thermally excited isotropic fluids. It is confirmed that the applied voltage and the frequency correspond to the Rayleigh number and the Prandtl number, respectively, through non-dimensionalization on them. A wavy pattern is newly found.
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  • Isao Shimamura
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 303-304
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Bounds on the overlap integral between an approximation and the exact wavefunctions are shown to follow from bounds on the second-order perturbation energy. Thus the Eckart lower bound on the overlap is a special case of the Unsöld approximation. Also, the generalized Hylleraase variational principle leads to the James-Coolidge and Wang upper bounds on the overlap.
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  • Shouichi Kai, Manabu Araoka, Hideki Yamazaki, Kazuyoshi Hirakawa
    1976 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 305-306
    Published: January 15, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The electrohydrodynamical instability in the nematic liquid crystal MBBA is studied by employing the transmission of light under the applied voltage. The second moment of the fluctuation and the index describing the frequency spectrum of the transmitted-intensity of light are scaled with the non-dimensionalized parameters near the instability points. The Fourier transformation of the auto-correlation is also shown.
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