Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
Volume 44, Issue 4
Displaying 1-50 of 59 articles from this issue
  • Shoji Torii
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1053-1061
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Features of very high energy interactions (over 1014 eV) are investigated by the use of the gamma-ray family data obtained with the Mt. Fuji emulsion chamber. Based on a Monte-Carlo calculation, the validity of (1) scaling law of the longitudinal energy distribution in the fragmentation region and (2) constancy of average transverse momentum has been tested. To explain the experimental data, breakdown of the Feynman scaling and/or appreciable increase of the transverse momentum are required if the primary particles do not consist of the heavy elements (Aeff∼50).
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  • Zyun-itiro Matumoto, Tsutomu Tamura, Kiyoshi Sakurai
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1062-1069
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The level scheme of 113Cd has been studied in the β-decay of 113Ag with γ-ray singles, γ-γ and β-e coincidence measurements. Thirty-four γ-rays were assigned in 15 excited states of 113Cd. Level order of the negative parity states based on the h11⁄2 state is revised. Systematic trend of the level energies and B(E2) ratios of the collective negative parity states in odd Cd isotopes, 113−119Cd, are discussed in the framework of an h11⁄2 particle coupled with a weakly deformed core.
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  • Zyun-itiro Matumoto, Tsutomu Tamura
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1070-1077
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The level scheme of 115Cd has been studied in the β-decay of 115gAg with γ-ray singles, γ-γ, β-γ and β-e coincidence measurements. The decay scheme which consists of 35 levels involving 104 γ-transitions was constructed. Collective band members based on the h11⁄2 orbital were experimentally located at 181.0 (11/2), 393.9 (7/2 ), 417.2 (9/2), 719.9 (5/2) and 1092.1 (3/2) in keV. Tentative assignments of spin-parities are also made for positive parity states.
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  • V. Kumar, A. P. Sharma, M. Kaur, J. M. Kohli, I. S. Mittra, P. M. Sood
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1078-1082
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    1061 interactions of 50 GeV/c pions in NIKFI-R emulsions have been studied and it has been observed that the average charged particle multiplicity ⟨ns⟩=8.39±.25 and average number of heavy prongs in nuclear emulsion ⟨Nh⟩=7.53±.22. Various other experimental results regarding dispersion, normalized mean multiplicity and multiplicity scaling etc. are also presented.
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  • Koichi Aso
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1083-1090
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    X-ray, magnetic and differential thermal analysis studies show that SrLaCrO4, ST3⁄4Ca1⁄4LaCrO4 and SrSmCrO4 isomorphous to tetragonal K2NiF4 are magnetically two-dimensional Heisenberg-like antiferromagnets with Néel temperature TN of 242 K, 270 K and 306 K, respectively. The exchange constant of SrLaCrO4 estimated from the paramagnetic susceptibility consists with that estimated from Stanley and Kaplan’s formula for TN of a 2-D Heisenberg antiferromagnet with an accuracy of several percents. The exchange striction is observed to be negative along a-axis and positive along c-axis for the substances studied. The strain components exx and ezz extrapolated to 0 K are −(6∼7)×10−4 and +(4∼7)×10−4, respectively. These values are about one tenth of the calculated ones. The Néel temperatures in the diluted system SrLaCrxGa1−xO4 are expressed as TN(x)=TN(1)[1−d(1−x)] with d=3.6 in the composition range 0.825≤x≤1.
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  • Yoshiaki Tanaka, Norikiyo Uryû
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1091-1096
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The Ising problem on a triangular lattice with anisotropic interactions has been solved by the method of duality transformation, and the equation determining the Curie temperature has been obtained. The phase diagram of the ground states is presented for arbitrary interaction constants. It is shown that four types of the ground states appear and no phase transition exists on the boundary lines.
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  • Takuma Ishikawa, Takehiko Oguchi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1097-1104
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Annealed random Ising magnets of binary alloys with arbitrary concentrations are studied using the Takagi approximation. In the present paper the general case that both components of atoms are magnetic is studied. The atom ordering energy as well as the exchange energy are taken into account. Complete phase diagrams are calculated numerically for some typical cases by means of the natural iteration method. The phase transitions of the quenched model where all exchange integrals are ferromagnetic are also discussed in the present approximation and compared with those of the annealed model.
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  • Fusayoshi J. Ohkawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1105-1111
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A general formula for the electrical resistivity of metals is obtained. This formula is applicable to any metals. When it is applied to crystalline metals, the usual phonon scattering resistivity is derived. When it is applied to amorphous or disordered metals, an increase in T2 is predicted at low temperatures in addition to the increase in T5. The coefficient of the T2-term is shown to be proportional to the residual resistivity. For highly resistive metals, it is shown that the usual phonon scattering is suppressed, and that the temperature dependence of the resistivity becomes small: A kind of random phase model for the resistivity is presented. It is also shown that the resistivity due to impurity scattering increases in T2 at low temperatures and increases in (−T)−1 at high temperatures. The theory can also explain the saturation behavior of the resistivity with increasing temperatures observed in A-15 compounds.
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  • Fusayoshi J. Ohkawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1112-1115
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The random phase model by Mott, Hindley and Friedman is applied to the calculation of the electrical conductivity of highly resistive metals. Their temperature dependence of the conductivity is discussed, and two new mechanisms are presented for the negative temperature coefficients of the resistivity.
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  • Kêitsiro Aizu
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1116-1123
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A reducible but unreduced—esp., evenest—rectilinear system of transition parameters is useful for a unified phenomenological theory of a complex family of substances. As an example, a 3-dim. system (whose members are written U1, U2, U3) is applied to the Rochelle salt family. The second degree part of the free energy function takes the form B1(U12+U22+U32)+B2(U2U3+U3U1+U1U2). If B2<0, the prototypic phase changes to a ferroic phase such that U1s=U2s=U3s, at the temperature where B1+B2=0. If B2>0, the prototypic phase changes to a ferroic phase such that Σ Uis=0, at the temperature where B1B2⁄2=0. The former ferroic phase belongs to space group 1P2111 (the initial superscript indicates cell multiplicity), while the latter to 2P112 or 2P1211. Other details are also deduced.
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  • Kenichi Kojima, Mitsuo Kasaya, Yoshitaka Koi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1124-1130
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The g shifts and linewidths of the Gd3+ and Eu2+ EPR in SmB6 have been measured in the temperature range between 1.6 and 20 K. The g shifts are independent of temperature and are −0.07 and −0.06 for Gd3+ and Eu2+, respectively, which are attributed to the exchange interaction between the impurity and the 4f electrons of host Sm ions. The effective exchange parameter is estimated to be 1.4 K for Gd3+ and 1.2 K for Eu2+. The linewidth of Gd3+ increases rapidly with increasing temperature above 4k, while that of Eu2+ increases rather slowly. The observed difference in the temperature dependences of the linewidths of Gd3+ and Eu2+ is discussed in terms of proposed models.
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  • Nobuhiko Nishida, Kanetada Nagamine, Ryugo S. Hayano, Toshimitsu Yamaz ...
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1131-1141
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The local magnetic fields at an interstitial μ+ in single crystals Co and Gd have been measured by the μSR method in the temperature range from 4.2 K to 693 K, and from 4.2 K to 250 K, respectively. An anomalous variation is observed in the temperature range where the change of the direction of easy magnetization occurs, whose gross feature is explained by the change of the magnetic dipolar field from the moments of surrounding atoms. It is concluded that the μ+ prefers to stay at an octahedral interstitial site and feels a nearly classical dipolar field. After the correction was made for dipolar field and Lorentz field, the contact hyperfine fields at T=0 are found to be −6.1 kOe for Co and −7.5 kOe for Gd, both decreasing with increasing temperature faster than the bulk magnetization. Comparison is made with μ+ hyperfine fields in other ferromagnets, Ni and Fe.
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  • R. S. Saraswat, G. C. Upreti
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1142-1147
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    EPR of VO2+ doped in CoK2(SO4)2·6H2O Tutton salt single crystals has been studied in the temperature range 300 K to 77 K at ∼9.3 GHz. In contrast to the observation on VO2+ doped in (NH4)2Zn(SO4)2·6H2O, where V–O axis was found to have three possible orientations with populations in the ratio 20 : 5 : 1, we have observed only two nearly equal populous orientations with very different linewidths. The observation of resolved VO2+ spectra and their broadening on lowering the temperature in CoK2(SO4)2·6H2O : VO2+ crystals have been discussed in terms of ‘host spin-lattice relaxation narrowing.’ Moreover, from the observed linewidths of the EPR spectra of VO2+ in CoK2(SO4)2·6H2O, T1 of Co2+ in CoK2(SO4)2·6H2O at 300 K has been estimated to be ∼10−12 sec.
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  • Yujiro Nagata, Keizo Ohta
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1148-1151
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The spin configuration was studied by means of magnetic torque measurements on single crystals of manganese substituted orthoferrites, YFe1−xMnxO3 where 0≤x≤0.55, at temperatures between 77 K and 450 K. Spin reorientations were observed in the samples containing more than x=0.1. It was concluded that the antiferromagnetic spin axis should be along the a-axis of the orthorhombic crystal axes and the weak ferromagnetic moment is along the c-axis above the reorientation temperature, and that the spin axis should be along the b-axis below the reorientation temperature.
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  • Chang-Dong Kim, Masaaki Matsui, Soshin Chikazumi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1152-1157
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Magnetostriction of fcc Fe–Ni alloys was measured by means of the paper strain gauge in the temperature range of 4.2 K to 296 K. The temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetostriction constant λ111 was positive, while λ100 was negative for all the alloys in the whole temperature range. The composition dependence of constants at room temperature was in good agreement with previous reports. The forced magnetostriction of alloys less than 40% Ni increases abruptly with a decrease of Ni composition in the temperature range between 4.2 K and 296 K.
    The thermal expansion coefficient of the single crystal was also measured. The anisotropic behavior was observed below about 50 K.
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  • Hiroshi Yoshie
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1158-1160
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The nuclear magnetic resonances of the Co59 in Y1−xGdxCo2 at 4.2, 77, 196 and 273 K have been observed for the gadlinium concentrations 0.1≤x≤1. The cobalt hyperfine field decreases monotonically from 61.4±1.0 kOe to 44.6±3.0 kOe by substituting the gadlinium sublattice of GdCo2 with yttrium. The difference 16.8±4.0 kOe between 61.4±1.0 kOe and 44.6±3.0 kOe, is interpreted as the contribution of 4f electrons to the cobalt hyperfine field in GdCo2.
    The variation of the hyperfine field due to cobalt magnetic moment induced by gadolinium 4f electrons agrees fairly well with the variation of the Curie temperature as a function of the gadolinium concentration.
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  • Akira Misu
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1161-1167
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Relaxation-rates in 4A2 state of a Cr3+ ion in ruby have been studied by optical observation on population changes caused by application of magnetic field of rectangular pulses at 4.2 K. The direct one phonon emitting process is dominant in the field range from 47 kOe to 128 kOe. No transition occurs between the levels (Remark: Graphics omitted.) and (Remark: Graphics omitted.), where MS is the component of spin angular momentum along the field. The two types of transitions, ΔMS=2 and ΔMS=1, are found to constitute the spin-lattice relaxation. The rates of these transitions are (7.66±0.15)×10−4 H2 ms−1, and (7.65±0.20)×10−5 H2 ms−1, respectively, where H is the magnetic field strength in kOe.
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  • Yoichi Takaoka, Naoshi Suzuki, Kazuko Motizuki
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1168-1176
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The excited-state Jahn-Teller effect on the magnon-sidebands corresponding to the transitions 6A14T1 (A band) and 6A14T2 (B band) of the Mn2+ ions in MnO has been studied. The calculated line shapes well reproduce the observed A band, which reveals a distinct fine structure, and the observed B band which is broad and has no fine structure.
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  • Kenji Shimizu, Junkichi Itoh
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1177-1183
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The electric field gradients (EFG’s) at nuclear sites in heavy rare earth metals have been systematically analyzed from the NMR results of Gd, Tb, Dy, Er and Lu in the magnetically ordered heavy rare earth alloys. The difference of the observed EFG from that produced by the unfilled 4f shell arises from the lattice charges and conduction electron charges. From the analysis of the NMR results on various alloys, it was found EFG produced by the conduction electrons has the same sign as that produced by the lattice charges. Such an analysis for the NMR results of Lu suggests that the EFG produced by the conduction electrons consists of two parts; one is independent of the value of ca and the other is proportional to the EFG produced by the lattice charges.
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  • Kazuhiko Tsuji, Makoto Yao, Hirohisa Endo, Masaaki Inutake, Setsuya Fu ...
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1184-1188
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Simultaneous measurements of the electrical conductivity σ and the thermoelectric power S have been made for liquid dilute Au, Tl and Bi amalgams in the temperature range 20–1600°C and the pressure range 1–1700 bar. Even a small amount of impurity elements added to the host causes great changes in σ and S at high temperatures. In particular, the addition of Bi reduces the value of |S| remarkably.
    Electronic transport properties in expanded dilute amalgams are discussed.
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  • Saburo Takamura, Shigeo Okuda
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1189-1195
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The effect of deformation before and after fast neutron irradiation at about 5 K on the recovery spectra of Ag, Ni and Pt is studied by means of measurements of the residual resistivity. An amount of the stage I recovery is reduced by about 5∼8% by deformation of pre-irradiated specimen when an amount of the deformation is only 2∼3% in the surface shear strain in twisting. The amount of the reduction in stage I is comparable to the amount of an enhancement of the recovery above the stage II. In Pt, overlapping on this effect, about 20% of the stage I defects shift to a little higher temperature in their annealing. This latter effect is also observed on Pt when the deformation is made before irradiation.
    The present results, together with the previous results on Cu, Al and Au, are discussed in relation with the existing models for the recovery of radiation induced point defects.
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  • Nobuhito Ishigure, Chizuo Mori, Tamaki Watanabe
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1196-1203
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The mean free paths for plasmon excitation were measured through the observation of the energy loss spectrum of the electrons which passed through a thin aluminum film. In order to obtain accurate values the following problems of a thin film were discussed in detail; the thickness determination, the evaluation of the microscopic thickness variation in a film and the estimation of the effect of the surface contamination and the oxidation. The influence of the angular dispersion of the electrons due to plasmon excitation was found to be very serious. The agreement of the observed value with the Quinn’s theory was considerably good in the energy region from 5 to 10.9 keV and in the lower region the observed paths were found to be longer.
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  • Takehiko Hidaka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1204-1207
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    The relation between Pauling’s ionicity and Phillips’ ionicity is discussed by means of empirical LCAO band theory. Pauling’s ionicity is well correlated to the total electron localizability including deep s-like valence state. Phillips’ fi is correlated to the band-gap electron localizability. The reason why we have to use Pauling’s ionicity to the calculation of χijk(2) is also discussed.
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  • Hiroyuki Kaga, Shoji Kashida, Sotomitsu Umehara
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1208-1215
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    The lattice (elastic and relaxation) properties of the amorphous chalcogenides, mainly on pure and Ag-doped As2S3, have been studied by measuring ultrasonic velocities and attenuations. The observed drastic increase (5∼10%) of the velocity with a small amount (1 at.%) of doped Ag in As2S3 has been attributed to its anomalous behaviors of the density, the anharmonicity and the bulk modulus due to the doping. The experimental temperature dependences of shear wave attenuation αs(T) and of high-frequency electrical conductivity σ(T) in As2S3 are both well represented by exp(−Ehkt) with approximately the same activation energy Eh∼0.1 eV. The mechanism of the phonon-assisted hopping of As–S dipoles (activated by thermal phonons) has been shown to explain the identical temperature dependence for αs(T) and σ(T). Thus, these are the two manifestations, the mechanical relaxation (α) and the dielectric relaxation (σ), of the same origin, i.e., due to the hopping of ions, perhaps mainly S ions.
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  • Akiko Natori, Hiroshi Kamimura
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1216-1221
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The electronic structure of a D centre in strong magnetic fields is investigated in the variational approximation. The magnetic freeze-out effect is shown to be enhanced for the spin singlet D state compared to the neutral donor ground state. The spin triplet D state is also shown to be bound under magnetic fields. The applicability to a tunable far-infrared detector is also discussed.
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  • Mitsugu Yamanaka, Kiyofumi Muro, Shin-ichiro Narita
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1222-1230
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    Free and bound exciton states of [111]-stressed germanium in a magnetic field have been investigated by means of far-infrared absorptions. The measurements are performed at quasi-continuous photon-energies by the use of discharge-type and optically pumped lasers. In the high stress region, the analysis of the observed free exciton Zeeman lines is carried out by the variational calculations in a simple band model. On the other hand, the bound exciton Zeeman lines are discussed qualitatively by donor- and acceptor-models of the excited states and in comparison with the free exciton spectra.
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  • Masayoshi Maruyama, Takao Nanba, Mikihiko Ikezawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1231-1236
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Optical absorption spectra of CuCl and CuBr crystals have been measured in the far-infrared region and at low temperatures between 2 and 80 K. Side-bands due to two-phonon summation and difference processes have been observed. Structures in the absorption spectrum are interpreted as van Hove singularities in the two-phonon density of states and some of them are assigned to combinations of zone boundary phonons.
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  • Yasuhiko Fujii, Takashi Sakuma, Jun’ichiro Nakahara, Sadao Hoshi ...
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1237-1240
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    The phonon dispersion relations of TlCl along the [110] direction have been studied by inelastic neutron scattering at 80 K, partly at 293 K. The energies of four zone-boundary phonons at the (Remark: Graphics omitted.) point associated with the indirect band-gap transition between the (Remark: Graphics omitted.) and (Remark: Graphics omitted.) points were determined.
    The softening of the TA2 branch (e//[001]) was found around the zone-boundary. The zone-boundary phonon softens from 1.75 meV (293 K) to 1.28 meV (4.5 K). The mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed in connection with the CsCl–TlI or CsCl–NaCl type transitions which can be accomplished by a shear of the (110) planes corresponding to the TA2 mode in the CsCl structure.
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  • Akira Yoshihara, Tadao Fujimura, Kan-Ichi Kamiyoshi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1241-1247
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    Six different sound velocities of ammonium sulfate in GHz region have been measured from room temperature to −70°C by Brillouin scattering method utilizing a differential type of Fabry-Perot interferometer. Sound velocities, v1, v4 and v5 show a softening in the disordered phase near the transition temperature, Tc=−49.5°C. All the sound velocities show an abrupt fall at Tc. The change amounts to 70% of the velocity at room temperature in the case of v1. A new anomaly is observed at Tc−8°C on v1, and no remarkable effect of depolarization field on v3 is observed in the ordered phase. It is attempted to interpret the phase transition of ammonium sulfate by the model of an improper ferrielectric type with a non-polar or weak-polar soft mode.
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  • Kêitsiro Aizu
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1248-1256
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The new thought that has been developed for explaining the incommensurate transitions in K2SeO4 and NaNO2 is applied to ammonium Rochelle salt, although there are several points of difference between ammonium Rochelle salt and the former two. As the directions of incommensurate modulation, all the x, y and z axes are taken into account. The thermodynamic potential function is logically determined. Possible ferroics are deduced, which include the real commensurate one. Some of them are found to be incommensurate and yet ferroelectric. The conditions determining which of the possible ferroics the prototypic phase should change to by a first order transition are found out.
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  • Hirokazu Tanaka, Toshirou Yagi, Itaru Tatsuzaki
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1257-1260
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    A central peak and a soft acoustic shear mode associated with C44 in potassium trideuterium selenite KD3(SeO3)2 has been studied by light scattering. The central peak of a highly deutrated specimen is less divergent near its Ttr(=28.85±0.05°C) than that of the other specimen with Ttr=23.8°C. Possible origin of the central peak in KD3(SeO3)2 is proposed.
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  • Haruyasu Yamashita, Isamu Todo, Itaru Tatsuzaki
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1261-1265
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    The temperature dependence of the ultrasound velocities of TGSe single crystals at several hydrostatic pressures has been measured near the ferroelectric phase transition. Below Tc it is found that the anomalies of the sound velocities along the a* and c axes exhibit remarkable pressure dependences. The jump of the sound velocity for the c axis near Tc exhibits a maximum at the pressure near 1 kbar, while the jump for the a* axis increases monotonically with pressure and saturates at the pressure near the tricritical point. These pressure effects are found to be explained in terms of the parameters in molecular field theory.
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  • Ken Takahashi, Mieko Takagi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1266-1274
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    Antiparallel domain boundaries in ferroelectric TGS single crystals have been studied by X-ray topography. Systematic observations of the domain boundary contrast on section topographs proved that the contrast depends on the phase of the structure factor of the reflection, but is independent of the absolute value of it. The angular divergence of the diffracted beam from a domain boundary corresponds to that from a perfect region of the crystal. These results exclude the assumption that the cause of the contrast is the strain field around the Bloch type domain walls. An interpretation is given on the analogy of the contrast of a stacking fault in dynamical diffraction theory. The domain boundary contrast is attributed to the phase difference between the structure factors in the two domains at each side of the boundary.
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  • Ayao Okiji, Hideaki Kasai, Sumio Terakawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1275-1281
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    Electronic states near the interface of metal-insulator are investigated laying stress on many-body effects with the aid of the Hubbard model. It can be shown that insulator-metal transition may occur at insulator surface under the condition when the energy gap of the insulator caused by many-body effects is small and transfer matrix elements between the two substances are suitably chosen.
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  • Shin Takeuchi, Kyoko Fujii, Koji Maeda
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1282-1289
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    To elucidate the relation between individual dislocation motion and macroscopic flow of crystals, the deformation process has been modelled for the case where the deformation is governed by the mobility of screw dislocations which can cross slip freely. The deformation process has been treated by taking account of the interrelating operation of Frank-Read sources randomly distributed in the crystal. The strain-rate of the steady state, which is brought about by the balance between the multiplication rate and the annihilation rate of dislocations, has been derived in an explicit form without any adjustable parameters; it is an increasing function of the source density, and for the same source density it is proportional to τam+1∼m+2, where τa is the applied stress and m the stress exponent in the dislocation mobility equation.
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  • Masakazu Ishiguro, Kumiko Asami
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1290-1293
    Published: April 15, 1978
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    The stress effect in the A, B and C absorption bands for light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the applied stress axis is measured separately at liquid helium temperature, and the change of the first moment due to A1g-mode distortion is obtained, in addition to that due to Eg- and T2g-mode distortion. The moment change due to A1g-mode is confirmed by comparing with the results obtained from the hydrostatic pressure experiment. In the moment change due to A1g-mode, an anomalous feature is found; the magnitude of the moment change of the B and C bands is anomalously smaller than that of the A band. This feature is a characteristic of thallous phosphors which have a large spin-orbit coupling, and its origin is attributed to the pressure dependence of spin-orbit coupling.
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  • Masahiro Ojima, Takashi Kushida, Yuichi Tanaka, Shigeo Shionoya
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1294-1304
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Time-resolved luminescence spectra in the picosecond region of excitonic molecules in CuCl are studied at 4.2 K under band-to-band and exciton resonance excitations with time resolutions of ∼10 ps and ∼60 ps, respectively. The formation time and the lifetime of excitonic molecules are determined to be \lesssim10 ps and 300 ps, respectively, the latter of which agrees with the radiative lifetime calculated by using existing theories. The relaxation processes of the excitonic molecule system are discussed on the basis of the time variation of the luminescence line shape, and some analyses are made by considering both molecule-molecule collisions and molcule-acoustic phonon interactions. Transient behavior of the stimulated emission due to the excitonic molecule luminescence are also investigated.
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  • Yasuo Nozue, Tadashi Itoh, Masayasu Ueta
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1305-1313
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Two-photon-resonant Raman scattering under the giant two-photon excitation of excitonic molecule has been observed from various scattering directions, and two types of Raman scattering, MT and MM, are found. The transverse and mixed modes of the A(Γ5) exciton state are left behind in the MT and MM Raman processes, respectively. These Raman scatterings reflect the characteristic dispersions of their respective exciton states, and conform to the geometrical selection rules derived on the assumption that the excitonic molecule state has the Γ1-symmetry. A non-linear absorption peak due to the giant two-photon absorption is found at 2.5506 eV (λ=486.10 nm) with the use of intense probe light. The binding energy of excitonic molecule is found to be 4.4 meV for two A(Γ6) triplet excitons.
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  • Katsuzo Wakabayashi, Akito Kakizaki, Yasuo Siota, Keiichi Namba, Kimio ...
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1314-1322
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Small-angle scattering of soft X-rays by polystyrene latex spheres was studied using the synchrotron radiation from the electron synchrotron operated at about 1 GeV at the Institute for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo.
    The exposure time required to make three smallest-angle diffraction peaks visible on a photographic plate was 2 min with the soft X-rays (46.8 Å) of the synchrotron radiation, compared to 400 min with the CKα radiation (44.8 Å) from the X-ray tube operated at 3 kV × 50 mA. The diffraction patterns were so distinct that inter-particle interference functions could be derived with four diffraction peaks. Experimental results as a whole suggest that soft X-rays in the synchrotron radiation will be very useful in studying two-dimensional structures of thin organic materials with the thickness of microns or submicrons.
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  • Yasuo Tomishima, Jiro Ozaki
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1323-1328
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The Grimm-Storer’s Monte-Carlo method based on the Feynman path integral and the Anderson’s one based on the diffusion equation are reformulated to clarify their similarities from computational standpoint irrespective of the quite different consideration process. The comparison of these two methods indicates the limitation of the accuracy and the applicability of Monte-Carlo method. Numerical results on H atom and H3+ ion are presented as illustrative examples.
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  • Hiroyoshi Nagae
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1329-1336
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A model Hamiltonian of CNDO theory is employed to investigate the potential energy surface for the ground or the excited state of linear polyene, as a function of the angle of twist about a bond axis. Using a perturbation theory up to the second order, a formula for the twisting force constant is derived under some assumption. The numerical calculation of this constant is then carried out for polyenes from ethylene to dodecahexaene, by use of this formula with CNDO/S parametrization. It is thus shown that the second order perturbation energy makes an essential contribution to the twisting force constant as well as the first order one. It is also shown that our method is reasonable to investigate cis-trans photoisomerizations.
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  • Yasunori Yamazaki, Ryuichi Shimizu, Kazuyuki Ueda, Hatsujiro Hashimoto
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1337-1343
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The electron impact excitation of the 61P state of mercury is treated by the distorted wave Born approximation. The cross section and spin polarization are calculated at the impact energies between 50 and 500 eV. For each impact energy the calculations are performed for the two types of form factors FC and FM, FC being estimated using the Coulomb approximated atomic wave functions and FM estimated using the bound state eigenfunction of the Hartree-field. The comparison with experiments shows that in the profiles of the cross section and spin polarization, FM is superior to FC, but in the absolute values of the cross section FC is superior to FM. At the incident energy higher than 300 eV and the scattering angle less than 90°, the profiles of the spin polarization of the inelastically scattered electrons show the drastic departure from that of the elastically scattered ones.
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  • Masaji Fukuda, Kiyokata Matsuura
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1344-1349
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The relation between the current generated by RF travelling field and the absorbed power is studied in a collisional toroidal plasma, parameters being phase velocity and filling gas pressure or electron collision frequency. It is observed at a low magnetic field that the current is proportional to the plasma conductivity and an effective electromotive force, which is a new concept introduced on the basis of fluid model; the electromotive force is proportional to the absorbed RF power and inversely proportional to the plasma density and the phase velocity of the travelling field.
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  • Masahiro Wakatani
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1350-1353
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The electron heat transport is enhanced above the Pfirsch-Schlüter factor by small-scale resonant helical perturbations in the collisional transport. In the plateau and MHD regime of the neo-classical theory, thermal conductivity across the magnetic surface shown by κ⁄⁄(brB0)2 is dominant. It changes into the Bohm type transport with a small coefficient in the transition regime from the plateau to the banana. Here κ⁄⁄ is parallel electron thermal conductivity, br and B0 denote a radial component of the helical perturbations and a toroidal magnetic field, respectively.
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  • Takashi Maekawa, Shigetoshi Tanaka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1354-1362
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The ion cyclotron drift instability can be excited by a cross-field current due to Er×B drift of electrons when a strong radial electric field Er is produced in an inhomogeneous plasma column under a weak magnetic field B by applying a dc voltage between a cathode and a heating anode of hollow cylindrical type. Experimental results of the instability are well explained by the dispersion equation, where a negative energy wave of a drifting electron beam interacts with the ion Bernstein wave in the background plasma. As the instability is developed, considerable heating of ions and electrons is observed in the perpendicular and parallel direction to B, respectively.
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  • Hiroshi Takeuchi, Teruaki Shoji, Akimasa Funahashi, Koki Takahashi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1363-1370
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Proton behavior in the JFT-2 hydrogen plasma under an 18 kG and 160 kA discharge was investigated from analyses on charge-exchanged atoms measured with a multi-channel neutral particle energy analyser. The radial profiles of the transferred power from electrons to protons, charge exchange energy loss, and stored energy in protons were determined from the experimental results. From these profiles, the radial distribution of energy conduction coefficient on protons was estimated experimentally. The estimated coefficient of (5–8)×103 cm2sec−1 was found to have the same magnitude and radial dependence predicted from the neoclassical theory by Hinton et al.
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  • Shinsuke Watanabe, Masako Ohishi, Hiroshi Tanaka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1371-1379
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Dissipative effects on the recurrence of an initial waveform are examined by analysing numerically the K-dV equation with a dissipation term. Two different wave dissipations are considered; frequency dependent and independent wave dampings. The recurrence in a dissipative system is imperfect as well as in a non-dissipative system. The spectrum at the recurrence point sensitively changes depending on the dissipation coefficient and the amplitude of the second harmonic increases with the dissipation, if the wave damping is not large. The recurrence length increases with the dissipation, but the mechanism of the increase depends on the structure of the dissipation term.
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  • A. Sedov, G. A. Nariboli
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1380-1383
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Combining the ideas of singular surface theory, ray theory and the method of asymptotic expansions, an approach is proposed to study nonlinear waves of small but finite amplitude in dissipative and dispersive media. The present study uses these ideas to obtain Burgers’s equation in viscous and thermally and electrically conducting magnetogasdynamics. While attention in the present is limited to plane-waves and circular cylindrical waves in the case of perpendicular field, with some modifications, results can be generalized to arbitrary field in the planar case and to more than one dimension in the latter case. Self-similar solutions presented here bring out the structure of these waves.
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  • Shinobu Nakazaki
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1384
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Mitsugu Matsushita
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 1385-1386
    Published: April 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The sound propagation anomalies due to the critical fluctuations of the order parameter above the lambda point in ammonium halides are studied theoretically, regarding them as the pseudospin-phonon coupled system. The dependence on the propagation direction and polarization is investigated by dividing the phase transition mechanism into two cases; the direct coupling case and the indirect one. It is shown that, in addition to the ordinary longitudinal sound anomaly of all directions in both cases, the latter can show the c′ shear wave anomaly.
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