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Nobuharu Ohmori, Kunihisa Jitsuno, Michinori Sakata, Yoshiaki Yamamoto ...
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1439-1447
Published: May 15, 1977
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The multi-core phenomena of extensive air showers were studied for sizes around 10
5 by a double-layer core detector array of spark chambers and scintillation counters at Mt. Norikura. Forty five events out of 123 air showers whose cores hit the core detector array were finely analyzed using spark photographs of them. We found that in the scintillation counter data the subpeaks were sometimes missed and, on the contrary, appeared the “spurious” subpeaks which were not observed in the spark chambers. By using the spark photographs, the subcores of an atmospheric origin with a wide spread lateral distribution of shower particles can be separated from those of a wall or a roof origin with a very steep lateral distribution. Applying the criterions of subcores, used by the four groups in Tokyo, Osaka, Sydney and Kiel, to our spark chamber data, we obtain the similar results to their frequencies of multi-cored air showers.
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Hironari Yamada, Hirokane Kawakami, Masahiro Koike, Kazuhisa Komura
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1448-1456
Published: May 15, 1977
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Electric monopole and quadrupole transitions from the first and second
Kπ=0
+ band states in
154Gd are observed through the decay of
154Tb with a high resolution iron-free magnetic spectrometer. Electric quadrupole transition matrix elements for the β-band states are deduced from an analysis of ratios
Qβg(
Iβ−
Ig′)⁄
eR2ρ(
Iβ−
Ig). The decrease of the rotation vibration interaction energy for high spin states of the β-band is discussed. Dimensionless ratios
X(
I2−
Iλ) for the second 0
+ band are deduced as follows;
X(0
2−0
g)=0.056±0.009 and
X(2
2−2
β)=0.069±0.011. The branching ratio of E0 reduced transition probabilities, ρ(0
2−0
β)⁄ρ(0
2−0
g), is found to be ≤0.3. The possibility of the second equilibrium deformation is discussed for the second
Kπ=0
+ band.
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Jun’ichi Sone
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1457-1462
Published: May 15, 1977
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Effect of spin-orbit interaction on the spin susceptibility of small metallic particles is investigated. Particles are so small that the spectrum of electronic excitations is discrete. It has been known that, in the absence of the spin-orbit interaction, a particle with an even number of conduction electrons has a vanishing susceptibility and a particle with an odd number of electrons shows a Curie-law susceptibility at temperatures lower than its finite energy level spacing. In the presence of spin-orbit interaction, the mixing of wave functions of the spin up and down states gives a significant contribution to the spin susceptibility. Consequently, a particle with an even or odd number of electrons has a nonvanishing or a modified Curie-type susceptibility, respectively, at low temperatures. Particularly, if the interaction is very strong, both are reduced to the Pauli paramagnetism.
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D. C. Gupta, N. D. Sharma
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1463-1466
Published: May 15, 1977
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The effect of pressure on the recoilless fraction ‘f’ for
57Fe as an impurity in titanium, vanadium and copper hosts, using the phonon frequency spectrum (pfs), has been studied. The variation in mass and force-constant with pressure is included. The results are compared with the experimental values. Using the concept of centro-frequency, the Debye model calculations with the effective temperature θ
E for the host, obtained from the pfs, are in agreement with the experiment.
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Kenichi Muto, Hiromasa Hirakawa
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1467-1476
Published: May 15, 1977
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Dynamic polarization of deuterons has been measured at 1.4 K for individual deuteron sites in a single crystal of La
2Mg
3(NO
3)
12·24D
2O doped with Nd ions. Under a constant pumping at 35 GHz, the enhancement of the 48 DMR components changes with the magnetic field in accord with the calculation based on the differential solid state effect. The site to site variation of the polarization, showing no systematic trend except for a possible slight dependence on the angle ∠OD, H, is left unexplained.
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Takehiko Oguchi, Takuma Ishikawa
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1477-1483
Published: May 15, 1977
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Annealed Ising ferromagnetic Binary alloys of arbitrary concentrations are solved by use of the Takagi approximation. The atom ordering energy as well as the exchange energy are taken into account. In the present paper the case that one of the component atoms is non-magnetic is studied. Since the exchange energy and the atom ordering energy disturb each other, the onset of order tends to destroy the magnetization and vice versa. Therefore several critical concentrations are found. The complete phase diagram is obtained in which a tetra-critical point exists. Complicated calculations are carried out by the analytical method as much as possible and the rest is supplemented by the natural iteration method developed by Kikuchi using the computer.
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Nagao Ohata
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1484-1490
Published: May 15, 1977
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The state of a self-trapped electron or a “magnetic polaron” in a magnetic semiconductor is investigated from a new point of view. The spatial variation of polarization of ionic spins around a conduction electron, which is ignored in the existing theories, is taken into account in calculating the binding energy of a magnetic polaron. The binding energy is plotted in a diagram against an appropriate single variable which characterizes the spatial distribution of spin polarization.
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Toshinobu Soma
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1491-1494
Published: May 15, 1977
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On the basis of a phenomenological theory with the experimental pressure dependence of phonon frequencies and elastic constants, the temperature-dependence of the Grüneisen constant is investigated for Si and Ge. The derived thermal expansion coefficient becomes negative at low temperatures for Si and is qualitatively agreement with the observed data.
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Yutaka Toyozawa, Akio Kotani, Atsuko Sumi
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1495-1505
Published: May 15, 1977
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Two complementary pictures for the resonance Raman scattering are presented, corresponding to two different ways of decomposing the four-time correlation function of dipole moment for this second-order process into a pair of two-time correlation functions. One is to take the auto-correlation of polarizability following the semi-classical picture for Raman scattering and expand it in powers of intra-system coupling; how the Raman spectra of higher orders approach the so-called luminescence is shown in the weak and strong coupling limits. Another is to study the correlation between absorption and emission processes; one can see how the relaxation of the strong coupled system after photoexcitation is reflected in the time-resolved emission spectra.
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Masao Koga, Shuzo Takano
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1506-1512
Published: May 15, 1977
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Quantum oscillations of 20 MHz longitudinal velocity of sound are measured at liquid helium temperatures in magnetic fields up to 23 kOe for single crystals of pure and tellurium doped bismuth. It is found that for sound wave propagating parallel to the bisectrix axis, non-principal electrons do not contribute to the oscillations in pure bismuth, but, in doped bismuth in which no hole is present, all groups of electrons contribute to the oscillations. It is shown that this experimental fact indicates the importance of the effect of the screening in the process of the renormalization of the phonon frequency in a semimetal.
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Takehiko Oguchi, Takuma Ishikawa
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1513-1516
Published: May 15, 1977
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Magnetic crystal containing one magnetic impurity atom, whose magnetic easy axis is different from that of host atoms, is studied theoretically. Two different methods are developed to give the spin orientation of the impurity and host atoms. They give almost the same results each other. The method is applied to the impurity Fe atom in CoCl
2 or NiCl
2 crystal. The spin of Fe atom is parallel to that of host atoms in CoCl
2, in agreement with the experimental result, but the case of NiCl
2 is not in agreement with the experimental result unless more anisotropic exchange interactions are introduced. It is predicted that the spin of impurity Ni or Co atom in FeCl
2 crystal is parallel to that of Fe atoms.
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Masaaki Matsui, Sakae Todo, Soshin Chikazumi
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1517-1524
Published: May 15, 1977
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It was observed for Fe
3O
4 that the presence of residual stresses lowers the so-called Verwey temperature,
Tv, considerably, broadens the temperature-width of the anomalous specific heat at
Tv, produces another additional peak and decreases the discontinuous conductivity change at
Tv. The entropy change at the phase transition was determined to be 5.4 J/mole·deg but when the effect of short range order is included it becomes 9.6 which is much larger than the value expected for electron hopping under the Anderson’s restriction.
The anisotropic conductivity was measured below
Tv along the monoclinic axes
a,
b and
c. The magnitude of conductivity was in the order of σ
c>σ
b>σ
a in the range of
Tv>
T>60 K, while it changed to σ
b>σ
a>σ
c below 60 K. The conductivity along [\bar111], or the longest 〈111〉, was also measured by using a squeezed crystal in which a monoclinic single domain is realized. This direction was least conductive among four 〈111〉’s in the whole temperature range.
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Kazuo Hattori
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1525-1528
Published: May 15, 1977
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Curie temperatures of dilute ferromagnets with the site and bond disorders are investigated in the Heisenberg and Ising models, using the effective Hamiltonian method. The systems are assumed to be quenched ones. Positive and negative exchange integrals as well as non-magnetic atoms are assumed to be randomly distributed. Numerical calculations of Curie temperatures are carried out for the Gaussian and rectangular distributions of exchange integrals. The critical conditions for ferromagnetism to occur at finite temperature are also discussed.
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Fumitaka Matsubara, Sakari Inawashiro
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1529-1537
Published: May 15, 1977
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Thermal and magnetic properties of a mixture of two anisotropic antiferromagnets with different easy axes have been analyzed both in mean field approximation and in the method of distribution function. A new phase called OAF phase is found within a certain range of concentration. In OAF phase, the spin of each species of ion on a sublattice has each own axis of sublattice magnetization tilting oblique to the easy axes of the pure systems. As temperature increases, OAF phase makes a transition into the antiferromagnetic phase and then to the paramagnetic phase successively. It is expected that these transitions are detected by measurements of specific heats for a powder sample and of susceptibilities for a single crystal. It is also pointed out that magnetization processes show some characteristic features of OAF phase.
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V. Niculescu, T. Litrenta, K. Raj, T. J. Burch, J. I. Budnick
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1538-1540
Published: May 15, 1977
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The purpose of this note is to report hyperfine field values for selected 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metal impurities, as well as for the sp elements Al and Si in the Fe
3Si matrix.
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Koki Ikeda
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1541-1546
Published: May 15, 1977
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The electrical resistivity of a series of Co
2A Laves phase compounds was measured in order to investigate its mutual correlation with their magnetic properties. In the weakly Pauli-paramagnetic compounds, Co
2Ti, Co
2Zr and Co
2Nb, the electrical resistivity shows a temperature variation proportional to
T3 below about 30 K. The electrical resistivity of the strongly Pauli-paramagnetic Co
2Y compound shows a fairly large temperature variation proportional to
T2 below about 20 K, which seems to be due to the paramagnon scattering. The experimental results of the electrical resistivity and the magnetization suggest that the substitutional cobalt atoms in the cobalt-rich Co
2A (A=Ti, Zr and Nb) compounds give rise to the Kondo effect with a characteristic temperature of ∼100 K.
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Junichiro Inoue, Masao Shimizu
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1547-1554
Published: May 15, 1977
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The average density of states and the local density of states for the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic Ni–Pd, Ni–Pt and Pd–Pt alloys are calculated by the coherent potential approximation by taking account of an off-diagonal randomness. The Hubbard model is assumed and the Hartree-Fock approximation is used. It is found that the band-width of these alloys changes nearly linearly with concentration. The peak of the density of states near the Fermi level remains without large distortion by alloying and that of the local density of states is similar to that of each pure metal. The bulk and local magnetic moments, paramagnetic spin susceptibility and low temperature specific heat coefficient are calculated. These results are compared with experiments and qualitative agreements are obtained.
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Muneyuki Date, Kiichi Okuda, Kazuo Kadowaki
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1555-1561
Published: May 15, 1977
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Electron spin resonance in MnSi single crystals was observed both above and below the transition temperature
TN. The experimental results below
TN were explained by applying the helical spin resonance theory developed by Copper and Elliott and the effective exchange fields {
J(
q0)−
J(0)}
S⁄
gμ
B and {
J(0)−
J(2
q0)}
S⁄
gμ
B were obtained as 3.0 kOe and 1.0 kOe, respectively, where
q0 is the screw vector. A dynamical anisotropy field should be taken into account to explain the experimental results. The paramagnetic resonance intensity above
TN decreases strongly as temperature increases.
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Kazuko Motizuki, Hisahiro Moriuchi
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1562-1568
Published: May 15, 1977
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The fine structure of optical absorption in MnO corresponding to the transition
6A
1g–
4T
1g of the Mn
2+ ions is interpreted in terms of magnon-phonon sideband. The calculated line shape of the magnon-phonon sideband is compared with the observation.
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Hirotoshi Ono, Nobuko Fuchikami
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1569-1577
Published: May 15, 1977
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A quantitative study is performed for absorption intensities of magnon sidebands by using the expression of effective dipole moment obtained by the present authors. 3
d orbitals of Mn
2+ and 3
s, 3
p of Cl
− are taken into account explicitly and intensities are calculated by varying covalencies between manganese and chlorine ions. If fairly large values are assumed for the covalency parameters, calculated
f-values of magnon sidebands corresponding to the transitions
6A
1g→
4Γ are the same order of magnitude of experimental values:
f=10
−6∼10
−7. Comparison of relative intensities suggests that a part of intensities obtained experimentally should be attributed to some other mechanisms besides magnons.
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Yoshimi Tsuchiya, Susumu Shibusawa, Shigeru Tamaki
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1578-1582
Published: May 15, 1977
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The magnetic susceptibilities of the liquid Ga–Te, In–Te and Tl–Te systems have been measured as a function of concentration and temperature. Curves of the susceptibilities of these alloys for all concentrations show rather a large deviation from the linearly interpolated ones at the compositions near Ga
2Te
3, In
2Te
3 and Tl
2Te. From these results, the range of the localization of electrons is also discussed.
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Takehiko Matsumoto
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1583-1590
Published: May 15, 1977
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The interaction of hydrogen with vanadium atom has been studied by NMR measurement in the ternary systems Nb
1−xVV
xVH
x. The linewidth of
93Nb resonance absorption curve is sharply decreased with an increase of the hydrogen concentration up to
x=
xV, and hardly changed in the range of
x>
xV. The Knight shift of
51V resonance,
KV also shows the characteristic change at
x=
xV. That is, the gradient of
KV, d
KV⁄d
x is greater when
x<
xV than
x>
xV. The results are explained by the formation of vanadium-hydrogen pair, which is generated mainly to reduce the internal strain induced by the difference in atomic sizes between niobium and vanadium atoms. The influence of the pair on the resonance parameters at the niobium and vanadium nuclei is discussed from the geometrical consideration of the pair.
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Kenji Hinode, Shoichiro Tanigawa, Masao Doyama
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1591-1593
Published: May 15, 1977
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The recovery of plastically deformed copper was measured by positron lifetime for four different degrees of deformation. Two stages were observed; the high temperature stage (300∼500°C) is attributed to recrystallization but the origin of the low temperature stage (below 200°C) is not so clear.
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Kazuhiko Tsuji, Makoto Yao, Hirohisa Endo
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1594-1600
Published: May 15, 1977
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Simultaneous measurement of the conductivity σ and thermoelectric power
S has been made for liquid Hg and 0.5 and 2.0 at% Cd amalgams in the temperature range 20–1600°C and the pressure range 1–1700 bar. The vapour pressure curves and the critical points for Hg and dilute Cd amalgams have been determined from the measurements of σ. The vapour pressure curve remarkably shifted with addition of Cd. The critical point for 0.5 at% Cd amalgam was estimated to be at 1500±20°C and 1680±20 bar. Near the critical point
S for Hg abruptly changed from a large negative to near zero. With addition of Cd to Hg σ and
S increased. The observed large differences of σ and
S between Hg and Cd amalgams at high temperatures are discussed.
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Ryozo Yoshizaki, Shoji Tanaka
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1601-1608
Published: May 15, 1977
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The
Γ8–
Γ8 interband magneto-absorptions in HgTe were measured using two far-infrared lasers (118 μm and 337 μm) under a uniaxial compressional stress.The stress was applied parallel to the magnetic field and to each of the principal crystallographic directions [001] and [111]. The experimental results show that the level inversion occurs between the lowest Landau levels of the conduction and the valence band by increasing the magnetic field for the case of the compressional stress. The observed resonance peaks were analyzed by using the effective mass theory. The shear deformation potentials of the
Γ8 bands have been obtained as D
u=1.9±0.6 eV and D
u′=1.8±0.2 eV.
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Shun-ichi Naoé, Ken-ichi Kan’no, Yoshio Nakai
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1609-1616
Published: May 15, 1977
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The
E⊥
c and
E⁄⁄
c absorption spectra due to the Cu
+ center in CdCl
2 and CdBr
2 single crystals with layer structure have been investigated in the ultraviolet region. The intensities of
E⊥
c absorptions in both crystals do not change very much with elevating temperature, while those of
E⁄⁄
c absorptions increase appreciably. The oscillator strengths at L.N.T. of
E⊥
c absorptions are estimated to be 0.016 for CdCl
2: Cu
+ and 0.058 for CdBr
2:Cu
+, and those of
E⁄⁄
c absorptions are 0.005 for CdCl
2:Cu
+ and 0.012 for CdBr
2:Cu
+. These absorptions are attributed to the forbidden transition (3d)
10→(3d)
94s in Cu
+ ion which becomes partially allowed by the interaction with phonons for
E⁄⁄
c, and by locating the Cu
+ ion on an off-center position for
E⊥
c.
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Yûichi Tazuke
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1617-1621
Published: May 15, 1977
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Electron spin resonance study of Mn
2+ ions doped in (CH
3)
4NCdCl
3 (TMCC) is made at K-band frequency from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature. ESR spectrum of uniaxial symmetry is obtained at room temperature. The spectrum changes to a rhombic one at
Tc1=112.4±0.1 K corresponding to hexagonal-to-monoclinic transition of the host crystal. The spectrum pattern changes at
Tc2=96.0±0.1 K corresponding to the second transition which has not been reported earlier. The number of inequivalent Mn
2+ sites becomes two whereas there is one Mn
2+ site above
Tc2. Temperature variation of hyperfine interaction constant
A and crystal field parameters
D and
E are presented. Relation between ESR spectrum pattern and crystal symmetry is discussed.
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Tatsumi Kurosawa, Makoto Matsui, Wataru Sasaki
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1622-1631
Published: May 15, 1977
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An analysis is made for systematic change of the low temperature resistivity versus temperature curves with the change of donor concentration found in heavily Sb-doped germanium. The observed results are consistently accounted for in terms of the assumption that the donor electrons are degenerate in a rigid band with the same structure as the pure crystal, and of a specific assumption for the energy dependence of the coulomb scattering which deviates distinctly from the usual one at low energies where the electron wavelength is greater than the average impurity distance. The assumptions are shown to be consistent with observed temperature dependence of the Hall effect. The resistivity vs temperature curves for single valley, including the case induced by applying uniaxial stress, and other multivalley semiconductors are interpreted on the same basis.
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Yoshifumi Katayama, Koziro Narita, Yasuhiro Shiraki, Masaaki Aoki, Kii ...
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1632-1639
Published: May 15, 1977
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The conductivity of
n-type inversion layers in silicon MOS field-effect transistors near threshold is studied as a function of electron concentration
ns, temperature and magnetic field. In the specimens with a small amount of disorder at the interfaces, the inversion layer conductivity at low concentrations
ns<10
11 cm
−2 shows a sharp maximum at around 13 K. This anomalous enhancement of inversion layer conductivity is discussed relating to the Wigner crystallization.
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James Ferguson, Hiromitsu Masui
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1640-1646
Published: May 15, 1977
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Decay curves and relative quantum efficiencies of Ni
2+ fluorescence (
1T2g→
3A2g and
3T2g) in KZnF
3 : Ni crystals of various concentrations were measured at temperatures from 22 K to 297 K. The crystals of higher concentrations than 0.59% exhibit non-exponential decays, which are attributed to non-radiative and resonant energy transfer between a pair of Ni
2+ ions (cross relaxation), and are analyzed along the theories of Dexter and Inokuti and Hirayama. The experimental results can be explained by the exchange mechanism more consistently than the electric multipole mechanisms.
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Tetsusuke Hayashi, Tokiko Ohata, Shigeharu Koshino
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1647-1649
Published: May 15, 1977
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The intensity of the edge emission in KI and RbI has been measured from 5 K to 100 K. The temperature dependence is interpreted in terms of a simple exciton decay model. Thermal quenching of the emission can be ascribed to the increase in the self-trapping probability of excitons. The edge emission is assumed to originate from a metastable free exciton state.
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Takeshi Shigenari, Yasunari Takagi
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1650-1655
Published: May 15, 1977
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Raman spectrum was studied for several KH
2(1−x)D
2xPO
4 crystals with 0<
x<0.85. Effects of deuteration were seen in spectra of collective tunneling modes and optical modes coupled to them. Below
Tc, in the B
2 modes spectra for large
x, a distinct narrowing of the width of a mode (ω
+=210 cm
−1) was observed in addition to the expected extinction of the soft mode (ω
−=140 cm
−1). In the E-mode spectra, a sharp mode at 113 cm
−1 and a broad Rayleigh wing were also found to be sensitive to the deuteration.
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Tomoyuki Hikita, Saburo Sato, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Takuro Ikeda
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1656-1659
Published: May 15, 1977
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Phase transitions were searched in five langbeinite-type crystals in the temperature range 20∼−196°C. Dielectric and elastic anomalies were found at −72°C in a single crystal of K
2Mn
2(SO
4)
3. Pyroelectric measurements showed that the low temperature phase of K
2Mn
2(SO
4)
3 is not polar. Dielectric and pyroelectric measurements were made on the polycrystalline samples of the solidified molten K
2Zn
2(SO
4)
3 and K
2Cd
2(SO
4)
3. It was found that K
2Zn
2(SO
4)
3 undergoes pyroelectric phase transition at −137°C, but K
2Cd
2(SO
4)
3 does not show any phase transition. It was also found that K
2Mg
2(SO
4)
3 and Rb
2Mg
2(SO
4)
3 of pressed powder crystals do not show any phase transition signal.
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Masao Kamada, Tetsuzo Yoshimura, Riso Kato
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1660-1668
Published: May 15, 1977
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Luminescence spectra of NaNO
2 single crystal associated with
1B1→
1A1. transition in NO
2− have been measured for the
E⁄⁄
a,
E⁄⁄
b and
E⁄⁄
c polarizations. Intensities of the series of sharp vibronic lines are described by a Poisson distribution
In∝(
e−ssn⁄
n!) with
s\simeq4. These lines are interpreted by a simple configuration coordinate model. It has been found that the profile of the phonon side band of the
E⁄⁄
a luminescence is nearly a mirror image of that of the absorption with respect to the zero-phonon line, while the profile of the side band of the
E⁄⁄
b luminescence is quite different from that of the absorption. The latter result is interpreted in terms of the exciton-phonon bound state. Two extra series of weak satellite bands have been found and are interpreted as the vibronic lines due to isotopic species N
15O
216− and N
14O
16O
18−.
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Kiyoshi Kawamura, Hisashi Oshima, Takuro Tsuzuku
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1669-1674
Published: May 15, 1977
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Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic properties have been investigated of a single crystal graphite irradiated with fast neutrons of a total dose of 3×10
16 nvt, and after subsequently annealed at 250°C and 1400°C. The Seebeck coefficients (
S) of the post-irradiated as well as the 250°C-annealed crystals are wholly positive at temperatures (
T) between 300 K and 4.2 K, while the characteristic phonon drag anomaly still survives in the
S vs
T diagram, consisting of positive and negative components located around 25 K and 40 K respectively. Annealing at 1400°C, whereby the radiation-induced vacancies have mostly been recovered, makes the
S vs
T curve not much different from that of the unirradiated graphite, except for the doublet structure of the phonon drag dip. The presence of a magnetic field enhances the thermoelectricity in positive and/or negative direction. The Nernst-Ettingshausen coefficient measured at 6 kOe is also accompanied by the phonon drag anomaly having the doublet structure.
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Naoshi Matsuno
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1675-1679
Published: May 15, 1977
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Precision measurements of macroscopic (dilatometric) thermal expansion Δ
L⁄
L0 and microscopic (X-ray) thermal expansion Δ
d⁄
d0 have been carried out on bismuth single crystals (99.9999%) along both
a and
c directions in the temperature range between 50° to 260°C. The equilibrium defect concentration was obtained as a function of temperature by assuming the primary defects to be monovacancies. The concentration of vacancies is 6.17×10
−4 at the melting point, and the formation energy and entropy of a monovacancy are 0.35 eV and 0.3
k, respectively. The ratios of the expansion arising exclusively from the creation of defects to the true thermal expansion of the ideal lattice without any thermal generation of vacancies are 2.0% and 0.53% at the melting point for the
a and
c directions, respectively.
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Akira Yanase
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1680-1686
Published: May 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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The photo-absorption and the magneto-optic properties of Sm
2+ in CaF
2 type crystals have been calculated and compared with experiments. It is shown that, in the excited states of 4
f55
d configuration, the total spin
S=
Sd+
Sf and a composite angular momentum
J=
S+
Lf are good quantum number. A selection rule characteristic for this coupling scheme is given. Precise values of all the important interactions are determined.
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Nobuo Ueno, Yasuomi Hayasi, Setsuo Kiyono
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1687-1690
Published: May 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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The energy distribution curves of photo-emitted electrons from perylene polycrystal have been measured by using He I, Ne II and He II resonance radiations. The electron energy structure of valence electrons of perylene polycrystal over the energy width of 17 eV was determined with the measured photoelectron spectra.
It was found that the intensity of the photoelectron structures slightly depends on the energy of the incident photon. The origin of the dependence was discussed in connection with the fine structures appearing in the electron scattering spectrum.
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Koichiro Matsuno
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1691-1693
Published: May 15, 1977
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Prebiological molecular evolution under influence of material flows proceeds in the direction along which the combined system of both the macromolecules as an evolving physico-chemical network of reaction and its exterior decreases the irreversible decay rate of the whole. The combined system decreases its irreversible decay rate as the resultant number of molecules both flowing into and flowing out of the reaction network of macromolecules over a unit time interval decreases.
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Yoshitaka Beppu, Sigeo Yomosa
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1694-1700
Published: May 15, 1977
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The electronic properties of the charge relay systems of serine proteases in substrate- and solvent-free condition are studied by using CNDO/2 molecular orbital method. In order to investigate the coupling of the motions of two protons which transfer from His to Asp and from Ser to His, the potential energy surfaces are calculated as the functions of the coordinates of the two protons. These surfaces indicate that the two protons transfer not simultaneously but in a stepwise manner; first, one proton transfers from histidine to aspartate, and then the other proton transfers from serine to histidine anion. The potential energy curves are also calculated as the functions of the angle which represents the rotation of O
γ of Ser-195 about the seryl C
α–C
β axis. It is found from the curves that O
γ of α-chymotrypsin can rotate by approximately 120° if seryl anion is formed.
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Nobuo Kobayashi, Yozaburo Kaneko, Fumihiro Koike, Tsutomu Watanabe
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1701-1706
Published: May 15, 1977
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A new mechanism for charge transfer is presented in order to interpret the low-energy experimental results for Ar
++O
2→Ar+O
2+ and Kr
++O
2→Kr+O
2+ collisions. A collision complex is formed by the coupling of the outermost orbital of an Ar
+ (or Kr
+) and the
inner O
2–π
u orbital due to the proximity of their binding energies. A further electronic transition takes place from this charge-transfer state to the O
2+ ground state during the formation of the collision complex. The possibility of this mechanism is theoretically considered and the consistency of the present mechanism with the data for Ar
++NO, Kr
++NO, and Ar
++CO collisions is also discussed.
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Hiroshi Amemiya
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1707-1714
Published: May 15, 1977
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The behavior of the primary electron beam due to interaction with a plasma and neutral atoms are studied experimentally by injecting an electron beam into a plasma with parameters of beam energy, beam and plasma densities. The energy spectrum of the beam, initially having a sharp energy spectrum, broadens toward higher and lower energies along the direction of beam flow as an increasing function of the above variables under the influence of waves excited. The intensity and, especially, the frequency of these waves are important factors for the energy broadening, since an externally applied wave causes a marked change in the energy spectrum of the beam when its frequency is near that of the excited waves and its amplitude is above a certain value. Besides collision with gas atoms, the fluctuations are found to be responsible for the spatial scattering of the beam. Due to the variation of the beam energy distribution function, the waves with a broad spectrum near the plasma frequency set in saturation at a relatively short distance from the gun. In the above nonlinear system, the naturally excited waves are totally suppressed by an external wave.
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Hidenori Akiyama, Shunichi Hirose, Susumu Takeda
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1715-1720
Published: May 15, 1977
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The double resonance parametric process in a plasma is experimentally studied by using two high frequency electric fields which have frequencies near the electron plasma frequency. The difference between two frequencies is selected twice the ion acoustic wave frequency. The experimental results are well explained by the theory which predicts the lower threshold and higher growth rate of the parametric excitation for the two pumps than those for the single pump.
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Tamio Hara
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1721-1729
Published: May 15, 1977
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An evolution of the current-driven ion wave instability is investigated experimentally. The linear properties of the instability are confirmed. The nonlinear evolution of the instability is studied. When the ratio of electron drift velocity to thermal velocity,
vd⁄
ve\simeq0.1, which is measured directly by the rotatable Langmuir probe, the turbulent power spectrum has a peak in the vicinity of ν
i−n and decreases monotonically as ω
−4.2±0.4 with ω. From the scattering of the probing ion beam, it is found that the charged particles are resonantly scattered by the ion wave turbulence. The experimental results are compared with those from the perturbed orbit theory.
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Toshitaka Idehara, Nobuto Miyama, Yoshio Ishida
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1730-1736
Published: May 15, 1977
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Below the electron cyclotron frequency, spatially growing and damping waves are excited by the coaxial probe in a magnetized beam-plasma system. The former is the beam space charge wave amplified by a reactive-medium instability, because its characteristics are very similar to those of a beam wave excited by mesh-modulation of beam. While, the latter is considered to be the Trivelpiece mode of a magnetized plasma. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical consideration based on the dispersion relation of the mode.
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Mitsuyoshi Takeda, Toshitaka Idehara, Yoshio Ishida
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1737-1743
Published: May 15, 1977
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The dispersion relation of ion Bernstein wave is analyzed numerically, for a Maxwellian plasma and an ion beam-plasma system. In an ion beam-plasma system, the coupling of the wave with the slow space charge wave and the slow cyclotron wave results in electrostatic instabilities, while those with the fast space charge wave and the fast cyclotron wave do in strong damping of waves. The behaviors of the wave are studied in detail for both cases of a Maxwellian plasma and an ion beam-plasma system, the results of which are compared with the electron Bernstein wave.
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Taro Dodo, Osami Okada, Yoshinosuke Terashima
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1744-1751
Published: May 15, 1977
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A low frequency electrostatic instability in toroidal geometry is analysed with the two fluid equations. This instability is driven by the charge separation of plasma due to the toroidicity. The growth rate is largest when the parallel wave number is zero. This instability indicates an oscillation of poloidal mode numbers
m=4, 3, 2 on the rational surfaces
q=4, 3, 2 in tokamaks.
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Koichi Tanaka
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1752-1758
Published: May 15, 1977
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A two-dimensional flow of very large Reynolds numbers induced by sinusoidal wavy motion of a wall is considered taking account of a nonlinearity of the motion. It is found that the velocity of the induced steady streaming is proportional to the square of the ratio of the amplitude to the wavelength of the wavy wall, and that it approaches to a constant value in the form of damped oscillation with respect to the distance from the wall. They are qualitatively similar to the results obtained for smaller Reynolds number flows, but the flow field is more dominated by the higher harmonics.
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Hisao Mizumoto, Hiroshi Okazaki
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1759-1763
Published: May 15, 1977
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The steady viscous incompressible fluid flow past an
arbitrary symmetric cylindrical obstacle being in the middle of two parallel walls is treated, and a method to find its numerical solution is given. By an application of the theory of conformal mapping, the problem is reduced to a boundary value problem of partial differential equations on a rectangular domain. Then the difference analogue of the problem on the rectangular domain can be approximately solved on a digital computer. Some results of numerical calculations are reported for the cases where the obstacle is a circular cylinder and the distance between two walls is various, the Reynolds number being 1 and 5.
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Motoyoshi Ikeda
1977 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages
1764-1771
Published: May 15, 1977
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By means of the Fourier transform and an amplitude expansion, the Navier-Stokes equation is reduced to a weakly non-linear equation for \ ilde
E, the slowly varying complex amplitude of an envelope of a quasi-monochromatic disturbance. The equation retains non-linear terms consisting of the spatial derivative of the amplitude, \ ilde
E∂|\ ilde
E|
2⁄∂
x and |\ ilde
E|
2∂\ ilde
E⁄∂
x, which have been omitted as higher order terms in the third order analysis deriving the non-linear Schrödinger type equation. The coefficients of these terms are revealed to be much larger than that of \ ilde
E|\ ilde
E|
2. This fact tells us that the behavior of the disturbance is influenced by very weak non-periodicity. Numerical calculations of the amplitude equation are performed in order to examine this behavior.
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