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Khalil Gholipour Khalili, Masayoshi Kikugawa
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
1-4
Published: July 15, 1977
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The non-physical components of Kemmer-β formalism for spin-1/2 particles have been removed. It is shown that in the presence of an external electromagnetic field the formalism is identical with that of the second-order spinor equation of Feynman and Gell-Mann. Application of the Peierls method of quantization to this formalism is discussed.
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Hidezumi Terazawa, Yuichi Chikashige, Keiichi Akama, Takayuki Matsuki
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
5-7
Published: July 15, 1977
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An effective Lagrangian for gravitational field is constructed in our model of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type for gravity. It is shown that in a certain coordinate condition, the equation of motion derived from this Lagrangian is reduced to the Einstein’s equation of motion in the weak-field approximation.
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Hiroshi Yamamoto, Kiyoshi Kawade, Yujiro Ikeda, Toshio Katoh
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
8-16
Published: July 15, 1977
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A spectroscopic study of the decay of
152Pm to the levels of
152Sm was performed by using Ge(Li), NaI(Tl) and plastic detectors. The radioactive sources were produced from the (n, p) reaction with 14.8 MeV neutrons on enriched samarium targets. The half-lives of two
152Pm isomers are 4.30±0.37 and 7.52±0.08 min. One hundred and twenty-nine γ-rays, including 96 new ones, were observed and 108 of them are assigned to the decay schemes for
152Pm including 22 new levels. An observed Q
β value for the 4.30 min
152Pm was 3.50±0.10 MeV. Most probable spin assignments of 1
+ and 4
− are proposed for the 4.30 and 7.52 min
152Pm, respectively. The results are discussed in terms of the unified model.
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Michikatsu Takai, Tadashi Kambara, Kazumasa Tada, Masanobu Nakamura, S ...
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
17-24
Published: July 15, 1977
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The differential cross sections for the
12C(d, p)
13C reaction at a deuteron energy of 9.0 MeV have been measured with paying special attention to the transitions to the 5⁄2
+ state at 6.864 MeV and the 3⁄2
+ state at 7.677 MeV. The experimental results were compared with the second-order DWBA calculations that involve the inelastic excitation of
12C core using coupled channel form factors. The theoretical calculations reproduce the experimental data well. It has been shown that the two-step processes are dominant in the
12C(d, p)
13C reaction leading to these states that have large fractions of the parentage of the excited state of target nucleus.
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Masaharu Hoshi
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
25-33
Published: July 15, 1977
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The level scheme of the transition nucleus
151Sm was studied. Energies and relative intensities of 127 gamma rays following the decay of
151Pm were measured with 40 cm
3 and 1 cm
3 Ge(Li) detectors. Main gamma-ray energies of less than 450 keV were precisely determined. Gamma-gamma coincidence measurements and angular correlation measurements were performed. The E2/M1 mixing ratio of the 139.3-keV gamma ray was determined to be δ=−0.16
−0.07+0.06. From these measurements and the Coulomb excitation results two
B(E2) values were obtained to be 0.12
−0.07+0.29 and 0.079
−0.065+0.46 e
2·b
2 for the gamma transitions from the 209.0-keV (7⁄2
−) level to the 4.8-keV (3⁄2
−) level, and from the 209.0-keV level to the 69.7-keV (5⁄2
−) level, respectively. Rotational bands of the low-lying odd parity states are discussed from these results.
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Kunihide Okada, Hiroshi Yasuoka
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
34-40
Published: July 15, 1977
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The investigation of
59Co NMR in CoO single crystal has been made in the antiferromagnetic state under an external magnetic field. The observed value of the hyperfine field at
59Co nucleus in zero external field is found to be +495.3±0.5 kOe at 4.2 K, which is in good agreement with the theoretically estimated value of +485 kOe. Analysing the angular dependence of the NMR spectra in the external field of 15.0 kOe, the angle between the hyperfine field and the (001) axis is determined to be 21.1±0.5° at 4.2 K which differs from corresponding angle of the spin moments. The angle increases slightly when the temperature is increased.
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Hironobu Fujii, Tsuneo Hokabe, Takahiko Kamigaichi, Tetsuhiko Okamoto
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
41-46
Published: July 15, 1977
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The magnetic properties of hexagonal Fe
2P single crystal are studied by the measurements of magnetization, susceptibility, thermal expansion and electrical resistivity along the principal crystallographic axes. It is found that the saturation magnetization per molecule and the Curie temperature are 2.94 μ
B and 208.6 K, respectively, and the anisotropy constant
K1 is 2.32×10
7 erg/cm
3 at 4.2 K, which is considerably larger than the values in 3d-transition compounds. The thermal expansion and the electrical resistivity show discontinuous changes at the Curie temperature indicating that the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition of Fe
2P is accompanied by the first-order transition due to magnetoelastic effects. The exchange striction obtained from the measurement of thermal expansion is discussed on the basis of the theory of Bean and Rodbell.
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Masaaki Matsui, Sakae Todo, Soshin Chikazumi
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
47-52
Published: July 15, 1977
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Saturation magnetization of low temperature phase of Fe
3O
4 was accurately measured for the monoclinic single phase using automatic magnetic pendulum. The spontaneous magnetization just below
TV was found to be about 0.1% smaller than that just above
TV, even after the extrapolation to the infinitely large magnetic field which is applied parallel to the cubic [001]. The saturation magnetization at 0 K was determined to be 97.77 emu/g (4.05 μ
B/Fe
2+) after extrapolation to 0 K by using the
T3⁄2 law. The magnetization curves were measured along the principal axes of monoclinic phase and compared with the calculation using the available anisotropy constants. The agreement was good except for low magnetic field region in all the directions.
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Kiyoshi Motida
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
53-56
Published: July 15, 1977
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It is shown that there exist a relationship between 180° Ni
2+–O
2−–Mn
4+ and 180° and 90° Mn
4+–O
2−–Mn
4+ superexchange interactions through a common exchange integral. The derived result interprets the relationship between Curie point of La(Ni
1⁄22+Mn
1⁄24+)O
3 and Néel points of the (Sr
1−xCa
x)Mn
4+O
3 series within the accuracy of the experimental values used.
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Kenji Shimizu, Hidemasa Mizutani, Junkichi Itoh
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
57-63
Published: July 15, 1977
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The nuclear magnetic resonances of Gd
155 and Gd
157 in Tb
12%–Gd, Dy
10%–Gd, Er
9%–Gd and Tm
7%–Gd alloys have been studied at 1.4 K by the spin echo method. These experiments have shown the dependence of the magnetic hyperfine field at Gd nuclei upon the angle θ between the crystallographic
c-axis and the direction of the magnetic moment of Gd. The magnetic hyperfine fields have been found to be 333 kOe in Tb
12%–Gd with angle θ=90° and 396 kOe in Er
9%–Gd with angle θ=27°. The observed electric field gradients (EFG) were nearly the same in these alloys. The values of the EFG were 2.0×10
24 cm
−3 in Tb
12%–Gd and 2.1×10
24 cm
−3 in Er
9%–Gd respectively. The contribution of the conduction electrons to the EFG was the same order of magnitude as that of the charges of the ions at every lattice sites.
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Masayuki Kawakami, Nobuki Ibaraki
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
64-69
Published: July 15, 1977
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Relaxation times for the domain and wall resonances arising, respectively, from the edge and the center of the 180° domain walls in ferromagnetic MnP have been measured by steady state and spin echo methods at 77 K in zero external field. The values obtained by steady state method τ and the values obtained by spin echo method
T1,
T2 are as follows; 390±40 μsec (τ
d), 27±4 μsec (τ
w), 3.7 msec (
T1d), 78 μsec (
T2d), and 6.4 μsec (
T2w). Here, d refers to the domain resonance and w refers to the wall resonance. The value of τ
d is intermediate between
T1d and
T2d, which is qualitatively predicted from the Portis theory. The relaxation times of the domain resonance are 12 to 14 times as large as those of wall resonance in MnP.
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Shigeru Hirooka, Masao Shimizu
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
70-76
Published: July 15, 1977
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The electron correlation in disordered alloys is discussed in the Hubbard model. A single band model is assumed, and the
t-approximation and the coherent potential approximation are used. It is shown that intra-atomic Coulomb interactions are screened by the effect of electron correlation and effective intra-atomic Coulomb interactions at atomic sites are introduced. As an example their numerical estimation is carried out for Pd–Rh alloys. The effective intra-atomic Coulomb interactions are found to be considerably dependent on the concentration of alloys. By taking into account the electron correlation a generalized transverse spin susceptibility for disordered alloys is also calculated.
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Kazuo Hattori
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
77-81
Published: July 15, 1977
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The Ising model with a transverse field has been investigated for both positive and negative exchange interactions. Effective Hamiltonians are used for a pair of nearest-neighbour spins. The transition temperature and susceptibility above the transition temperature are calculated. The critical magnitude of the transverse field for which the transition temperature becomes 0
K is also evaluated. When the transverse field is absent, the result of the present method is reduced to that of the Bethe approximation.
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Hidetaro Abe
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
82-88
Published: July 15, 1977
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Two kinds of ESR spectra, from the two kinds of sites, observed in a temperature range between 80 and 1.4 K have highly anisotropic
g- and
A-tensors. The crystalline field acting on the Co
2+ ions having
g-components of 2.028, 3.50, and 6.68 (orthorhombic) is deduced to come from the oxygen octahedron with axial compression whereas that having 5.8, 3.3, and 3.75 (nearly tetragonal) from that with axial elongation. The former is assigned to that at A-site and the latter to B-site.
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Masayuki Hasegawa, Toshiharu Suzuki, Makoto Hirabayashi
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
89-96
Published: July 15, 1977
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The Fermi surfaces of Cu–Pd alloys below 63% Pd are studied by means of the angular correlation of positron annihilation with crossed- and long-slit geometries. The 〈001〉- and 〈110〉-radii decrease with increasing palladium content up to 30% in agreement with a calculation based on the rigid band model. The 〈111〉 neck radius also decreases with increasing composition, and it is suggested that the Fermi surface detaches from the hexagonal face of the Brillouin zone around 20% Pd, but remains to bulge in this direction at higher compositions. No detectable change is found in the correlation curves of the ordered and disordered states at 15 and 19% Pd. The origin of stabilization of the long period ordered structure near Cu
3Pd is discussed in the light of the present results.
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Yousuke Watanabe
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
97-101
Published: July 15, 1977
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A new method of calculation of the stacking fault and twin boundary energies in bcc metal is presented. This method is based on the model in which bcc crystal is built up of a bundle of close-packed atomic rows. Applying pseudopotential method, interaction energy between the atomic rows has been calculated, and then the energy of the two types of stacking fault and the energy of twin boundary in bcc sodium has been calculated. This method is found to be free from the convergence problem and superior to that formerly presented by Rao.
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Kohji Yamakawa, Masato Tada, F. Eiichi Fujita
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
102-107
Published: July 15, 1977
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A new method of hydrogenation and quenching of metals in liquid hydrogen, i.e. the hydrogen quenching method, is developed and applied to investigate the recovery of pure iron after the hydrogenation and quenching by measuring the electrical resistivity change during annealing at higher temperatures. A new stage corresponding to the migration and disappearance of solute hydrogen atoms in pure iron appears in the resistivity decay curve, and by an approximate analysis based upon the rate process calculation the migration energy of single interstitial hydrogen atoms is determined to be 2.2±0.2 kcal/mol. In the diffusion process, most of the solute hydrogen atoms are discharged at the free surface of the specimen, but, in order to fully explain the resistivity decay curves, the influence of trapping sites or sinks for hydrogen in the interior must be also considered.
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Masamichi Yokogawa, Akihiro Moritani, Tsuguru Shirakawa, Chihiro Hamag ...
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
108-113
Published: July 15, 1977
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Electron tunneling effects of Pb
1−xSn
xTe are investigated in M–I–S junctions. Phonon-assisted tunneling effects are observed in the d
2I⁄d
V2−
V characteristics. Assignments of four peaks which appear antisymmetric with respect to zero bias in the d
2I⁄d
V2−
V characteristics are made by measuring the composition-dependence of energy positions of these peaks. These assignments are examined from the group theoretical point of view. The energies of the LO phonons at
Γ point are 14.3±0.5 meV for PbTe and 17.1±0.5 meV for SnTe, which are in good agreement with the results obtained by the other methods.
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Yukio Toyoda, Naoki Kishimoto, Koichi Murakami, Kazuo Morigaki
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
114-117
Published: July 15, 1977
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The peak shift of the central ESR line of P-doped Si has been measured at 46 GHz as a function of temperature in the range from 0.56 K to 4.2 K and donor concentration in the range from 3.1×10
17 cm
−3 to 1.8×10
18 cm
−3. The results are discussed in terms of Rosso’s model.
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Yukio Toyoda, Kazuo Morigaki
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
118-123
Published: July 15, 1977
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The peak shift of the central ESR line of P-doped Si has been measured as a function of microwave power at 46.1 GHz and 1.5 K. Also a change in the peak shift associated with NMR of
29Si and
31P has been observed. This result confirms that the power-dependent peak shift arises from the nuclear fields by
31P and
29Si enhanced by dynamical nuclear polarization due to the Overhauser effect. This ENDOR experiment also provides information about the amplitude of donor wave function around a donor site and the spatial fluctuation of the electron density on the donor site.
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Shuichi Ishida, Eizo Otsuka
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
124-131
Published: July 15, 1977
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Experimental evidence for the magnetic field-induced metal-nonmetal transition in n-InSb has been obtained, under the magnetic fields up to 13.3 kOe, by systematically investigating the Hall coefficient and the transverse magnetoresistivity for the samples containing 2×10
14—4×10
15 cm
−3 of donors with nearly fixed compensation ratio
K∼0.5 at liquid helium temperatures. The donor concentration dependence of the critical magnetic field strength at the transition satisfactorily agrees with the theoretical prediction on the impurity band. The observed minimum metallic conductivity proves practically insensitive to magnetic field and increases with increasing density of localized centers, in accord with Mott’s concept of the metal-nonmetal transition in doped semiconductors.
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Saburo Endo
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
132-138
Published: July 15, 1977
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The thermal conductivity of a pure CdIn
2S
4 single crystal and Cr-doped ones has been measured between 1.8 and 200 K. The pure CdIn
2S
4 shows normal behavior as usually observed in the other ionic or valence crystals. The chromium ions substituted for indium ions in CdIn
2S
4 lattice produce additional phonon scatterings of a resonant type at temperatures centered at around 3 and 40 K for all the samples. The wave numbers of the phonons corresponding to the two resonant peaks come to about 7.5 and 100 cm
−1. This behavior is seemed to be caused by the phonon assisted transitions between low lying energy levels of the Cr
2+ with
d4 configuration. The experimental results are explained satisfactorily using the Callaway’s formalism in due consideration of a relaxation term which has a resonant character.
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Yasutami Takada, Yasutada Uemura
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
139-150
Published: July 15, 1977
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Multi-subband structures of n-channel inversion layers on the surface of p-type III–V compounds are calculated by a variational method. Nonparabolicity is taken into account in the bulk dispersion relation of the
Γ-valley. When the surface electron density is low, electrons occupy only the subbands in the
Γ-valley, while when it exceeds certain critical value, most electrons occupy the ground subband in the second minimum valleys. From this behavior, the working condition of the Gunn effect in the system can be changed by applying the gate voltage in the MOS structure. The critical surface electron density depends on the charge density in the depletion layer and the surface orientation, but in case of GaAs, it is about 7×10
12 cm
−2 for typical operating conditions.
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Tadaki Ugumori, Kohzoh Masuda, Susumu Namba
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
151-156
Published: July 15, 1977
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High excitation absorption was investigated in GaSe at 2 K and 77 K, using a N
2 laser. Change in absorption coefficient was measured directly by a pulse-modulation technique. A structure was found at an excitonic transition around 2.1 eV. The structure shows peak shift and broadening of an exciton absorption line. Shift and broadening are due to an elastic collision between two excitons. Two kinds of induced absorption were also observed. One is possibly ascribed to exciton excitation associated with collision with the second exciton and the other to excitation of a trapped electron to a conduction band.
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Hitoshi Nishimura, Chiaki Ohhigashi, Yuuji Tanaka, Masao Tomura
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
157-163
Published: July 15, 1977
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Narrow luminescence lines and their excitation spectra in RbI, NaI, KI and CsI crystals are studied under the excitation in the first exciton absorption band at a temperature range 5∼100 K. The most remarkable results of the luminescence are as follows: (1) This luminescence line is located quite closely to the peak position of the first exciton absorption band. (2) The half-width is smaller than 5 meV. (3) The quantum efficiencies are estimated to be 0.01, 0.001, 0.0002 and 0.0006 for RbI, NaI, KI and CsI, respectively, under an assumption that, the quantum efficiency of the total luminescence including the broad intrinsic luminescence with large Stokes shift, is to be unity. (4) Temperatures above which the intensities of these lines decrease are 20, 25, 30 and 20 K for RbI, NaI, KI and CsI, respectively. On the basis of these results, a radiative annihilation process of a free exciton is discussed.
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Masatoshi Nakayama, Mikio Tsuji
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
164-172
Published: July 15, 1977
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Normal modes are investigated for the electromagnetic wave propagating along an asymmetric strip transmission line made of a perfect conductor wall and a PbTe-type magnetoplasma wall. Dispersion relations are given for three configurations of the static external magnetic field
B0: (i) parallel to the wave vector along the line, (ii) perpendicular to the wall surface and (iii) parallel to the surface and perpendicular to the wave vector. Numerical calculations are done for the case (ii) with
B0⁄⁄[001] and (iii) with
B0⁄⁄[1\bar10]. Results are shown in the ω
c−
qy plot for fixed ω as well as ω−
qy plot for fixed ω
c. The connection with recent experiments on the power transmission in the strip line made of
n-PbTe is discussed briefly.
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Izumi Hirabayashi, Takao Koda, Yoshinori Tokura, Jun Murata, Yoshio Ka ...
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
173-180
Published: July 15, 1977
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The surface-exciton-polaritons arc investigated by the attenuated-total-reflection (ATR) method on the evaporated films of CuCl and CuBr. Double dips observed in the ATR spectra of CuCl are attributed to the Z
3 and Z
1,2 excitons. In CuBr, the dip is detected only for the Z
1,2 exciton. The characteristic features of the ATR spectra are well accounted for by the local dielectric functions for the excitons. An effect of the finite exciton mass on the ATR spectra of CuBr is discussed.
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Yasuharu Makita, Yukio Yamauchi, Shigeru Suzuki
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
181-187
Published: July 15, 1977
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The phase transition in KH
3(SeO
3)
2 was studied by thermal measurements of specific heat and lattice parameters. The transition entropy estimated experimentally agrees satisfactrily with that calculated by a phenomenological theory in which a latent transition parameter was introduced. Other thermal results are also explained fairly well by the theory. The physical meaning of the transition parameter is discussed basing on the crystal structure.
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Kêitsiro Aizu
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
188-194
Published: July 15, 1977
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A phenomenological theory of the transition sequence in K
2SeO
4 is constructed on the assumption that the phase of space group
Pnam is prototypic. A widely applicable method is presented by which the thermodynamic potential function is determined. From this function, five possible phases
nonconformal with one another are deduced which include the
Pnam phase, the incommensurate phase and the commensurate
Pna2
1 phase. The criteria are found for the transitions between those three phases.
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Akikatsu Sawada, Yoshihiro Ishibashi, Yutaka Takagi
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
195-203
Published: July 15, 1977
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Ferroelastic behaviors have been found in Ca
2Sr(C
2H
5CO
2)
6. The tetragonal
c axis of the crystal is rotated by angle 90° under appropriate external stress in the paraelectric phase. This axis rotation is always accompanied with the conversion of the sense of optical power. It is shown that these facts can be explained as consequences of a cubic-tetragonal phase transition at the
X point if we assume the existence of a hypothetical cubic phase with the space group O
h7-Fd3m at some high temperatures.
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U. C. Naithani, R. P. Gairola, B. S. Semwal
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
204-212
Published: July 15, 1977
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The thermal conductivity of a doped displacive ferroelectric crystal in the presence of an external electric field is investigated theoretically by double time thermal Green’s function technique. The effect of the mass and force constant changes between impurity atoms and host lattice atoms along with the effect of higher order anharmonic and dipole moment terms is taken into account explicitely. It is found that the scattering processes due to mass change and the force constant change may mutually compensate each other’s effect. The total thermal conductivity which is the sum of two terms contributed by optical and acoustical phonons is seen to increase with the applied electric field, which is in agreement with the experimental results of Steigmeier. In the vicinity of the Curie temperature, the thermal conductivity shows an anomalous behaviour and the soft mode is held responsible for that.
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Hideo Okazaki
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
213-221
Published: July 15, 1977
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The self-diffusion coefficient
D of silver ions in α-Ag
2Te has been measured by the tracer technique using Ag
110m and the mobility μ of cations is estimated from the ionic conductivity σ. The ratio μ⁄
D is slightly deviated from the Einstein relation. This deviation is discussed in comparison with a theory appropriated to the average crystals proposed by Yokota.
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Kazuo Sakai, Osamu Aono
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
222-227
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It is shown that vectorial phenomena couple thermodynamically with the scalar phenomena. This result is contrary to the well spread belief in the field of irreversible thermodynamics. Transport coefficients concerning the diffusion and the thermal conduction across a strong magnetic field are calculated in the presence of the deuteron-triton fusion reaction on the basis of the gas kinetic theory. When the reaction takes place, the diffusion coefficient increases and the thermal conductivity decreases. Effects of the reaction exceed those of the Coulomb collision as the temperature is high enough.
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Yoshio Nishiyama
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
228-232
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The propagation of an electromagnetic pulse of the form of a fuzzy ball (or three dimensional gaussian type) in free space is strictly solved as an initial value problem. It is shown that an initial fuzzy ball separates into two stable pulses as time elapses when it has a large wave number relative to the inverse of the pulse width while in case of zero wave number it is not the case. A model of a circularly polarized photon of the form of a fuzzy ball is shown.
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Takanori Suzuki, Koichi Shimoda
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
233-242
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Hanle effect studies using circularly polarized laser beam and linearly polarized laser beam were carried out. Lifetimes, orientation and alignment destruction cross sections were measured for the 5
d33, 6
p22 and 6
p01 excited levels of xenon. The observed ratio of orientational cross section to alignment cross section for Xe–Xe scattering was 1.1±0.4 for the 5
d33 level, and 0.55±0.2 for the 6
p22 level. The ratio for Xe–He scattering was 0.8±0.2 for the 5
d33 level and 0.6±0.2 for the 6
p22 level. They are compared with those calculated by Wang and Tomlinson. The observed radiative lifetime was 520±30 ns for the 5
d33 level, 35±2 ns for the 6
p22 level and 37±4 ns for the 6
p01 level. The decay rate of the 5
d33 level observed in the coherence transfer with spontaneous emission is consistent with the width of the Hanle signal.
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Yoshinori Inoue
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
243-249
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A new type of wave-wave interaction is presented, which is excited between pairs of waves with equal group velocity. A simple model in nonlinear optics is considered as a concrete example of dispersive medium. By using the multiple scale method, the slow modulation of the complex envelopes is described by simultaneous nonlinear Schrödinger equations. It is then shown that a stable plane wave with constant amplitude tends to become modulationally unstable owing to the existence of another wave with the same group velocity. Some exact solutions are found for this system of equations.
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Kohtaro Ishida
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
250-257
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The intensity profiles of Kikuchi patterns are calculated for the Si(220) reflection at 75 keV. The patterns due to plasmon and phonon excitations are treated separately. The discussion is concerned only with the special case of the primary-beam direction satisfying exactly the Bragg condition for the reflection (220). The patterns due to plasmon excitation are strongly affected by the anomalous absorption, and they have many subsidiary maxima because of their coherent part. On the other hand, patterns due to phonon excitation are not affected by anomalous absorption, and they have no subsidiary maxima because of their vanishingly small coherent part. These results agree with the experimental results of Meyer-Ehmsen and Siems.
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Masanori Hidaka, Michihiro Ono
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
258-263
Published: July 15, 1977
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By X-ray diffraction the crystal structure of NaNiF
3 at room temperature has been determined. The structure is of a distorted perovskite type and the space group is
Pbnm (
Z=4). Refinement by a full-matrix least-squares method is made with superlattice-reflection intensity data collected on multiple-film Weissenberg photographs taken with filtered Cu
Kα radiation; the final
R value of 9.6% is obtained. The structure is described on the basis of tilting of NiF
6 octahedra and shifts of Na atoms from the arrangement in the ideal perovskite structure.
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Ryozo Akamatsu, Kiyoshi O-ohata
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
264-271
Published: July 15, 1977
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A model for the vibrational excitation of the OH(A
2Σ+) radical is developed with the aid of the Franck-Condon model and the half-collision model. The calculated vibrational distribution over levels 0, 1, 2, which is based on the Franck-Condon model, is 1, 0.27, 0.03; this is qualitatively in good agreement with the experiment by T. Carrington, 1, 0.3, <0.01. On the other hand, the force between the recoiling fragments negligibly alters the vibrational distribution. The vibrational motion of the OH radical, therefore, is excited simultaneously with an electronic excitation.
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Kei Nakachi, Masanori Sakuranaga, Hideo Suzuki
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
272-280
Published: July 15, 1977
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We consider a singlet excited state of polyene where the bond lengths take different values from those of the ground state for stabilization, and determine a relation between bond length
R and bond order
P for this “deformed” excited state.
First, we roughly estimate the bond lengths of the deformed excited state of hexatriene, in terms of a harmonic oscillator model. Secondly, we make a refined estimation on undecapentaene by the ASMO–SCF–CI method for π-electrons. Thirdly, a new type of relation between
R and
P is derived for the deformed excited state by modifying Coulson’s type of relation, and the values of its parameters are reasonably determined.
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Shinobu Nakazaki, Tasuke Hashino
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
281-286
Published: July 15, 1977
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The Coulomb-Born approximation has been used to calculate the cross sections of electron impact excitation in beryllium-like ions (C III, N IV, O V and Ne VII) for the 2s
2 1S→2s2p
1P transition. In order to be applicable to high-temperature plasmas the cross sections for respective ions have been obtained at impact electron energies from threshold to 4 keV.
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Ryuzo Koyama
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
287-294
Published: July 15, 1977
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The radial distribution function of random coil polymers in solution is calculated from the Born, Green and Yvon’s integral equation, assuming a gaussian formed intermolecular potential between the polymers.
The radial distribution function depends on the polymer concentration as well as the intermolecular distance, and its values near the origin are smaller or larger than unity, according as the polymer interaction is repulsive or attractive, or as the temperature is higher or lower than the theta point. But in case that the polymer interaction is repulsive the value of this function approaches to unity in entire range of molecular distance, when the concentration increases largely. When the polymer interaction is attractive, it increases only near the origin with the increase of concentration.
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Tatsuki Ogino, Mitsuhiro Makino, Susumu Takeda
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
295-300
Published: July 15, 1977
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Through application of the reductive perturbation method to the fluid equations for electrons and ions, a nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived. For the electron plasma wave, the assumption of the uniform background of ions is not used. Then exact properties of the equation are obtained for all wave numbers, including a modulationally unstable region predicted by Zakharov. For the ion-acoustic mode, the assumptions of the Boltzmann distribution for electrons and of cold ions are not used. Then a modulationally unstable region for the ion plasma wave exists for wavelengths shorter than the electron Debye length, and the growth rate of the instability is appreciably large even at low ion temperatures.
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Kazunari Ikuta, Kaoru Yamanaka
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
301-304
Published: July 15, 1977
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It is theoretically predicted that an MHD instability is induced by an energetic ion beam which is rotating azimuthally about the axis of a magnetized plasma column. The beam-plasma system becomes unstable if the density of the embedded ion beam exceeds a critical value.
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Reiji Sugaya, Masao Sugawa, Hisayuki Nomoto
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
305-309
Published: July 15, 1977
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The nonlinear Landau damping and growth of electrostatic waves in an electron beam-plasma system in a magnetic field have been observed. The space charge wave of the beam decays nonlinearly into the unstable Trivelpiece-Gould mode excited linearly by the cyclotron coupling with the beam. The resonant condition ω
0−ω
1−(
k⁄⁄0−
k⁄⁄1)
vb=
mω
c (
m is an integer) is satisfied, and this nonresonant decay is due to the nonlinear interaction of two waves with the beam. The decay wave can be amplified exponentially by increasing the amplitude of the pump wave. The nonlinear Landau damping coupling coefficient measured experimentally is compared with theory.
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Satoshi Kasai, Akimasa Funahashi, Tatsuo Sugie, Kazuo Mori
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
310-317
Published: July 15, 1977
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Temporal variations of intensities of spectral lines in a normal-incidence vacuum ultra-violet region emitted from oxygen and carbon impurities of tokamak plasmas have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Experimental results have been compared with theoretical ones calculated numerically by using a plasma model involving ionization, radiative and dielectronic recombinations, finite confinement times of impurity-ions, and influxes of neutral impurities from walls. The initial rise of electron temperature has been estimated in such a way that the peak-times for spectral lines in successive states of ionization coincide in both experimental and numerically-calculated results. The estimated electron temperatures are found to be consistent with those obtained from measurements of ruby-laser light scattering and soft X-ray spectra.
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Hirohumi Tougou
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
318-325
Published: July 15, 1977
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This paper deals with long waves on a film flow of a viscous fluid down the inner or outer surface of a vertical tube of circular cross-section. A dispersion relation is derived for infinitesimal sinusoidal waves on the basic steady flow. A nonlinear asymptotic equation is also derived for the surface elevation by making use of the method of derivative expansion. It is shown that this equation is reducible to that for the plane wall case by a simple transformation. Hence, any linearly unstable periodic wave, whose wave number is close to the upper branch of the neutral curve, develops into a progressing wave train of finite amplitude.
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Yaso’o Matunobu
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
326-329
Published: July 15, 1977
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Based on the linearized vorticity equation used in a previous paper I, unsteady Hiemenz flows are investigated when time rate of variation is not very large. It is found that for pulsatile Hiemenz flows the solution expanded in powers of the frequency is valid unless pulsation is so vigorous that stagnant or backward flow occurs far away from the wall. The wall shear stress undergoes abrupt change at the time when the transition from deceleration to acceleration takes place. Further, aperiodic Hiemenz flows including either acceleration or deceleration are discussed.
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Mamoru Mekata, Yuji Kano, Masaru Moriya
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
330-333
Published: July 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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An apparatus for the time-integral γ-γ perturbed angular correlation measurement was constructed using five NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors. The coincidence counts for the nine angles from 60° to 300° at intervals of 30° can be accumulated simultaneously at high counting rate. The errors arised from the offset of the sample position, the inequality of the detector efficiency etc. are cancelled in the first order by summing the counts at five geometrical arrangements of the detectors. This apparatus is useful especially for the studies in material science.
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Daijiro Yoshioka
1977 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages
335-336
Published: July 15, 1977
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The anomalous temperature dependence of the peak value of giant quantum attenuation of sound in Bi, observed experimentally when two peaks due to both electrons and holes take place simultaneously in a strong magnetic field (
H∼90 kOe), is explained in the present note as an effect of the fluctuation preceding the first order phase transition of the electron-hole system. Calculation is done for a pure system and more anomalous temperature dependence than observed experimentally is obtained. It will be reduced by the effects of impurities.
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