Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
Volume 44, Issue 5
Displaying 1-50 of 60 articles from this issue
  • Seiji Tanaka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1405-1412
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    (d, t) and (d, α) reactions on 9Be were observed simultaneously. Angular distributions of tritons and alpha particles were measured at Ed=12.35 MeV and at 14.06 MeV. Excitation functions were obtained from 12.17 MeV to 14.43 MeV at 85° for tritons and at 35° for alpha particles.
    DWBA fit to the (d, t0) angular distribution gave good results and the spectroscopic factor 0.29 was obtained at both deuteron energies. (d, α) reaction is considered to occur mainly passing through the compound nucleus formation. In both reactions, the cluster structure of 9Be seems to play an important role.
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  • Kiyoji Fukunaga, Takao Ohsawa, Noboru Fujiwara, Seiji Tanaka, Akira Ok ...
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1413-1420
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Energy spectra of alpha particles from the 6Li(d, α)4He* reaction at 13.6 MeV were observed at extremely forward angles. Angular correlations between alpha particles and deuterons were obtained for the 6Li(d, αd)D reaction when the alpha particles were detected at 20° using coincidence method. Energy spectrum of alpha particles shows a broad peak corresponding to the excited state of 25.52 MeV in 4He with the width of 2.26 MeV. The spin-parity of this state is assigned to be 0+ from the facts that the angular distributions of the emitted alpha particles are reproduced with DWBA theory assuming the angular momentum transfer of 2 and that the angular correlation function shows an isotropic distribution.
    In the coincidence energy spectrum of alpha particles a peak corresponding to the excited state of 27.5 MeV in 4He was observed. The angular correlation for the excited state of 27.5 MeV is consistent with the assignment of odd parity.
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  • Toshimitsu Yamazaki, Hisayoshi Nakayama, Toshio Numao, Toshi-Aki Shiba ...
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1421-1425
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The essential difference as well as the apparent identity between the triaxial-rotor model and the gamma-vibrational model have been discussed. From the gamma decay mode, the [19⁄2]1 states of the j=11⁄2 family in 187Ir and 189Ir have been identified as the K=j+4 states, the presence of which contradicts the particle plus triaxial-rotor model.
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  • Hidetoshi Konno
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1426-1434
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Two types of quantal Langevin equations are derived on the basis of the generalized Brownian motion theory, which is proposed by Mori, in canonical correlation formalism with the aid of the quantum noise source approach. But, in order to treat strongly anharmonic crystals, simple projections which project onto a linear set of variables are unsatisfactory. Thus, we derive kinetic equations for an anharmonic lattice vibrations by using a proper projection operator. From the kinetic equation and the neutron scattering cross section calculated, an origin of the central mode, which have been observed near the Curie point of displacive-type ferroelectrics, and the roles of anharmonicities are deduced in connection with the renormalized Hamiltonian which is transformed by the displacement operator.
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  • Fumiaki Shibata, Natsuki Hashitsume
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1435-1448
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    In this article is proposed a method of constructing the quantal Boltzmann-Langevin equation, i.e. the stochastic kinetic equation for a suitably chosen statistical operator with a fluctuating force term. This method is based on the use of the generalized phase-space method, which makes calculations very simple. As an example, the method of spin coherent states is applied to a model of a localized single spin placed under actions of its magnetic environment, and the Bloch-Langevin equation, i.e. the well-known Bloch equation for a spin magnetic moment with a fluctuating force term, is derived. The drift and the relaxation terms contained in the Boltzmann-Langevin and the Bloch-Langevin equations are completely in agreement with those previously obtained. An expression of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem generalized so as to include non-linear dissipation terms is given.
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  • Takehiko Oguchi, Yohtaro Ueno
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1449-1454
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Curie point Tc for the quenched bond model which has two kinds of ferromagnetic bonds with equal concentrations can be obtained rigorously by use of dual lattice. The approximate Tc for any concentration are calculated for square, honeycomb and triangular lattice by use of series expansions of the partition function in the original and dual lattices. It is concluded that the difference of Tc for quenched system and annealed system is very small.
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  • Akio Kotani
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1455-1464
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A previous theory of the spin-density-wave (SDW) with second harmonic charge-density-wave and strain-wave in chromium is extended by considering the spin polarization of the reservoir and the imperfect nesting. The paramagnetic to SDW phase transition is studied. Although the reservoir away from the Fermi level εF (r″-part) bears the spin polarization much larger than the reservoir near εF (r′-part), the r″-part does not contribute to the second harmonics. The effect of the r′-part on the second harmonics is discussed qualitatively. The r″-part is shown to give rise to another new effect favorable for the first order transition and responsible for temperature-variation of the SDW wave number. The imperfect nesting is considered with a band model extended from our previous model in a similar way to Liu’s calculation, but is found to play no essential role in the first order transition.
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  • Kazuo Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Shiba
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1465-1473
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The incommensurate (I) state of the triple charge-density-wave (CDW) in 2H–TaSe2 is studied on the basis of McMillan’s phenomenological free energy. A sufficiently large number of harmonics is taken into account to describe the I state precisely. Model calculations based on this theory predict the first-order incommensurate-commensurate transition as observed experimentally in 2H–TaSe2. The temperature dependence of the order parameters and wave vector in the I state are also calculated. A detailed study is also made on the domain-like structure of the I state whose wave vector is close to that of the commensurate CDW. The pattern of the domain-like structure found for 2H-polytype is different from that for 1T-polytype because of the difference of the commensurability condition between these two polytypes.
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  • Kêitsiro Aizu
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1474-1482
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    For a substance like K2SeO4 as an example, a theory is constructed which first determines the terms coupling the modulated forms of certain selected hard modes with the modulated soft modes in the thermodynamic potential function and then deduces that an incommensurate condensation of the soft modes induces the selected hard modes to condense incommensurately with wavenumbers of modulation equal to + or −(ν+6m) times that of the soft modes, where m takes on 0, 1, 2, ··· and ν is a fixed positive integer depending on hard mode. The amplitudes of modulation are also determined which depend on m as well as hard mode.
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  • Yoshiaki Arata, Shoji Miyake, Masao Ushio, Yasuo Yoshioka
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1483-1490
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A plasma heating is investigated in an atmospheric hydrogen and/or helium gas mixture, by the superposition of a pulsed high current on a long plasma beam produced by a high power CW microwave energy. An efficient ionization and Joule heating are achieved and the plasma of T=5.5×104 K and Ne=1.8×1017 cm−3 is obtained in He+40%H2 gas mixture. About 20% of the input energy to the discharge is dissipated to increase the thermal energy of the plasma. Stabilizing effect of MHD instability by an admixture of a heavy gas is clarified and the correlation between the instability growth and the heating efficiency is demonstrated.
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  • Kazushi Sugawara
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1491-1497
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    We have investigated theoretically the NMR longitudinal relaxation rate, T1,N−1, due to magnetic impurities diluted in a metal where conduction electrons are in the “isothermal limit,” and the magnetic ion has a substantial crystal-field splitting. The theory is applied to a singlet ground-state Pr-compound, and the result reveals an anomalous behavior of T1,N−1 as a function of temperature. The theory is also applied to the doublet ground-state Dy-compound (YAl2 : Dy). The anomalies in T1,N−1 observed experimentally by Abe for YAl2 : Dy can be successfully explained by the present theory, provided that the first excited state of Dy3+ is about 5 K from a Γ7 doublet ground-state.
    This is the first theoretical investigation of the NMR broadening due to magnetic ions in metals in which the magnetic ion has a crystal-field splitting and conduction electrons are in the “isothermal limit.”
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  • Kiyosi Motida
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1498-1500
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Two kinds of exchange interactions which have possibilities to cause exchange striction in NiO are discussed. One is the direct exchange interaction between neighboring dγ orbits, which is shown to be too small to explain the observed exchange striction. The other is the interaction via both the anionic 2p and 2s orbits, which involves kinetic and potential exchanges. This interaction, to which the origin of the exchange striction is attributed, is shown to contribute by 222cos\varphi K (\varphi: Ni–O–Ni angle) to the Néel temperature. This interaction is shown to be necessary for understanding the Néel temperature of a perovskite-like substance Ni2+TeO3.
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  • Moriji Mizoguchi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1501-1511
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The hyperfine field spectra of magnetite have been investigated at 4.2 K with and without magnetic cooling. From the spectra, it has been confirmed that three types of resonance lines exist and they are ascribed to Fe3+(A) ions, Fe2+(B) ions and Fe3+(B) ions. Fe3+(B) ions occupy five inequivalent positions of B sites. We have found that, with the application of the magnetic field, each Fe3+(B) line splits into two or four lines, even if the specimen has the fixed uniform a-, b- and c-axes. Angular dependence of the resonance frequencies of Fe3+(B) ions obtained by rotating external magnetic field was also observed. We have found that the splittings and the anisotropy of the spectra can be explained quantitatively by the symmetry of the site, which is approximately uniaxial along one of the ⟨111⟩ directions. For Fe3+(B) ions, the main part of the anisotropy can be explained by the magnetic dipole field of the surrounding Fe ions.
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  • Moriji Mizoguchi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1512-1520
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The number of the inequivalent octahedral sites on which Fe3+ ions are located and the values of the anisotropic internal fields of the ions were determined in the preceding paper. From these results and under the several assumptions, the electron ordering schemes on the (001) planes were determined completely. There remains some ambiguity on the way of piling up these c-planes along the c-axis. The proposed electron ordering scheme is as follows. Along the a-axis a pair of Fe2+ ions and a pair of Fe3+ ions line up alternately. Along the b-axis a group of three Fe3+ ions and one Fe2+ ion or a group of three Fe2+ ions and one Fe3+ ion line up alternately. This electron ordering may be caused by the pairing of Fe2+ ions along the a-axis as well as the short range ordering due to the electrostatic energy. The new model is quite promising but the NMR study at the present stage still cannot eliminate other electron orderings, e.g., Fe2+ ion and Fe3+ ion align alternately along the a- and b-axes.
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  • Masao Shimizu, Hideji Yamada
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1521-1524
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Spin wave spectra in A–Co2 compounds, where A is a heavy rare earth element, are calculated in a combined model of itinerant d-electrons of Co and localized magnetic moments of rare earth ions.
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  • Kiyoichiro Motoya, Hiroshi Yasuoka, Yoji Nakamura, J. H. Wernick
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1525-1532
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The magnetic properties of MnSi–CoSi solid solution alloys have been studied by means of magnetization and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Two kinds of 55Mn nuclear resonance signals corresponding to different magnetic states have been observed in manganese-rich alloys. The magnetic moments for the respective magnetic states have been evaluated from the concentration dependence of hyperfine field. The NMR measurements suggest that the addition of MnSi to pure CoSi induces the magnetic moment on the Co atoms.
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  • Kazuo Ueda
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1533-1538
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The magnetic excitations in an itinerant antiferromagnet are investigated by using random phase approximation. It is shown that electron-hole pair excitations exist in a low frequency and long wave region. The spin waves decay into these modes and have an intrinsic width. Importance of the effect of the anisotropy is also pointed out.
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  • Masatsugu Suzuki, Sei-ichi Tanuma
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1539-1546
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The transverse magneto-resistance of bismuth was measured at 1.5 K in magnetic fields up to 24 kOe. It became clear from the experimental results that the electric current is forced out towards one side surface of the sample in a certain configuration. The peculiar feature of this surface current is that the current path shifts to the opposite side surface with the reversal of the magnetic field but it remains unchanged with the reversal of DC current. The latter effect could not be understood in terms of ordinary static skin effect.
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  • Seiichiro Noguchi, Yoshimi Tsuchiya, Masayuki Hasegawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1547-1554
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Angular correlation of photon pairs generated by the positron annihilation has been measured in ultrafine particles (a few hundred angstrom in diameter) of simple metals (Zn, Cd, Al, Ge, and Pb) to characterize the surface states of their conduction electrons. The samples were prepared by the gas evaporation method and kept in vacuum through the experiment. The experimental results are summarized as follows: (1) The full width at half maximum of the angular correlation curve for the ultrafine particles decreases to 88, 96, 81, 87, and 86% in comparison with that for the corresponding bulk metals for Zn, Cd, Al, Ge, and Pb, respectively. (2) The contribution of the conduction electrons to the angular correlation curves has a long and wide tail without the sharp cutoff at Fermi momentum, θf, in the particles.
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  • Makoto Okusawa, Takehiko Ishii
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1555-1561
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the 4s level of bromine has been found to consist of two separate lines in various metal-bromides. The doublet nature of the Br 4s line is attributed to the configuration interaction between the 4s4p6 state and the two-electron-excited states like 4s24p45s, 4s24p45p, and 4s24p44d. The spectral feature of the doublet is different to some extent among the bromides of different metals.
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  • Taturo Miyasato, Fumio Akao
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1562-1566
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The acoustic attenuation in lightly Sb-doped (1∼2×1015 Sb/cm3) Ge was measured in the temperature range from 1.4 to 4.2 K at frequency about 700 MHz under uniaxial stress up to 3×108 dyn/cm2. It was found that the uniaxial stress changed the acoustic attenuation remarkably and the behavior depended strongly on the direction of the applied stress. The experimental results are compared with the theory in which the relaxation of the system into an instantaneous local thermal equilibrium under acoustic waves and the contribution of each valley to the donor wave function under uniaxial stress are considered.
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  • Hideaki Chihara, Nobuo Nakamura
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1567-1571
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Experiments of Zeeman effect of 35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance on single crystals of chloranil below and above the second order phase transition point (95 K) determined the electric field gradient tensors and suggested a coupling of an acoustic shear strain wave to the soft librational mode associated with the phase change. The previously proposed dynamical model of the transition was reexamined and its mechanism was discussed on the basis of the symmetry consideration with respect to the soft librational and the shear strain modes. Different behaviors of crystals with different growth habits are reported.
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  • Yoshio Kuramoto
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1572-1582
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The ground state of the many-electron system in strong magnetic fields is investigated from low to high density region using a variational formalism. It is argued that the anisotropic Wigner crystal at low densities is gradually transformed into an assembly of chain structures as the density is increased and overlap of wave functions along the magnetic field becomes appreciable. When the density is increased further the exchange interaction becomes important along every direction of the space. Even in that case the ground state is shown to be a charge-density-wave state in marked contrast to the case without magnetic fields. Application of the result to impure semiconductors and astrophysical systems is discussed.
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  • Susumu Kurita, Koichi Kobayashi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1583-1587
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Optical absorptions due to indirect excitons in AgCl and AgBr are measured in high magnetic field up to 150 kOe. Qualitatively our results are similar to Matsushita’s except the newly found shift of the center of gravity of the exciton levels split by a magnetic field. The g values for electrons and holes, and the exchange energies Δ, between them are re-examined and more accurate values are gc(electron)=1.50, g⁄⁄v(hole, parallel to[111])=1.87 and Δ=0.7 meV for AgCl and gc=0.88, g⁄⁄v=0.98 and Δ=0.31 meV for AgBr.
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  • Kenzi Hukuda, Yasutoshi Nakagawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1588-1591
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Temperature dependence of ESR spectrum on the SeO43− radical substituted for PO43− in KDP(KH2PO4) single crystal has been interpreted by the model that locally ordered regions are formed in the paraelectric phase of the crystal as the temperature approaches Tc and the polarization of each region fluctuates with the relaxation time τ. Estimated temperature dependence of the fluctuation rate exhibits the slowing down phenomenon near Tc which is represented as τ−1=A(TTc)m with m=0.99.
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  • Hiroyuki Shiba, Yoshihiro Ishibashi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1592-1599
    Published: May 15, 1978
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    A general approach is presented for the incommensurate states and incommensurate (IC)-commensurate (C) transitions in ferroelectrics. An emphasis is put on the determination of the free energy as a function of the IC wave vector as well as on the role played by harmonics. The Levanyuk-Sannikov model for an improper ferroelectric material (NH4)2BeF4 is studied in details from this point of view, and the IC–C transition of this model is shown to be of second order. Some possible extensions of the model are suggested to have a first-order IC–C transition.
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  • W. Zapart, S. Waplak, J. Stankowski, L. A. Shuvalov
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1600-1603
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The EPR spectrum anisotropy of Cr3+ in KH3(SeO3)2 single crystal is studied from 77 to 300 K. Two kinds of paramagnetic centres A and B are observed with (at room temperature) the spin Hamiltonian parameters: gxA=1.984, gyA=1.985, gzA=1.978, DA=0.218 cm−1, EA=0.037 cm−1; gxB=1.967, gyB=1.966, gzB=1.968, DB=0.141 cm−1, EB=0.024 cm−1. Below the phase transition, each of the EPR lines of complexes A and B is split into two lines, differing in spin Hamiltonian parameter values. The crystal field parameter D is shown to be a sensitive indicator of the local spontaneous deformation in a ferroelastic.
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  • Shunsuke Hirotsu, Tomonobu Suzuki
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1604-1611
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The sound velocities in perovskite-type CsPbCl3 were measured around the three successive structural phase transition points at 37, 42, and 47°C using the ultrasonic pulse-overlap method. “Detwinned” samples were used, so that the measured velocities can be connected with the elastic constants in each phase. The results are analysed in terms of the phenomenological and fluctuation theories. In contrast to large critical anomalies in c11 and c12 in the cubic phase, the thermal expansion coefficient shows no corresponding anomaly even just above the cubic to tetragonal transition point. The measured elastic stiffness constants in the cubic phase at 50°C (80°C), in units of 1011 dyn/cm2, are c11=2.95 (3.24), c12=1.60 (1.45), and c44=0.504 (0.509).
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  • Masakatsu Misawa, Kenji Suzuki
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1612-1618
    Published: May 15, 1978
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    The structural transition between ring and chain molecules in liquid selenium is explained by a disordered chain model which includes a part of both the Se-8 ring and helical chain conformations in a single molecule. Also are discussed the enthalpy change for the dissociation of chain molecules and the mean length of a chain molecule in liquid selenium.
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  • Kazumichi Nakagawa, Noriaki Itoh
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1619-1626
    Published: May 15, 1978
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    Highly resolved absorption spectroscopy has been made for the hydronaphthyl radical-h9 in a C10H8 crystal and the hydronaphthyl radical-d9 in a C10D8 crystal. The isotope shift of the 0–0 vibrational line of the 1-hydronapthyl radical was obtained to be 97 cm−1. The isotope shift of the phonon frequencies derived from the singularities of the sideband is in accordance with the isotope shift of the Raman frequencies of a naphthalene crystal. The shift of the vibrational frequencies is found to be nearly the same as that observed in the emission spectrum by Jacobsen et al. The spectral shift and the intensity change of the absorption lines, which have been assigned previously to charge transfer transitions, are explained in terms of the change in the zero-point energies and of the intensity borrowing of the charge transfer transition from the intra-guest transition, respectively.
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  • Ken Takiyama
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1627-1631
    Published: May 15, 1978
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    F-center emission has been studied in zone-refined LiCl crystals irradiated with electrons at LNT. Two emission bands witch peaks at 1.56 and 2.31 eV are observed by the excitation with F-band light. The 1.56-eV emission band has been assigned to be the F-center emission from its excitation spectrum, temperature variation of the emission intensity, decay curve and polarization. The optical parameters were determined as follows: effective frequency ωe≈3×1013 sec−1, decay time at LHeT τ=1.53 μsec and thermal ionization energy ΔE≈0.04 eV.
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  • Koichi Imanaka, Takeshi Iida, Hiroshi Ohkura
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1632-1639
    Published: May 15, 1978
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    The magnetic properties of the relaxed excited state (RES) of the F center are investigated on the basis of the vibronic theory including the interaction with Γ4-mode phonon; both the vibronic and the spin-orbit interactions are diagonalized. By analyzing the experimental results of the g-factor in the RES, the magnetic circular polarization in emission, and the temperature dependence of radiative lifetime of the RES, the vibronic parameter values and the spin-orbit interaction constant, λ, are determined consistently for KF, KCl and KBr. The results show that 1) λ-values in the RES are positive and have the same order of magnitude as those in the unrelaxed excited state; 2) the orbital g-factors are reduced appreciably; 3) the spin polarization in the RES, P*, is of the relatively small order of 10−3. An alternative method to estimate P* is proposed.
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  • Shinji Muramatsu, Nobuhiko Sakamoto
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1640-1646
    Published: May 15, 1978
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    A general problem of the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect for an electronic doublet (E) state in tetragonal symmetry has been studied. Numerical calculations of energy levels and Ham’s reduction factors have been done for the cases in which the frequency for the two modes (β1 and β2) and the coupling to them are assumed different. The difference in the energy scheme between cubic (E×ε) and tetragonal (E×(β12)) cases is pointed out. Relations among Ham’s reduction factors are also discussed.
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  • Michiyoshi Nagashima
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1647-1655
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    A normalized variance of a radiation field is introduced to study the coherence properties of spontaneous and induced emissions in the Dicke model Hamiltonian. It is shown that a superradiant emission from an atomic Dicke state cannot be in a coherent state, though the Dicke state emits photons in a Poisson distribution for the photon number. In the case of the induced emission for an initially intense coherent radiation field, the time evolution of the normalized variance is calculated to see to what extent the initially coherent state remains coherent. We obtain the time evolution of the expectation values of the atomic operators and the photon number operator. These solutions are then compared with semi-classical solutions obtained by taking the diagonal coherent state representation.
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  • Takashi Inushima, Kunimitsu Uchinokura, Etsuyuki Matsuura
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1656-1663
    Published: May 15, 1978
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    The precise birefringence spectra of SbSI have been measured in the paraelectric and ferroelectric phases as a function of temperature. A drastic change of the birefringence was observed at the first order transition temperature of 15.70°C and anomalous behavior was observed at the second order transition temperature of −36.61°C. These two transition temperatures are in good agreement with those obtained from the measurements of band edge shift. From the log–log plot of birefringence versus T, their critical exponents (β) and their critical region (ε=|TTc|⁄Tc) were determined. For the second order transition, β=0.51±0.01 (T<Tc) and β=0.53±0.01 (T>Tc) were obtained. As for the first order transition, β shows the ε dependence, and in ε>5×10−3 region, β=0.38±0.01, but in ε<5×10−3, β=0.53±0.01.
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  • Ken Takahashi, Mieko Takagi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1664-1671
    Published: May 15, 1978
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    Intensity distribution on the section topographs for ferroelectric triglycine sulfate crystals containing an antiparallel domain boundary was calculated by using the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction. The result shows an intensity peak corresponding to the domain boundary image. The intensity depends on the phase of the crystal structure factor. The calculated intensity distribution was compared with the results of the X-ray topographic observation reported by the same authors (Part I: J. Phys. Soc. Japan 44 (1978) 1266).
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  • Akio Itoh, Masatoshi Asari, Fumio Fukuzawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1672-1677
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Spatial intensity distributions of spectral bands are obtained by 100 and 150 keV proton impact on molecular nitrogen gas target. All bands of the N2 second positive system (C3Πu→B3Πg) show broad distributions, while those of the N2+ first negative system (B2Σu+→X2Σg+) show confined ones. Pressure dependence of the relative emission cross sections can be expressed as Pα. As for 3914 Å (0, 0) band of the N2+ first negative, α is equal to 0 for the beam path region and 0.23∼0.29 for outside region of the beam. On the other hand, for 3371 Å (0, 0) band of the N2 second positive, α is equal to 1 over all region. The spatial distribution of the production rate of the state C3Πu of N2 by secondary electrons is calculated. Fairly good agreement between calculated and observed lateral distributions of 3371 Å is obtained in the region outside the beam axis.
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  • Tatsuhiko Kohno, Hidetoshi Miike, Yoshio Ebina
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1678-1684
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The induced patterns under ac. electric field are examined in the dilute cholesteric and nematic mixtures with the negative dielectric anisotropy. The instability in the planar texture is triggered by a material flow at threshold voltage and regular periodic patterns can be observed by using the polarizing microscope. The patterns are deformed due to the formation of axial disclinations with increasing the field. The deformation is stabilized by making the new planar texture under the applied field. The number of twists increases in the new planar texture. When we increase the field further, the instability occurs in the new planar texture. A new mechanism for succeeding transitions is proposed. Both the electrohydrodynamic instability and the contraction of the cholesteric pitch are important in the mechanism.
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  • Kazuo Odajima
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1685-1693
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The frequency and growth rate of drift wave instability in a weakly ionized rotating plasma are investigated experimentally in both stable and unstable regions. These dependence on the magnetic field strength and the axial wave-number are qualitatively in agreement with the characteristics of a collisional drift wave with a finite ion inertia. The frequency of the instability almost linearly increases with the radial electric field, but its slope is much smaller than that of the plasma rotation frequency due to E×B drift. The result can be explained by taking into account a centrifugal force.
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  • Ryuji Yoshino, Tadashi Sekiguchi
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1694-1699
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Mainly in connection with the recent results of spindle-cusp confinement experiments, the structure of “high-beta plasma sheath” in the thermal equilibrium as well as in the steady-state is theoretically examined. For the analysis, the velocity distribution function of plasma particles and the electric field induced by the charge separation within the sheath are taken into account. Various cases of the sheath thickness ranging from ton gyro-radius to electron gyro-radius are considered. On the basis of the results, the stability of sheath is discussed in relation to possibly excited micro-instabilities.
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  • Kazuo Minami
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1700-1706
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Using linearized Vlasov-Maxwell equations, the skin effect of microwaves and transverse pseudowaves excited by an idealized grid antenna in plasmas are analyzed. It is shown that the latter is predominant over the former, in such a plasma that ωpvt⁄ωc≥1, where ωp and ω are the plasma and microwave angular frequencies, vt and c are the electron thermal and light velocities, respectively.
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  • Sanae Inoue, Kimitaka Itoh, Shoichi Yoshikawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1707-1710
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Using the normal mode expansion method, the collisional drift waves of the slab plasma in a sheared magnetic field are investigated. In the strong shear parameter regime, 1\lesssimκLs<<mime (κ: density gradient, Ls: shear length and mime: ion to electron mass ratio), the growth rate is found to be proportional to \sqrtν⁄ω*. The diffusion coefficient is also estimated and a density limitation of high density tokamak is shown.
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  • Nobuo Yajima, Masayuki Oikawa, Junkichi Satsuma
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1711-1714
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Three-dimensional interactions of ion-acoustic solitons in collisionless plasmas are studied by using Hirota’s method. It is pointed out that under certain conditions the resonant interaction among three solitons is possible.
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  • Masakazu Mori, Toshio Goto, Shuzo Hattori
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1715-1721
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The population densities of He excited states in a positive column discharge used for the He–Cd+ laser were measured as functions of Cd atom density, initial He pressure, and discharge current with the modified absorption method. They were also calculated with the aid of the electron energy distribution function obtained from the Boltzmann equation. It has been shown that the variations of the population densities of the He(I) 23S and 21S states with the discharge current can be interpreted theoretically only when a new electronic collision process, He(23S or 21S)+e→He(23P or 21P)+e, is taken into account.
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  • Tutomu Kawata, Hiroshi Inoue
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1722-1729
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    An extended inverse scattering method is developed to solve the nonlinear evolution equations which are based on the AKNS eigenvalue problem with nonvanishing potentials q(x) and r(x) where q(x)r(x)→λ02(\gtrless0) as x→±∞. As an example, we solved the case of nonlinear Schrödinger equation, iqt+qxx−2(m|q|2−λ02)q=0 (m=−1, +1), under the nonvanishing boundary conditions, q(x, t)→q± as x→±∞, where q± are constants. For m=1 we get the “envelope dark soliton,” while for m=−1 there appears a new solution as the extended form of the “envelope bright soliton.”
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  • Katuro Sawada, Takeo Osawa
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1730-1732
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    It is shown that the second order nonlinear differential equation
    (Remark: Graphics omitted.)
    has the first integral
    (Remark: Graphics omitted.),
    where ω and the initial phase δ are constants, and f(x) is some nonlinear function of x. This equation can be solved exactly in the case f(x)=−αxxn, where α and β are constants, and n is an integer. In the physically most interesting case where α and β are both positive, and n is positive and odd, this equation generates a sustained oscillation.
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  • Wataru Kinase, Kouichi Okamoto
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1733
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Michisuke Kobayashi, Yûsaku Yamada
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1734
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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  • Kitomi Tsutsumi, Takashi Sambongi, Seiichi Kagoshima, Takehiko Ishigur ...
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1735-1736
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Peierls superstructure in TaS3 was observed by low-temperature X-ray diffraction. The periods of the superlattice were temperature independent and commensurate to the parent lattice; a′=2a, b′=8b and c′=4c.
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  • J. Rubio O., C. Medrano P.
    1978 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 1737-1738
    Published: May 15, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The temperature dependence of the cubic spin Hamiltonian parameter a for the 6S5⁄2 ground state ions Mn2+ and Fe3+ has been measured in magnesium oxide in the temperature range 94–600 K. From these data the relationship between a and the cubic potential was found. Some disagreement is noted between our results and those obtained previously by other workers.
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