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Masatoshi Imada
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1443-1448
Published: November 15, 1978
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We consider the mechanism of the void lattice formation as a spinodal decomposition of vacancies. In the linear region of the spinodal decomposition, the void lattice constant is determined by estimating the periodicity growing in the spinodal decomposition. We assume that the void radius in the void lattice should be determined from the static stability according to Bullough and Stoneham
et al.
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Shigeru Mori, Yosio Hiki
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1449-1456
Published: November 15, 1978
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The evluation of six third-order and eleven fourth-order elastic constants of an alkali halide crystal has been made by calculating higher order strain derivatives of the crystal free energy. The energy adopted was the sum of the long-range Coulomb and the short-range Born-Mayer potentials and the vibrational free energy of the lattice. The evaluation of the higher order elastic constants has been done for LiF, NaCl, and KCl at 0 K and 300 K, and the results were in reasonable agreement with conclusions of other experimental and theoretical studies. The third-order and the fourth-order elastic constants largest in absolute values were respectively negative and positive in their signs, and one and two orders larger in their magnitudes than the second-order elastic constants.
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Yoshiaki Tanaka, Keiji Osaki, Norikiyo Uryû
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1457-1464
Published: November 15, 1978
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Following the Bogoliubov variational principle, the equilibrium and the stability equations of the free energy for the two-sublattice antiferromagnetic system with inter- and intrasublattice exchange interactions and with an external magnetic field are investigated. For the Ising system with uniaxial anisotropy the phase diagrams have been calculated for various values of anisotropy constant
d and the ratio of intra- to intersublattice interaction constants γ. It is shown that the first order as well as the second order transitions occurs for γ>0, whereas only the second order transition occurs for γ≤0, irrespective of the sign of
d. Particularly, however, quite interesting phase diagrams are obtained for
d<0. Furthermore, for the anisotropic Heisenberg system with anisotropy constant ξ, similar calculations are extended and the usual phase diagrams are obtained for ξ>>γ, whereas those of a peculiar type are obtained for ξ\lesssimγ. These results are discussed in comparison with the existing theories.
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Osamu Sakai, Seiichi Seki, Masashi Tachiki
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1465-1473
Published: November 15, 1978
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A model for the mixed valence state is presented. The basic lattice is composed of
N trivalent rare earth ions. Extra
N electrons enter either the localized f level at each ion site or the conduction band. When an electron occupies the f level of rare earth ion, this ion becomes divalent ion. The electron can jump from the f level to the conduction band and
vice versa through the hybridization between these states. The effect of the strong intra-atomic Coulomb and the exchange interactions between the f electrons on the hybridized states is studied by applying the coherent potential approximation. The gap in the density of states and/or the mobility gap appear around the f level, and the Fermi level is located within the gap. The energy of the paramagnetic state is shown to be lower than that of the ferromagnetic state.
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Hidetoshi Fukuyama
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1474-1481
Published: November 15, 1978
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Competition between the commensurability pinning and the impurity pinning on the existence of the long range order is examined at absolute zero in the case of the weak impurity pinning of the one-dimensional charge density wave. There exists a critical value of the commensurability energy,
l0⁄
d=1.4, which separates the state with long range order (charge density wave (CDW) state) and that without it (charge density glass (CDG) state). Here
l0 and
d are the domain size in the absence of commensurability energy and the size of a soliton in the absence of the impurity potential respectively. It is argued that near the boundary of the CDW state and CDG state the average of the formation energy of a localized excitation (a soliton) is decreased whereas that of a extended excitation (a phason) remain essentially unchanged.
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Tomoyuki Miyazaki
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1482-1486
Published: November 15, 1978
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Both the superconducting-spot and the normal-spot models for the intermediate state have been developed by using the results of generalized Landau’s model. Comparison of free energies of the two spot-models and of a laminar model shows that near the transition field to the normal state the superconducting-spot structure is the most favorable. The critical field of a thin plate which agrees with the expression of Maloney
et al. have been obtained. The distance between normal spots is given as a function of a reduced field and a ratio of the surface energy parameter to thickness of a superconducting plate.
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Tomoyuki Miyazaki, Bunju Shinozaki, Ryozo Aoki, Masahiro Katayama, Shi ...
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1487-1492
Published: November 15, 1978
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By employing an electron microscope with a liquid helium cooled stage, periodic shadow patterns which are formed by an array of normal and superconducting domains have been observed for lead films of thickness from 0.32 μm to 82 μm. These patterns have not been confirmed for films thinner than 0.19 μm. By using a generalized Landau laminar model, the surface energy parameter
Δ(
T=0 K) in estimated from the observed period. Thickness dependence of the
Δ(0) can hardly be found within the range from 0.32 μm to 82 μm; the avarage
Δ(0)=380 ű30%. On the basis of the experimental results, the transition of the magnetic behavior between the type-I and they type-II is discussed.
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Shigehiro Komura, Takayoshi Takeda, Soji Ohara, Yutaka Nakai, Nobuhiko ...
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1493-1497
Published: November 15, 1978
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An experiment of a diffuse scattering of polarized neutrons was carried out in an attempt to determine the magnetic moment of Cr (or Mn) atoms in bcc Fe–Co alloys. It is concluded that an addition of Cr together with Co into host Fe, keeping the same number of 3
d-electrons as that of pure Fe, diminishes the absolute value of the antiparallel moment of Cr in the ternary alloys more rapidly than in Fe–Cr binary alloys, while an addition of Mn in the same way enhances the parallel moment of Mn in the ternary alloys more rapidly than in Fe–Mn binary alloys.
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Toshihiro Idogaki, Norikiyo Uryû
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1498-1506
Published: November 15, 1978
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By the method of concentration expansion, the initial gradient
Ig for a curve of the Curie temperature θ
c(
p) vs the concentration
p of magnetic ions in randomly dilute Ising ferromagnet is calculated. The calculation is performed for the eight kinds of crystal lattices and the results are discussed with particular emphasis as to its dependence on the crystal structure and the second neighbor interactions. Various experimental data are compared with the present results of
Ig together with the other critical properties
pc, θ
c(
p) obtained in the previous paper. As a whole, the behaviors of θ
c(
p) determined experimentally are well explained by the theory, and an importance of the second neighbor interactions is indicated for some compounds.
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Tsunaomi Fukui
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1507-1514
Published: November 15, 1978
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An explanation is given to an unusual magnetic field dependence of Hall voltage of NiS
2 at 4.2 K which has been already reported [Trans. Japan Inst. Metals
18 (1977) 590]. To perform this more completely transverse magnetoresistance, magnetic torque and Hall voltage (changing magnetic field direction in (110) plane) were measured at 4.2 K. Planar Hall effect was also examined and was shown to have little influence on Hall voltage. An
L-vector and (weak-) ferromagnetization are introduced as a difference and a sum of two sublattice magnetizations respectively. A phenomenological formula for galvanomagnetic effect is extended to the case that the
L-vector and ferromagnetization are included as an argument besides magnetic field. Under some assumptions for weakferromagnetic domain distribution, Hall voltage is well reproduced by the quadratic term of the
L-vector.
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Toshiaki Enoki, Ikuji Tsujikawa
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1515-1519
Published: November 15, 1978
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The specific heat of Ni(OH)
2 considered as a quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet was measured between 4.2 K and 35 K. The result showed a very sharp peak at 25.75±0.04 K, in contrast with the previous result of Sorai
et al. which had a broad peak at 24.80±0.05 K. This disagreement may result from the reason that our sample consists of particles with the bulky property while theirs does of fine particles with the size effect. The present data are consistent with Fisher’s relation between specific heat and magnetic susceptibility. The critical indices manifested a crossover from two-dimensional Ising value to three-dimensional Ising value as temperature approached to the Néel temperature. The magnetic entropy also suggested the quasi-two-dimensionality.
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Masao Shimizu
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1520-1527
Published: November 15, 1978
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The effect of the forced magnetostriction on various thermodynamic properties of Invar alloys is examined. The temperature variations of the thermal expansion coefficient and bulk modulus defined at constant magnetization and the concentration dependences of this bulk modulus and the high-field susceptibility at constant volume are shown to be normal. There is an enhancement due to the magnetovolume coupling in the high-field susceptibility, compressibility and forced magnetostriction. The various anomalies are attributed to the large magnetovolume coupling in Fe–Ni Invar alloys. It is seen that Fe–Pt alloys are rather normal at low temperature. The magnetovolume coupling term is calculated in a simple itinerant electron model for fcc Fe–Ni alloys. To explain the large magnetovolume coupling in Fe–Ni alloys, the homogeneous itinerant electron model is not sufficient and a magnetic inhomogeneity with different atomic volumes will explain this discrepancy.
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Mitsuhiro Motokawa
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1528-1533
Published: November 15, 1978
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Magnetization and antiferromagnetic resonance studies were done on a single crystal of MnCl
2·2H
2O at liquid helium temperatures using pulsed magnetic fields up to 180 kOe. The spin-flop phenomenon was observed at 30.2±0.3 kOe under a field along the spin easy
b-axis. Transition from antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic states was observed at 154±2, 142±2 and 152±2 kOe when an external field was applied parallel to the
a,
b and
c-axes, respectively. Antiferromagnetic resonance absorptions were observed in the frequency range from 22 to 85 GHz and a zero-field frequency was determined to be 85±1 GHz. The antiferromagnetic exchange field
HE and the orthorhombic anisotropy fields
HA1 and
HA2 due to the crystalline field constants
D and
E were found to be 71.7±1 kOe, 6.0±0.3 kOe, 4.5±0.5 kOe, respectively. It was also found that the second easy axis is the
a-axis.
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Noboru Miura, Isamu Oguro, Soshin Chikazumi
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1534-1541
Published: November 15, 1978
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On the basis of the molecular field model, sublattice magnetizations in gallium-substituted yttrium iron garnet Y
3Ga
xFe
5−xO
12 are calculated over a wide range of
x, temperature and applied magnetic field with a computer program. Comparing the calculated temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization, the critical fields of the spin-flip transition at high magnetic fields and the ferrimagnetic Curie temperature, with experimental data, the super-exchange coefficients in YIG and Y
3Ga
xFe
5−xO
12 were evaluated.
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Naoshi Matsuno, Masatoshi Yoshimi, Shuichi Ohtake, Takashi Akahane, No ...
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1542-1544
Published: November 15, 1978
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Coefficient of linear thermal expansion of ReO
3 single crystal was measured from 100 K to 500 K. It is smaller than 2×10
−6/deg and becomes negative below 340 K reflecting a phonon and a lattice structure of ReO
3.
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Ikuo Yamamoto
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1545-1550
Published: November 15, 1978
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The magnetic anisotropy of CsMnCl
3 was measured using a high sensitive torquemeter. Interpretations of the torque measurements below the Néel point are presented. From this analysis are determined the anisotropy constants
K1 and
K2 at 4.2 K as 2.39×10 erg/cm
3 and 4.74×10
3 erg/cm
3, respectively, where
K1 is associated with the anisotropy energy within the (001) plane and
K2 with that which confines the spin axis in the plane. A large reduction in
K2 was found, which is possibly due to a domain effect.
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Toshinobu Tsuda, Hiroshi Yasuoka, Teiichi Miyauchi
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1551-1558
Published: November 15, 1978
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The temperature dependence of the parallel and perpendicular susceptibilities of an antiferromagnetic KCoF
3 single crystal has been obtained from the shift of
19F NMR and the static magnetic measurements in both the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic states. A large residual value of the parallel susceptibility, (4.6±0.1)×10
3 emu/mole, is observed even at 4.2 K, which is ascribed to the residual orbital momentum of Co
2+ ions. The absolute value and the temperature dependence of the susceptibility are in general accord with the theoretical prediction by N. Suzuki, T. Isu and K. Motizuki based on the correlated effective field approximation.
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Nobuko Fuchikami, Yukito Tanabe
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1559-1566
Published: November 15, 1978
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Previous formulation of magnetic interactions between ions in an insulator is extended to the case of the degenerate orbitals. The symmetry properties of the system are taken into account correctly in the second quantization scheme by choosing “configuration average” of the Hamiltonian as the unperturbed. The results of Gondaira and Tanabe and of Fuchikami and Ono for the super-exchange interaction and spin dependent electric dipole moment are to be modified appropriately and some new terms to be included when the orbitals involved are degenerate. Expressions of the dipole moment operator for the spin independent as well as dependent transitions are given explicitly.
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Katsunori Iio, Mitsuo Sakatani, Kazukiyo Nagata
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1567-1574
Published: November 15, 1978
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By measuring optical birefringences the behaviour of short-range order has been studied on quadratic-layer quasi-Heisenberg antiferromagnets: K
2NiF
4, Rb
2NiF
4, Ba
2NiF
6 and K
2CoF
4. An explicit form of the spin-dependent birefringence for these systems is given, which is proportional to the nearest-neighbouring correlation functions 〈
SjSl〉. It is shown that with increasing Ising-like character the high tempetature persistence of 〈
SjSl〉 is reduced. In the case of K
2CoF
4, where the Ising-like anisotropy is comparable to the isotropic exchange field, a symmetric and logarithmic anomaly in the behaviour of 〈
SjSl〉 has been observed for |
T−
TN|⁄
TN<7.5·10
−2 around the Néel point.
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Toshihiro Yamagata
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1575-1582
Published: November 15, 1978
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The operative slip systems in CsCl-type intermetallic compounds are theoretically examined; our hypothesis is that a dislocation controlling the slip process produces the least increase in the total energy when it is introduced into a crystal under consideration. Using the inter-atom-row potential, the total energies of a dissociated 〈111〉 screw dislocation and of a 〈001〉 screw dislocation are calculated and the results are compared with the observed slip systems. It is found that the operative slip direction changes from 〈111〉 to 〈001〉 as the antiphase boundary energy increases and that FeAl which has been known to show an exceptional slip direction 〈111〉 can be satisfactorily fitted into this scheme. Furthermore, an attempt is made to relate the antiphase boundary energy with the magnitude of the composition dependence of the melting temperature, i.e.
ΔTm⁄
ΔC which can be easily obtained from the phase diagram.
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Kunihiko Iwasaki
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1583-1590
Published: November 15, 1978
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Internal friction of cold worked Cu–Au alloys in the concentration range between 0.02 and 5 at%Au is measured as a function of temperature from −196°C to +50°C with an inverted torsion pendulum. An internal friction peak is observed at about −50°C when a deformed specimen is annealed at 100°C for an appropriate time. This peak appears most prominent in an alloy, Cu-1.5 at %Au, and is interpreted to be due to the interaction between dislocations and small clusters of gold atoms.
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Makoto Hirabayashi, Masahiro Koiwa, Sadae Yamaguchi, Kunihisa Kamata
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1591-1598
Published: November 15, 1978
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Diffuse scattering due to the atomic short range order in Cu-20∼28 at% Mn single crystals has been studied by the time of flight measurement of pulsed neutrons. The SRO parameters α
j of the 25% Mn alloy were obtained by analyzing the diffuse scattering intensity, and used for a computer simulation of the atomic configuration. The local atomic arrangements show a preference for no manganese atom pairs as first neighbors and two manganese atom pairs as second neighbors, which tends to satisfy the Ni
4Mo-like structure. The ratios of pairwise interactions are evaluated and discussed briefly.
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Hideoki Hoshino, Kozaburo Tamura, Hirohisa Endo
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1599-1602
Published: November 15, 1978
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We report a detailed study of the phase-separation in binary liquid Tl–Te alloys. We have determined the location of the miscibility gap in the concentration-temperature (
x-
T) plane from the measurement of the electrical conductivity σ. It is found that (i) the upper consolute point is at 80.7 at.% Tl and 583.3°C, (ii) the law of rectilinear diameters holds and (iii) the critical exponent β for the
x-
T phase boundary is 0.33.
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Ichiro Watanabe, Makoto Ishikawa, Tatsuo Shimizu
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1603-1609
Published: November 15, 1978
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Assignment of paramagnetic defects in amorphous Ge–S has been carried out through computer fitting and annealing experiments. The glass structure of Ge–S has large randomness and is not stable in air, but the reduction of the randomness and the stabilization are brought about by addition of a small amount of Ag. Paramagnetic defects in Ge–S glasses are explained by energy overlapping between one electron state of singly occupied dangling bonds and one electron state of a second electron in doubly occupied dangling bonds due to large randomness.
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Masasi Inoue, Hisao Yagi, Toshiaki Tatsukawa, Yoshiyuki Kaku
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1610-1612
Published: November 15, 1978
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EPR spectra have been measured in the temperature range 140–300 K of Mn
2+ in highly degenerate semiconductor GeTe with carrier concentration
p∼10
21 cm
−3. The hyperfine structure constant
A obtained for lower Mn content (<0.4 at.%) is found to be 56.2×10
−4 cm
−1, which is almost equal to that of SnTe. However, the temperature dependences of
A and linewidth
ΔH of a broadened single line for higher Mn content (>0.4 at.%) are negligibly small, indicating an important role of electrostatic screening of carriers around the paramagnetic impurities in the host crystal.
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Kazuko Motizuki, Soichi Miyata, Naoshi Suzuki
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1613-1621
Published: November 15, 1978
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The phase transition observed in TiCl
3 is interpreted as being connected with a lattice distortion. Three types of distorted structures, which are called the antidimerization, dimerization and sheared structures, are considered. For each distorted structure the energy bands for the 3dε electrons of the Ti
3+ ions are calculated by the tight-binding approximation. From the minimum free energy values of the three distorted structures, we find that the antidimerization structure is the most stable. The paramagnetic susceptibility is calculated for both the distorted antidimerization structure and the undistorted structure, and the result is found to be in qualitative agreement with the observation.
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Fumitake Itoh, Makoto Matsuura, Kenji Suzuki, Yoshimori Miyata, Seiich ...
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1622-1625
Published: November 15, 1978
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Positron lifetimes and angular correlation curves for trigonal(t), α-monoclinic(m) and amorphous(a) selenium have been measured. It has been found that differences in lifetime and angular correlation curve between m-Se and t-Se are relatively small but those between a-Se and t-Se fairly large. These changes have been qualitatively discussed in terms of changes in electron and positron state among three selenium phases.
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Kazuhiko Tsuji, Makoto Yao, Katsuhiko Ishida, Hirohisa Endo
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1626-1629
Published: November 15, 1978
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Electrical conductivity σ of liquid semiconductors In
2Te
3, Tl
2Te, Tl
2Se and Ag
2Te is measured up to 1500°C and up to 1000 bar. With increasing temperature, σ for liquid In
2Te
3 rapidly increases near the melting point and its temperature derivative becomes extremely small above 1100°C, while the temperature derivatives for liquid Tl
2Te, Tl
2Se and Ag
2Te are weakly temperature dependent. This difference is discussed in connection with the bonding character of constituent atoms in the respective systems.
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Nobuyuki Takenaka, Masataka Inoue, Junji Shirafuji, Yoshio Inuishi
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1630-1637
Published: November 15, 1978
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The hot electron distribution function in
n-type GaAs has been experimentally investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy of the (
e,
h) radiative transition under the presence of high electric fields. The hot electron distribution function deduced from the emission spectrum at 77 K shows a clear kink around the electron energy corresponding to the
LO phonon energy. The elaborate comparison between the experimental observation and Monte Carlo simulation confirms that the observed kink is due to the dominant
LO phonon emission process in the hot electron system. The experimentally determined temperature and mean energy of electrons are compared with the theoretical estimation.
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Noboru Yamada, Yoshiki Chubachi, Takuro Ikeda
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1638-1644
Published: November 15, 1978
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Dielectric and birefringence measurements have been made on K
2Mn
2(SO
4)
3 crystal. Anomalous temperature dependence of the spontaneous birefringences is found in D
24 phase (below −80°C). The differences of photoelastic coefficients
p11−
p12 and
p11−
p13 are determined by the static method to be both about 0.02 at room temperature. Temperature dependence of the spontaneous birefringence and dielectric susceptibility is analyzed on the basis of thermodynamic potential proposed by Dvorák.
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Masatsugu Suzuki, Sei-ichi Tanuma
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1645-1652
Published: November 15, 1978
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It was proved in the preceding paper (the part I) on the study of the transverse magneto-resistance of bismuth at 1.5 K that the surface current exists and this current is mainly due to the static skin effect. On the field dependence of the non-oscillatory part of magneto-resistance, the original theory of the static skin effect predicts the linear dependence, while the observed exponent of the field dependence was about 0.75 above 3 kOe. This discrepancy has been explained by considering the additive surface current which enters as a result of the gradient of carrier concentration near the surface. The gradient of carrier concentration was ascertained by the measurement of local conductivity.
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Ken-ichiro Ishii
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1653-1656
Published: November 15, 1978
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A method is presented to obtain dislocation velocities in crystals from measurements of the amplitude-dependent internal friction, which is due to the dislocations oscillating in the lattice. The velocities calculated from the experimental data of the internal friction of an Al crystal are consistent with the data obtained by direct observation.
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Ven-chung Lee, How-sen Wong
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1657-1663
Published: November 15, 1978
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The adsorptions of an ordered monolayer of the hydrogen-like atoms and the halogen-like atoms, respectively on the (100) surface of MgO are investigated using the finite layers crystal formalism. The electronic structure of the surface is described within the LCAO interpolation scheme. The adatoms, which are represented by a single non-degenerate energy level, are placed on the surface in the on-site (1×1) configuration. The effect of the chemisorption coupling strength on the surface states is discussed in detail. Local Densities of States (LDS) of the outer layers of the chemisorbed system are studied for the symmetry points of the Surface Brillouin Zone (SBZ). The energy band structure of the chemisorbed system over the SBZ are presented.
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Akihiko Kuroiwa, Hiroshi Saito, Shigeo Shionoya
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1664-1669
Published: November 15, 1978
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A spectral analysis of luminescence of high density excitons in CdS in the 4.2–77 K temperature range is performed by the use of theoretical curves for the M, P
n=2, P
n=∞, E and A–LO lines. The curve given by a suitable sum of calculated curves reproduces the observed spectrum quite well. Thus the dependence of these luminescence lines on temperature is interpreted quantitatively. With increasing temperature from 4.2 K, the M line decreases gradually, becoming very weak at 77 K due to thermal dissociation. The P
n=∞ line grows with temperature, becoming stronger than the P
n=2 line at 77 K. Simultaneously the E line grows in a similar manner to the P
n=∞ line. This is ascribed to the increased number of free electrons brought about by the enhancement of the P
n=∞ process. The phenomenon, observed previously, that the high density exciton system becomes hot at 1.8 K is not observed at higher temperature.
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Makoto Watanabe, Kimihiko Nishioka
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1670-1675
Published: November 15, 1978
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Absorption spectra of RbF–CsF solid solutions were measured at liquid nitrogen temperature in the energy region 9–12 eV with the purpose to assign the sharp peaks near the fundamental absorption edge in CsF. The first peaks in RbF at 9.46 eV and in CsF at 9.22 eV merge into a single peak in solid solutions. The second peak in RbF at 11.01 eV disappears with the increase in the CsF content and does not connect with the second (9.34 eV) nor with the third peak (11.31 eV) in CsF. It is suggested that the first peak in CsF is due to the
Γ-exciton and the second peak to the
X-exciton.
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Toshio Mukai, Chiken Kinoshita, Sadakichi Kitajima
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1676-1683
Published: November 15, 1978
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Thickness fringes in electron micrographs are utilized together with the X-ray technique for determining the order parameter and the difference between the atomic scattering factors of Fe and Al atoms for the first-order superlattice reflexion in FeAl with a
B2-type superlattice. A parameter η
m which represents the relative position of the
mth thickness fringe of the superlattice reflexion is determined at 250–1250 kV. The dependence of η
m on the accelerating voltage can be expressed in terms of the electron structure factor of the superlattice reflexion with the many-beam dynamical theory. The X-ray structure factor is also measured. Thus the order parameter and the difference between the atomic scattering factors are related to and estimated from the both structure factors with accuracies better than 2% and 0.5%, respectively.
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Akira Tonomura, Junji Endo, Hajime Yamamoto, Katsuhisa Usami
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1684-1689
Published: November 15, 1978
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Electron energy-loss spectra of RVO
4 (
R=Sc, Y, La, Eu and Gd) are measured to elucidate primary excitation processes in cathodoluminescence. To help assign loss spectra, calculation of optical constants and measurement of X-ray photoelectron spectra are also made. The loss spectra show seven or eight peaks with four different types of origins: (1) internal transitions, in the VO
43− complex observed as small peaks below 10 eV, (2) plasmon excitation inducing the largest peak at 13 to 14 eV, (3) excitation of a core p-electron of R-ions giving rise to another large peak at 28 to 40 eV and (4) excitation of a V 3p-electron observed as a small peak at 47 to 51 eV. Thus, the importance of core-electron excitation in cathode-ray excitation is emphasized.
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Junzo Takahashi, Masahiro Koiwa, Makoto Hirabayashi, Sadae Yamaguchi, ...
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1690-1696
Published: November 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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A direct determination of the lattice location of oxygen in vanadium single crystals has been made by means of ion channeling and the ion-induced nuclear reaction,
16O(d, p)
17O
*. Channeling angular distribution measurements along principal axial and planar directions indicate that oxygen atoms occupy the octahedral interstices in vanadium. The shapes of the flux peaks observed for the [100], [110] and [111] directions have been compared with those of the theoretical curves calculated on the multiple strings model assuming statistical equilibrium.
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Yoshiko Moriya, Soji Miyagawa
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1697-1703
Published: November 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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Absolute impact-parameter dependence of K-shell ionization probabilities of Ti has been measured for 150-keV protons by a coincidence measurement between the characteristic X-rays and the scattered protons.
Comparison of the measured K-vacancy production probabilities with predictions from the low energy SCA (semiclassical Coulomb approximation) shows reasonable agreement for 150-keV proton-on-Ti system.
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Tomokazu Murai, Hideko Takatsu
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1704-1707
Published: November 15, 1978
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The parallel and perpendicular dipole polarizabilities of H
2+ are calculated for various internuclear distances by a two center procedure. Approximate formula for the parallel polarizabilities for large internuclear distance is also given.
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Toshihisa Honma, Masafumi Kito, Ikuo Kaji
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1708-1715
Published: November 15, 1978
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A stability criterion for surface-preserving modes in closed-line systems in axisymmetric toroidal plasmas is derived from an energy principle. The criterion is compared with a criterion for localized modes in a plasma with closed-line field. It is found that there exists a certain discontinuity between those criteria. The stability criterion for the surface-preserving modes is diagrammed by elliptic quadratic curves for toroidal plasmas with a large aspect ratio.
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Reiji Sugaya, Masao Sugawa, Hisayuki Nomoto
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1716-1724
Published: November 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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The nonlinear Landau damping and growth of electrostatic waves in an electron beam-plasma system in a magnetic field have been observed experimentally. The space charge waves of the beam decay nonlinearly into the Trivelpiece-Gould mode, satisfying the resonant condition ω
0−ω
1−(
k⁄⁄0−
k⁄⁄1)
v⁄⁄=ω
c (
v⁄⁄ is the parallel velocity of plasma electrons). This nonresonant decay is due to the nonlinear interaction of two waves with the plasma electrons. The decay wave can be amplified exponentially by increasing the amplitude of the pump wave. Similarly, an externally launched small amplitude test wave, having the same frequency as the decay wave, can be amplified at the comparable rate. The nonlinear Landau damping coupling coefficient measured experimentally is compared with theory. The electron heating due to this nonresonant decay has also been observed experimentally.
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Kazunari Ikuta
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1725-1727
Published: November 15, 1978
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The confinement of fusion-generated alpha particles will affect the transports of the background plasma particles by the momentum transfer from the energetic alphas. The ions tend to migrate towards the center of plasma (i.e. fuel injection) and electrons towards the plasma periphery. This means the existence of a mechanism which is able to pump out the ashes in the fuel plasma because of the momentum conservation of whole plasma particles.
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Hidenori Akiyama, Osamu Matsumoto, Susumu Takeda
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1728-1733
Published: November 15, 1978
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The suppression of the plasma loss at a mirror end has been observed by using the electric field in a resonant cavity with the frequency comparable to the electron plasma frequency. When the power is applied to the cavity, the plasma density decreases at a mirror end and increases at the mirror center. The temperature of the plasma does not change with the r.f. field. These phenomena are theoretically explained by the mirror effect and ponderomotive force of the r.f. field.
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Akira Yoshizawa
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1734-1740
Published: November 15, 1978
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Kolmogorov’s −5⁄3 power law is examined by using the formalism of paper I (J. Phys. Soc. Japan
44 (1978) 1977), which gives an equation for the distortion motion of small eddies. The formalism is combined with the direct-interaction approximation (DIA), and a modified geometrical factor is introduced in order to avoid the infrared divergence of the response integral. It is shown that Kolmogorov’s law may be derived with a good estimate of Kolmogorov’s constant.
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Ryogo Hirota, Junkichi Satsuma
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1741-1750
Published: November 15, 1978
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Superposition formulae for soliton solutions are constructed from the Bäcklund transformation. The nonlinear evolution equations concerned are the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), Boussinesq, two-dimensional KdV, modified KdV, Sine-Gordon and Toda equations. It is shown that the superposition formulae have a common simple structure when they are written in the bilinear forms.
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Toshio Miyagi
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1751-1755
Published: November 15, 1978
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The critical Reynolds number is discussed at which a standing vortex-pair first appears behind a flat plate set normal to steady viscous uniform flow. The size of the vortex-pair at small Reynolds numbers is evaluated by making use of the 7th approximate solution of the Oseen equation and the result is compared with existing experimental data.
It is also shown that the vorticity is zero everywhere on the plate to the lowest order of the Reynolds number expansion. A next order local solution of the Navier-Stokes equation is considered in the vicinity of the edge of the plate. From these analysis, it is concluded that the critical Reynolds number in question is zero and the flow separates at the edges of the plate at any small but finite Reynolds number.
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Shoichi Wakiya
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1756-1763
Published: November 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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When there is a linear shear flow along a plane wall with a cylindrical depression, flow penetrating into the cavity separates from the wall, if the ratio of the depth of the cavity to the width of its mouth exceeds a critical value which is about 0.32. The pressure becomes infinite at the sharp edges of the cavity, while for the flow over a projection the pressure is a continuous function which on the boundary has two extremum values symmetrically about the cylindrical portion. As another example of separation in Stokes flows, the flow generated by the rotation of a circular cylinder which is eccentrically encircled with a larger cylinder or placed near a plane is considered.
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Masami Fujita, Nobuhito Ohno, Kaizo Nakamura
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1764
Published: November 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Yuji Kodama, Tosiya Taniuti
1978 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages
1765
Published: November 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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