Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
Volume 44, Issue 2
Displaying 1-50 of 56 articles from this issue
  • K. Gul
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 353-355
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Mass excesses of some proton rich light nuclides with mass number less than 40 have been computed on the basis of isobaric mass multiplet equation using up-to-date data on isobaric analogue states. These have been compared with the updated Janecke-Garvey-Kelson and experimental mass values. The present mass values of proton rich light nuclides agree with experimental mass values in general within 150 keV.
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  • Daijiro Yoshioka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 356-362
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The critical temperature of a gas-liquid type first order phase transition which is expected to occur in bismuth at low temperature (T\simeq0.1 K) in a strong magnetic field (H\simeq100 kOe) is calculated. Coulomb interaction between the carriers is treated by a mean field theory and the impurity scattering is treated by a self-consistent Born approximation. It is shown that the impurity scattering lowers the critical temperature, An expression for the critical value of the impurity scattering, which makes the critical temperature vanish, is obtained.
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  • Daijiro Yoshioka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 363-370
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    An expression for the coefficient of giant quantum attenuation of sound is obtained, which includes the effects of both the fluctuation of the gas-liquid transition and the impurity scattering. The observed anomalous temperature dependence of the peak value of attenuation of sound is explained by the present theory as the effect of the fluctuation of the gas-liquid type transition, the critical temperature of which is calculated to be around 0.2 K. Other aspects of the experiment are also compared with the present theory. The behavior of the system below the critical temperature is discussed.
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  • Yuichi Okuda, Motohiro Matsuura, Taiichiro Haseda
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 371-377
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The critical relaxation of the uniform mode in Mn(COOCH3)2·4H2O near the phase transition point was studied by using the high frequency susceptibility technique (up to 450 MHz). A dip was found in χ′(ω) just at TN in the frequency range higher than 180 MHz. This is a clear evidence of the critical slowing down. The dispersion is found to be monodispersive except the immediate vicinity of the transition point, where it changes to slightly polydispersive. The relaxation time is expressed as τ∝εΔ, Δ=1.30±0.03 for 3×10−2\lesssimε\lesssim1 (ε=|1−TTN|). The exponent Δ is smaller than that of the static susceptibility, γ=1.53±0.03 for 6×10−2\lesssimε\lesssim1.
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  • Tsuyoshi Murao
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 378-386
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Here is presented a model for one-dimensional metallic systems which is based on the pseudopotential theory. Each metallic chain has a finite size cross-section and has the band energy as well as the electrostatic energy, while the interaction between chains is assumed to be only electrostatic. When vibrational states of the atomic (Einstein) type are restricted to the zero- and one-quantum states, the phonon Hamiltonian in the 1-D case is equal to the “Ising model with a transverse field” and existing exact solutions for this model can be used to discuss the structural phase transition. The temperature-dependence of the Peierls instability arises both from the vibrational and the electronic freedoms, and a numerical calculation is made for the latter.
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  • Ken-ichi Ohtomi, Huzio Nakano
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 387-393
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    By assuming that each of the ground and lowest excited levels of the proton (deuteron) on the hydrogen bond in KDP composes a doublet, the pseudospin hamiltonian for the proton (deuteron) system with tunneling motion, which is assumed to occur in the doublet of excited level, is presented to investigate the ferroelectric phase transition in KDP. On the basis of this hamiltonian, the first and second order transitions, which depend on the pressure, and therefore the existence of a tricritical point are explained on the basis of a mean field approximation, including the isotope effect in the transition. These are discussed in terms of the energy separation between the two doublets, the tunneling frequency at the excited doublet and the parameters of coupling between protons (deuterons) on different bonds.
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  • Makoto Kaburagi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 394-401
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The ground state of the Face-Centered Rectangular (FCR) lattice gas model which may correspond to the adsorbate system on the BCC(110) plane is investigated by the use of the method of geometrical inequalities. The structure of the ground state at an arbitrary value of the particle density is determined in the case of the repulsive 1st neighbor interaction. Various ordered structures are obtained as the ground states of the model. On the basis of the present results, several examples of the adsorbate system on the BCC(110) plane are discussed in connection with the interactions between the adsorbates.
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  • Jun Takeuchi, Yoshika Masuda
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 402-409
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The dependences of the superconducting transition temperature and specific heat jump on the Ce impurity concentration have been reported for the superconducting La(Ce)Sn3−xPbx and La1−yYy(Ce) systems. The magnetic-nonmagnetic transition of the Ce impurities in these alloy systems has been observed by varying the host composition. These results are compared with not only the Müller-Hartmann and Zittartz theory but also the recent Matsuura, Ichinose and Nagaoka theory. It is concluded that the alloys with TKTc0\gtrsim102 behave as if they were nonmagnetic in the superconducting state. The behavior of the initial depression of the specific heat jump in the transition region from magnetic to nonmagnetic is discussed.
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  • Katsuya Kikuchi, Tomonao Miyadai, Tsunaomi Fukui, Hiroki Itô, K& ...
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 410-415
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Magnetization curves of single crystals were measured from 4.2 K up to Tc (\simeq30 K). The magnetization is approximately expressed by M=M0wH in higher fields. χw which reflects the antiferromagnetic character, was found to be almost isotropic and temperature-independent (\simeq8×10−6 emu/g). M0 is anisotropic; 0.97 emu/g (0.02 μB/Ni) along [001] and 0.69 emu/g along [110] at 4.2 K. The magnetic field effect on the intensity of neutron diffraction was examined on single crystals. Any appreciable effect was not found within experimental errors on two antiferromagnetic reflections. An improved model (model 3) for the spin structure is proposed, which explains the observed intensities of neutron diffraction, Mössbauer study and the behavior of χw.
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  • Kiyosi Motida
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 416-417
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    It is pointed out that an exchange integral between dε and pσ orbits plays the main role in the ferromagnetic interactions obeying the Kanamori-Goodenough rules.
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  • Hidetaro Abe, Kei-ichi Koga, Yoshitami Ajiro, Masafumi Shimizu
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 418-419
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Resonance field at principal axes at 9.36 GHz shifts gradually to about one-fourth of that at room temperature whereas, around its Néel point (∼370 mK), the width reaches to its maximum, some two orders as broad as that at room temperature.
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  • Yoshitami Ajiro, Yukio Nakajima, Yoshihiro Furukawa, Hideko Kiriyama
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 420-424
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    High-temperature spin dynamics in one-dimensional, spin 1/2, Heisenberg systems CuCl2·2NC5H5 and Cu(C6H5COO)2·3H2O is studied by the measurements of proton spin-lattice relaxation rate, T1−1. The field dependence of T1−1 can be fitted by an expression T1−1=PH−1⁄2+Q, which gives direct evidence of spin diffusion in spin 1/2 linear chains. Additional evidence is presented which shows that a classic one-dimensional salt Cu(NH3)4SO4·H2O, in which one-dimensionality is now sceptical, also has one-dimensional spin correlations.
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  • Minoru Katayama, Kunisuke Asayama
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 425-432
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The internal field at Mn55 in βMn alloys with impurities of several kinds was systematically investigated in antiferromagnetically ordered state. In non-transition element alloys the internal field is almost determined by the increase of the lattice constant irrespective of the species of the impurity. In a low concentration region of the transition element alloys, the internal field is expressed as the sum of two parts due to the increase of the lattice constant and the increase of the excess number of d-electrons introduced by the impurity. In a region of the high impurity concentration of transition element alloys, both contributions are no more simply additive. Equi-internal field lines are constructed in the plane of d-electron number and lattice constant, and the boundary of the magnetic and non-magnetic state is determined in βMn binary and ternary alloy systems.
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  • Masayuki Kawakami
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 433-439
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The Mn55 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the saturation magnetization have been measured on bcc FeCo and FeNi alloys containing small amounts of manganese at 4.2 K. Both of the observed Mn55 resonance frequency and the deduced Mn magnetic moment show an anomalous jump at ea≈8.3, where e is the number of electrons in host and a the number of host atoms. From the correspondence of the NMR and magnetic measurement results, the manganese atom is interpreted to be in a low-moment state of 0.8 μB for ea\lesssim8.2, and in a high-moment state of 3.0 μB for ea\gtrsim8.4. The data for ea=8.3 can be explained reasonably on the assumption that about 70% of manganese is in the low-moment state and about 30% of manganese is in the high-moment state.
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  • Nozomu Inoue, Tadashi Sugawara
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 440-448
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    Magnetic susceptibility and NMR measurements on Pt with addition of 3d, 4d and 5d transition metal solutes were carried out at helium temperature to study the effect of nonmagnetic and magnetic solutes on the magnetic properties of Pt. The change of the host d band susceptibility and its valence number dependence were obtained and compared with the theory by Asano et al. for nonmagnetic solute alloy. From this comparison, it was concluded that the change of the host d band susceptibility arises from the change of the density of states at EF of Pt. As for magnetic alloys, it was found that the effect due to the polarization of conduction electrons by the localized magnetic moment of solute is predominant in the alloys with low TK (PtCo, PtFe), whereas in the alloy with high TK (PtCr), the same mechanism as that of nonmagnetic alloy becomes important.
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  • Takao Kato, Shigenori Hiramatsu, Hiromasa Hirakawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 449-452
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Conduction electron spin resonance in copper has been observed at 4.2 K, by the selective transmission method at a frequency of 9200 MHz. The obtained g value, 2.033±0.003, agrees with those in the previous reports. The line shape as well as the dc resistivity gives ωτ≈0.1. From the analysis of the relation between the linewidth and the sample thickness, we have found that the probability ε of a spin flip at the surface is ≈0.09 in our samples.
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  • Shuzo Takano, Masao Koga, Yasukuni Matsumoto
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 453-459
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Quantum oscillations of the velocity of 20 MHz sound wave were measured in a single crystal of antimony in magnetic fields up to 23 kOe at 1.15 K. It was found that the amplitude of oscillation due to the principal electrons is anomalously large and amounts to |ΔVsVs|∼6.7×10−3 at 22 kOe. The line shape is also different from the density of states-like behaviour. Quantitative analysis was made using the non-ellpsoidal energy surface (the Cohen model) for electrons. It was shown that the large amplitude and the symmetric line shape are related to the almost cylindrical but slightly concave nature of the energy surface.
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  • Jun Yamauchi, Koi Sato, Shuichi Iwabuchi, Yosuke Nagaoka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 460-468
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    A theory of the superlattice transitions of TTF–TCNQ is presented with strict regard for its quasi-one-dimensional characters. The model investigated is a two-dimensional array of two kinds of linear chains weakly coupled with one another. The fluctuation of phase of charge density waves on each chain is treated carefully, while the interchain couplings are approximated by mean fields. The properties of the transitions at 54 K and 49 K are well explained, and the expressions of the transition temperatures and the temperature dependence of order parameters are derived.
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  • Toshinobu Soma
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 469-470
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The mode Grüneisen constant of Ge is estimated to be −1.8±0.3 at the point X ([100] zone boundary) using our previous phenomenological theory. Then, relating to the pressure-induced phase transition, the effect of lattice softening is investigated and is found to be prominent for TA phonons near X.
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  • Mitsuo Yamaga, Yoshikazu Hayashi, Minoru Fukui, Hide Yoshioka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 471-474
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Irradiation of mixed crystals AgBr1−xClx (x=0.999, 0.99, 0.98) with blue light at 4.2 K produces the complexes (AgCl6)4− and (AgBrCl5)4−. The observed intensities of (AgCl6)4− and (AgBrCl5)4− ESR spectra for these crystals show that, even at 4.2 K, holes produced by irradiation move to near Ag sites having Br ions as ligands, forming (AgBrCl5)4−.
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  • Tsuneya Ando
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 475-481
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    The electronic structure of subbands and the inter-subband optical absorption spectrum are calculated in an n-channel accumulation layer on the Si (100) surface in strong magnetic fields applied parallel to the surface. The exchange and correlation effect is taken into account in an approximation scheme based on the density functional formulation. The peak energy of the absorption is shifted to the high energy side almost linearly with the magnetic field. The amount of the shift increases with the electron concentration mainly due to the depolarization field effect. The results agree with experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively.
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  • Yutaka Toyozawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 482-488
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    A new model is proposed for the excitonic mechanism of defect formation in alkali halides by ionizing radiation. The bottleneck governing the time of formation is the non-radiative transition from the second lowest state (2pz) to the lowest state (1s) of the electron bound by the self-trapped hole. The adiabatic instability of the lower state originating from the mixing and anticrossing of the two states of the electron in the double well potential generates a force squeezing out the central anion pair into [110] direction, which results in the replacement sequence ending as H center on the one hand, and in F center left behind in its ground state (because of node number conservation) on the other hand. The model is consistent with a variety of experimental facts so far reported.
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  • Atsuo Matsui, Kenichi Tomioka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 489-496
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Thermoreflectance spectra in the lowest singlet-singlet transition region of anthracene have been measured at liquid nitrogen temperature. The derivative optical constants are obtained by the Kramers-Kronig analysis of the spectra. The asymmetric broadening of the b-polarized 0–0 exciton absorption band with temperature is suggested. The frequency of the K=0 polariton for the 0–0 absorption band has been confirmed to be located at 25484 cm−1 and at 25497 cm−1 in the a- and the b-polarized spectra respectively. The K=0 polariton-exciton splittings for the a- and b-polarization are respectively 77 cm−1 and 378 cm−1, whose magnitudes are proportional to the oscillator strength of the respective 0–0 absorption band. The b-polarized thermoreflectance spectrum at liquid helium temperature has also been measured and discussed briefly.
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  • Hiroshi Nakayama, Taneo Nishino, Yoshihiro Hamakawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 497-504
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    A study of the exciton two-electron luminescence from phosphorus-doped silicon has been made, particularly on the P1 luminescence bands which were previously explained by free-exciton two-electron transition processes. The detailed temperature and impurity-concentration dependence data have revealed some new features showing that the P1 luminescence originates from recombination of bound excitons in excited states rather than that of free excitons in the vicinity of phosphorus donors. The analyses of the data have led to the new interpretation that the P1 luminescence bands are due to another type of two-electron recombination process in which bound excitons in excited states radiatively decay, leaving the donor electron in the 1S(T1) excited valley-orbit state.
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  • K. Sambasiva Rao, Mrs. A. Bhanumathi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 505-508
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The dielectric constant of compressed powder of (NH4)2BeF4 has been measured at 1 MHz as a function of temperature for different particle sizes ranging from 105 μm to 710 μm over a wide range of temperature to cover ferro- and para-electric phases. Dielectric anomaly at −97°C indicates the ferroelectric behaviour. It is found that the dielectric constant corrected for porosity decreases with decreasing particle size. The measured dielectric constant for the biggest particle size is lower than the theoretically predicted value for a polycrystalline sample. Such behaviour can be explained by postulating a defective surface layer of thickness 50 μm with dielectric constant 15.
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  • Riki Kawashima, Itaru Tatsuzaki
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 509-514
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    The anomalous ultrasonic attenuation and velocity of the longitudinal wave propagating along the b-axis perpendicular to the ferroelectric axis (c-axis) of RbHSO4 have been measured as functions of temperature and frequency near the transition temperature TC. By assuming the single relaxation process of the fluctuation induced by the ultrasonic wave at each temperature, the relaxation time τ has been analyzed. Above TC thus obtained relaxation time indicates a cross-over behavior in which the relaxation time has the exponent of n≈0.3 for TTC<0.2°C and the exponent of n≈2 for TTC>0.2°C. The former and the latter relaxation processes seem to be related to the energy and the polarization relaxation processes, respectively. The similar cross-over behavior has been obtained below TC.
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  • Ziro Narita
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 515-518
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    Nonlinear dielectric constant of NaNO2 in the paraelectric phase was measured. It was found that the anomaly of the imaginary part relative to the real one shows a similar temperature dependence to the longitudinal ultrasonic attenuation near the Néel point. A theoretical explanation for this anomaly is given.
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  • Eiji Nakamura, Hiroshi Kajikawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 519-524
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A thermodynamic potential is proposed to explain simultaneously the Curie-Weiss law of the form ε−ε=C⁄(TTc) where ε is the dielectric constant extrapolated to infinite frequency and temperature dependence of the spontaneous polarization of the usual Devonshire type. Experimental results of the dielectric constant, the spontaneous polarization and the bias effect on the temperature where ε has its maximum are consistently obtainable in RbHSO4 from the thermodynamic potential.
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  • Tomoyuki Hikita, Yoshiki Chubachi, Takuro Ikeda
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 525-528
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    By X-ray diffraction together with optical observation of domains, the space group of potassium-manganese langbeinite K2Mn2(SO4)3 was determined in the both high and low temperature phases. It is determined that K2Mn2(SO4)3 is of the space groups T4–P213 and D24–P212121 at room temperature and at −82°C, respectively. The lattice constant almost linearly decreases with decreasing temperature in the high temperature phase and splits into three orthorhombic axes at −72°C. The lattice constants a, b, c in the low temperature phase also linearly decrease with decreasing temperature.
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  • Kikuo Ohi, Jiro Osaka, Hiroshi Uno
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 529-536
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    The ferroelectric phase transition of mixed crystal systems of Rb2SO4–(NH4)2SO4 and CS2SO4–(NH4)2SO4 was studied by measuring the lattice constants, the dielectric constant, the spontaneous polarization and the proton spin-lattice relaxation time with functions of temperature and concentration of Rb+ ion and Cs+ ion. With the increase in the concentration of the ions in both mixed crystal systems, the following changes occur. (1) The ferroelectric phase transition temperature increases a few degrees until it reaches a certain concentration and decreases sharply. (2) The Curie-Weiss constant increases. (3) The phase transition changes from the first order to the second order at the certain concentration. (4) The maximum value of the spontaneous polarization increases about 10% until it reaches the certain concentration and decreases gradually.
    The results are discussed with a two-nonequivalent sublattice model.
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  • Masaru Kasahara
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 537-543
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    Quadrupole coupling constant and the direction of the principal axes of EFG tensor of deuterons in KD3(SeO3)2 are obtained from 40 to −106°C. It is confirmed that there exist two symmetrically inequivalent deuterons D(1) and D(2), and D(1) is ordered in the disordered phase. Deuterons D(2) are found to be dynamically disordered in the disordered phase. In the ordered phase, D(1) sites are divided into two inequivalent groups while the number of D(2) sites remains unchanged. The splitting of the resonance line of D(1) in the ordered phase depends on temperature as (TtrT)β, where Ttr is 24.9°C and β is about 0.52±0.08 in the temperature from 24.4 to 22°C and 0.46±0.01 from 22 to 3°C. The relation between the splitting and the order parameter is discussed.
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  • Toshizo Fujita, Suguru Kobayashi, Taiichiro Ohtsuka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 544-550
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    The thermoelectric power of Sn films has been measured between 3.7 and 8 K. The temperature dependence observed for the film samples deposited on the glass substrate is found to be expressed as Sf=afT+bfT2. The mean free path theory of the size effect is applied to interpret the thickness dependence of af and to determine the energy dependence of the mean free path U and the Fermi surface area V. The second term of Sf is discussed in terms of the strain-induced effects.
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  • Toshio Ikarashi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 551-557
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    Coupled modes of surface optical phonons in an ionic crystal and surface plasmons in a semiconductor are studied when the two media are separated by a narrow gap. The dispersion relations of the modes are investigated by making use of the local dielectric functions in which the effects of retardation and of finite separation are taken into account. Two coupled modes occur in the case of small separation. For large separation, several additional modes of electromagnetic waves propagating along the interface appear. The dispersion relations are computed and graphically shown for a CsBr–InAs system.
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  • Marek Kwietniak, Yasuo Oka, Takashi Kushida
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 558-564
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Secondary omission spectra have been studied in p-type ZnTe in the 4.2–170 K temperature range under the band-to-band excitation by an Ar+ ion laser. The 1LO, 2LO and 3LO Raman-like lines have been observed besides the free- and bound-exciton luminescence lines and their LO-phonon replicas. Temperature dependences of the line intensity, spectral position and width are compared among various radiation components. The observed temperature quenchings of the Raman-like lines are explained by the increase of the energy denominators in the Raman tensors due to the thermal shift of the exciton energy.
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  • Arisato Ejiri
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 565-574
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    Oblique incidence transmittances of alkali halide thin films (KCI and KBr) for polarized radiation were investigated in the fundamental absorption region of the extreme ultraviolet. The direct measurements of the transmittance ratio (TpTs) spectra were performed, and the plasma resonance absorption was evidently demonstrated as a prominent peak in the (1−TpTs) spectra of KCl and KBr at 14.1 and 13.0 eV, respectively. The peaks well correspond to the previously reported peaks in the electron energy loss spectra and also in the loss function spectra calculated from the optical constants. The plasmon peaks were able to be distinguished from other subsidiary structures due to the longitudinal excitons associated with the transverse excitons.
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  • Chiei Tatsuyama, Shoji Ichimura
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 575-581
    Published: February 15, 1978
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    The selection rules for the indirect optical transition in ε- and γ-GaSe are investigated group-theoretically by using the band structure of β-GaSe calculated by Schlüter. Without taking into account the spin-orbit interaction, the indirect transition is allowed only for the light with polarization vector E parallel to the crystal c-axis (E⁄⁄c) in ε-GaSe as in β-GaSe, but it is allowed both for E⁄⁄c and for Ec in γ-GaSe. The irreducible representations of the phonon mode associated with the transitions are M1+(Ag) in β, M1(Ag) in ε and M1(A′) in γ. The M1(A′) mode of γ-GaSe is compatible with M1(Ag) and M3(Bg) of ε-GaSe, and with M1+(Ag), M3+(B2g), M2(B3u) and M4(B1u) of β-GaSe. So, the number of phohons associated with the indirect optical transition in GaSe is affected by the mixture of these modifications.
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  • Masato Hayashi, Hiroshi Saito, Shigeo Shionoya
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 582-588
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Experimental data for the pico-second time dependence of the P line luminescence due to the inelastic exciton-exciton collision in CdSe, described in the authors’ previous paper, are analyzed, using simple rate equations which are based on the assumption that the dependence is dominated by the light amplification effect due to stimulated emission. It is shown that observed time dependence curves are well reproduced by choosing suitable values for the parameters. Changes in the time dependence with excitation density are attributed to changes in optical gain. It is supposed that the optical gain for the P line is proportional to the square of excitation density, presenting further confirmation for the assignment of the P line. Changes with changing observation direction are reasonably interpreted by considering the relation between the manner of the light amplification and the observation direction.
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  • Ryozo Akamatsu, Kiyosi O-ohta
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 589-597
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A model for the photodissociation of H2O is developed and is used to predict the rotational angular momentum distribution of OH*. The model is based on an assumption that the dissociation is a simple recoil process between a rigid rotator OH* and an H atom. The calculated distribution in the vibrational state of OH*(v′=0) is qualitatively in good agreement with an experimental result. This gives further support to the speculation that after the electronic excitation the H2O molecule decomposes into a recoiling H atom and an abnormally rotating OH* radical. In the case of v′=1, the vibrational state of the H–OH system is found to be stable, and could be a semibound state.
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  • S. Doraiswamy, S. D. Sharma
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 598-601
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The microwave spectrum of 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene has been studied at dry ice temperature in the frequency region of 8 to 12.4 GHz. The molecule exhibits a very dense spectra of both a- and b-type. The analysis of 59 selected transitions from a large number of measured lines yields the following spectroscopic constants of the molecule for Watson’s reduced Hamiltonian in the Ir representation: A=3084.0215±0.0062 MHz, B=1278.3595±0.0027 MHz, C=903.6835±0.0027 MHz, ΔJ=−0.0674±0.0054 kHz, ΔJK=0.728±0.052 kHz, ΔK=−0.657±0.016 kHz, δJ=0.0528±0.0032 kHz and δK=−0.574=0.059 kHz. The dipole moment of the molecule has been determined as 1.39±0.03 D. The INDO and CNDO molecular orbital calculations give the value of the dipole moment as 1.77 D and 1.63 D respectively. The benzene ring appears to have undergone a distortion, if the C(sp2)–F bond length is assumed to be 135 pm.
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  • Sigeo Yomosa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 602-610
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The basic equation to determine the equilibrium electronic structure ψ of the solute system (the solvated electron or the solute molecule or the solute molecular complex) in polar solvent is proposed in the form of variational equation δ(Ft(ψ)−κf)=0 which states that the free energy of the total system Ft(ψ) consisting of the solute system and the solvent is minimum for an arbitrary variation of ψ in accordance with the normalization condition f=⟨ψ|ψ⟩−1=0; here κ denotes a Lagrange undetermined multiplier. The nonlinear wave equations derived from the basic equation for the dimeric molecules or their radicals yield the broken symmetry solutions (self-trapping states). The simple description of the solvated electron is presented as another example of the application of the basic equation.
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  • Shinsuke Watanabe
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 611-617
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Effects of a higher order nonlinearity and of an ion temperature on a profile of ion accoustic soliton are discussed by obtaining a stationary solution of a Vlasov-Poisson system with Boltzmann distribution for electrons. It is shown that recent experimental results are not properly explained by the Korteweg-de Vries equation where only the lowest order nonlinearity and a small excess mach number are assumed. The contributions of a higher order nonlinearity and of a finite ion temperature modify the soliton wave-form in a quantitative agreement with experimental results.
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  • Yukiharu Ohsawa, Tetsuo Kamimura
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 618-626
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The nonlinear propagation of the wave packet of an ion acoustic wave with wavenumber k0kDe (the electron Debye wavenumber) is investigated by computer simulations. From the wave packet of the ion acoustic wave, waves with long wavelengths are observed to be produced within a few periods for the amplitude oscillation of the original wave packet. These waves are generated in the region where the original wave packet exists. Their characteristic wavelength is of the order of the length of the wave packet, and their propagation velocity is almost equal to the ion acoustic speed. The long-wavelength waves thus produced strongly affect the nonlinear evolution of the original wave packet.
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  • Yo Mizuta, Akiko Ohno
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 627-636
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Radiation spectrum from a three-level system perturbed by near-resonant oscillating electric field is investigated when the amplitude of oscillation is fluctuating stochastically. To calculate the wave function of the system, the rotating-wave approximation is used and P-level degeneracy is correctly considered. The stochastic fluctuation is assumed to be a Gaussian process, and profiles of allowed and near-satellite lines are calculated for several sets of parameters of the Gaussian process. Connection to collective modes and their interactions in a turbulent plasma is also discussed.
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  • Yukihiro Tomita, Yasuyuki Nomura, Hiromu Momota, Ryohei Itatani
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 637-642
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The destruction of magnetic surfaces in the vicinity of a separatrix of a stellarator and a torsatron is analyzed. Unperturbed magnetic surfaces formed by a straight helical current and a uniform magnetic field are assumed. Destruction of magnetic surfaces is attributed to perturbations of magnetic fields, which are assumed to be brought from toroidal effects of magnetic fields or discrete structure of magnetic coils, respectively. Analysis is based on “Stochasticity” and a spread of a stochastic layer in the vicinity of the separatrix is calculated.
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  • Hitoshi Hojo
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 643-651
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Perpendicular stability of the one-dimensional propagation of coupled Langmuir and ion-acoustic solitary waves against perturbations varying slowly in both space and time is investigated theoretically. The system is assumed to be isotropic and describable by the collisionless two-fluid equations with zero ion temperature. Both near-sonic and subsonic solitary waves are considered and the perturbations are assumed to be represented in terms of the amplitude and velocity perturbations of the solitary waves. It is found that except for the case of vanishing propagation speed, the amplitude perturbation grows initially but damps asymptotically for long times, whereas the velocity perturbation always damps with time. The time evolution of the perturbations is scaled by their wavenumber, and the maximum amplification factor increases with the solitary wave amplitude.
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  • Abdus Sattar Gazdar
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 652-658
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The study, under the assumption of linearisation, concerns two-dimensional, irrotational and steady motion. The obstacles are those given by the distribution of singularities such as sources, sinks and doublets. The interesting part of the investigation shows that a source and sink combination moving with velocity U and placed at a distance 2πU2ng apart, n being an integer, would not produce any wave motion. The distance is nothing but the wavelength of the sinusoidal waves travelling with speed U relative to still water. The physical consequence is that obstacles given by such distribution of sources and sinks would not experience any resistance due to the wave formation. Similar results were observed in the author’s earlier paper where studies concerned the motion in the case of a stream of finite depth.
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  • Katuro Sawada, Takeyasu Kotera
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 659-662
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Without using Lax’s formalism, Moser’s continued fraction (Proc. Battelle Rencontres, Lecture Note in Phys. 38) is derived. The method is based on the integrals of Hénon’s type and the operator calculus.
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  • Jeffrey Topper, Takuji Kawahara
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 663-666
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A systematic perturbation method is applied to three-dimensional long waves on a viscous liquid film, and the nonlinear evolution equation incorporating the effects of dissipation and dispersion is derived. It is shown that both the fourth-order derivative term as well as the three-dimensionality have stabilizing effects.
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  • Motoyoshi Ikeda
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 667-675
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    By means of the Fourier transform, an amplitude expansion and a wavenumber expansion, the Navier-Stokes equation is reduced to a weakly nonlinear equation for the slowly varying complex amplitude of an envelope of a quasi-monochromatic and weakly three-dimensional disturbance. The reduced equation for the amplitude discloses severe condition of justification of the nonlinear Schrödinger type equation. The weak three-dimensionality of disturbance as well as the weak nonperiodicity has significant effects on the instability of plane Poiseuille flow.
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  • Mitsuo Kono
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 676-682
    Published: February 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The Nonlinear wave modulation is analyzed in strongly dispersive systems in which a coherent wave and turbulent waves coexists. The reductive perturbation method is used to derive a basic set of equations. With a strongly excited random field, the frequency shift of the coherent wave due to the scattering by a random field is dominant compared with that due to the self-interaction. As a result, the random field gives a crucial modification to the stability of the coherent wave modulation.
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