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Masa-Katsu Fujimoto, Hiromasa Hirakawa
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
703-706
Published: March 15, 1979
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The sensitivity of resonant antennas for continuous gravitational radiation emitted from a coherent source is discussed. Fourier integration of the antenna output over an extended period results in a signal-to-noise ratio proportional to the quality factor of the antenna. This holds true even for an antenna with an extremely large quality factor which has an antenna decay time longer than the available observation time. The method of cold damping is useful in this connection, increasing the bandwidth of the antenna without losing its sensitivity.
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Akira Okihana, Noboru Fujiwara, Hitoshi Nakamura-Yokota, Takuji Yanabu ...
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
707-714
Published: March 15, 1979
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The differential cross sections for the D(d, d)D, D(d, p)T and D(d,
3He)n reactions were measured at 13.2 MeV. The angular distributions of the differential cross sections were obtained from 12° to 90° in the c.m. system for the elastic scattering, from 3.6° to 90° for (d, p) and from 6.0° to 90° for (d,
3He). The differential cross sections for the (d, n) reaction, deduced from the data on the (d,
3He) reaction, coincide with those for the (d, p) reaction over the whole experimental angles.
Analyses were made with the DWBA theory. The differential cross sections for the elastic scattering were well reproduced by using the optical model potential with the Majorana exchange term.
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Yoshiaki Kato, Kazumasa Miyano, Yasushi Kawada
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
715-720
Published: March 15, 1979
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In
117Sn
m an
E5 γ transition between the 314.2 keV (11/2
−) and the ground (1/2
+) states was observed by using a Compton suppression spectrometer. Its branching ratio was found to be (4.9±1.1)×10
−6. A
B(
E5) value obtained here is (2.9±0.6)×10
4 e2fm
10. An effective charge of the
E5 γ transition was deduced to be (0.23±0.03)
e in Weisskopf estimate. This is of the same magnitude as those in
113Cd
m and
123Te
m. In the single particle unit the effective charge was obtained to be (0.089±0.010)
e by using the 1
h11⁄2 and 3
s1⁄2 wave functions deduced from the Woods-Saxon potential. A core polarization charge due to the 5
− state at 2367 keV in
116Sn was calculated to be 0.11
e, by taking into accounts of the effects due to the pairing.
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Hideki Yamazaki, Yoshitsugu Oono, Kazuyoshi Hirakawa
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
721-728
Published: March 15, 1979
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The chemical turbulence of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction theoretically expected by Kuramoto and Yamada was experimentally studied. The turbulence is caused by the coupling between diffusion and nonlinear reaction, i.e., a diffusion induced chaos. Qualitative features of the turbulence are as follows: (1) the turbulence is characterized by frequent growth and decay of plural modes, (2) the alternation of modes corresponds to the irregular variation of the amplitude, (3) the extent of disorder varies gradually with controllable parameters and there seems to be no discontinuity between turbulent and ordered phases.
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Takehiko Oguchi, Yohtaro Ueno
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
729-735
Published: March 15, 1979
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A statistical theory of the random ordered phase, proposed by Ueno and Oguchi, is discussed in the quenched random site model with two kinds of atoms, which is ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic in the pure limits, respectively. The theory would be applicable to the mixed K
2Cu
xFe
1−xF
4.
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Fusayoshi J. Ohkawa
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
736-743
Published: March 15, 1979
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An effective mass theory for explaining valley splittings is formulated in the representation where kinetic parts are diagonalized. The theory is applied to
n-channel inversion layers of Si. When intervalley matrix elements of the inversion layer potential are correctly included, the theory is shown to be the same as the Ohkawa and Uemura theory, which takes the representation where potential parts are diagonalized. It is also shown that other previous effective mass theories for valley splittings include only a part of intervalley matrix elements given by the present paper. Application of the present theory to donor states in Si is briefly discussed.
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Hidetoshi Miike, Yoshio Ebina
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
744-747
Published: March 15, 1979
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The time course of the electrical current and the induced patterns are simultaneously observed in a nematic liquid crystal
MBBA (
p-
methoxybenziliden p–
n butylaniline) under the applied
ac-field. Above the critical field, we find a damped oscillation of the current and the successive changes of the corresponding flow-patterns. The patterns have the characteristic figure and size of the intermediate states to be stable for the respective magnitudes of the applied field. The patterns are clear and regular at the peak value of the current. Such repetition of the regular and distorted patterns might suggest a key understanding the mechanism of the self-organization in the system far from equilibrium.
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Toyonori Munakata
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
748-755
Published: March 15, 1979
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It is well-known that a Fokker-Planck equation, which governs time evolution of a distribution function of a Brownian particle in μ-space, can be reduced to a diffusion equation, the so-called Smoluchowski equation, in coordinate space after relaxation in momentum space is established. In this paper new derivations of the Smoluchowski equation are given. One is based on a multiple time scale (MTS) method and the other on a projection operator (PO) method. Emphasis is put on the MTS method since it has the advantage of displaying the physics of the relaxation processes contained in the kinetic equation. This aspect of the MTS method is further elucidated by our derivation of a (linearized) Navier-Stokes equation from a conserving Fokker-Planck equation.
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Teruo Matsushita, Toshirou Tanaka, Kaoru Yamafuji
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
756-763
Published: March 15, 1979
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The internal magnetic-field profile was investigated for a superconducting Pb-20%Tl rod by a modified Campbell method. A large surface current was observed and it can be interpreted as carried by dislocation cells in the surface region. The shear modulus of the fluxoid lattice was estimated directly from the stress-strain relation in the reversible range of the ac field, and it was found agreeable with Labusch’s expression derived for the point pins. The pinning mechanism in the present specimen is investigated and an expression of the pinning force density is derived for the existence of dense pinning-centres. The obtained magnetic-field dependence of the pinning force density agrees well with the observed data.
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Teruo Matsushita, Kaoru Yamafuji
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
764-771
Published: March 15, 1979
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The magnetic flux distribution in a nonideal type 2 superconductor during the decrease of an external magnetic field below the lower critical field
Hc1 is discussed by the use of a modified critical-state model. The modification of the model is carried out by a semi-macroscopic investigation on the local force balance around trapped fluxoids in this field region. The present model leads to the magnetization curve which agrees well with the experimental data by Kes
et al.
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Atsushi Nakagawa, Takashi Koguchi, Kiyomi Okamoto, Mitsuru Awano
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
772-777
Published: March 15, 1979
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Fluctuation-induced conductivity (FIC) in indium films containing paramagnetic impurities (gadolinium) is investigated. The FIC is well described as the sum of the Aslamazov-Larkin (AL) term, the Maki-Thompson (MT) term and the third term. The sum of the AL term and the MT term is insufficient to express the FIC. The pair-breaking parameter δ depends not only on the normal state sheet resistance but also on the concentration of gadolinium impurities in the manner predicted by Thompson. Experimental data are analysed also by the use of the formulae proposed by one of the present authors (K.O) in which the magnetic impurity effect is explicitly taken into account.
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Nobuo Iwata, Hironobu Fujii, Tetsuhiko Okamoto
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
778-783
Published: March 15, 1979
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Measurements of magnetization were carried out at temperatures from 4.2 to 200 K on the single crystals of Mn
1−xFe
xP compounds for
x≤0.15 and magnetic susceptibilities have been measured on polycrystals of Mn
1−xFe
xP and Mn
1−xCr
xP compound systems. The Mn
1−xFe
xP compounds for
x<0.12 and Mn
1−xCr
xP compounds for
x<0.06 show antiferromagnetism at low temperatures and ferromagnetism at high temperatures and the antiferro-ferromagnetic transition temperature increases with incerasing
x for the former system and decreases for the latter system. The Mn
1−xFe
xP compounds for 0.12≤
x≤1 and Mn
1−xCr
xP for 0.06≤
x≤0.55 have only antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism, respectively. The magnetization curves for the single crystal compounds were analyzed on the basis of the theory of Hiyamizu and Nagamiya.
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Ad Lagendijk
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
784-786
Published: March 15, 1979
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We discuss some general aspects of the satellite lines in the magnetic resonance spectra of low-dimensional paramagnets. We point out that the so called 3ω
0-transition does not appear in a first-order treatment.
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Takeo Nagamiya
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
787-792
Published: March 15, 1979
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The Fourier-transformed exchange matrix for the crystalline structure of Mn
3Sn and Mn
3Ge is analyzed in the case of a propagation vector parallel to the hexagonal principal axis and two modes of spin ordering are predicted, a helix of ferromagnetic basal net planes and a helix of triangular basal net planes. The effect of anisotropy energies is studied for the triangular spin ordering with zero propagation vector to uniquely determine the spin configuration and to account for the observation. Triangular helix, observed in Mn
3Sn at low temperatures, is also discussed.
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Yasuhiko Syono, Atsuko Ito, Osamu Horie
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
793-801
Published: March 15, 1979
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Homogeneous glasses of iron-rich BaO–Fe
2O
3 system (39–63 mol% Fe
2O
3) with a small amount of B
2O
3 are prepared by a splat cooling technique. Mössbauer spectra are measured from room temperature to 4.2 K. The room temperature spectrum of the glass with Fe
2O
3/BaO<1 consists of a simple paramagnetic doublet, indicating that the glass is formed by Fe
3+O
4 tetrahedral network of fairly uniform configurations. At 4.2 K, a well resolved hyperfine sextet is observed with the internal field of 450 kOe. The magnetic ordering temperature determined from temperature variation of hyperfine spectrum is 70 K, which is by an order of magnitude lower than that of the corresponding crystalline phase. No evidence for superparamagnetism is observed. The magnetic structure of the glass is suggested to be of short-range antiferromagnetism. Both paramagnetic and hyperfine spectra of the glass with Fe
2O
3/BaO>1 are interpreted to consist of the spectra of tetrahedral and octahedral Fe
3+ ions.
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Satoshi Haneda, Yasuo Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Watanabe, Noriaki Kazama
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
802-805
Published: March 15, 1979
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The relation between the magnetic moment and the lattice constant of the compounds MnAs substituted by P or Sb is investigated by the magnetic measurement under high magnetic field and X-ray diffraction. From the experimental data, it is confirmed that the low spin state is stable below
TN (Néel temperature), and the low spin to high spin transition accompanied by large anisotropic change of the lattice constants occurs above
TN by substituting P to As in a wide range of composition exceeding 3%. Our conclusion is that this anisotropic change is related to that of the electron configuration.
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Yasuo Endoh, Yasuhisa Noda
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
806-814
Published: March 15, 1979
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The phonon dispersion of a single crystal of ferromagnetic Invar alloy, Fe
65Ni
35 has been measured along the high symmetry directions at several temperatures in the small momentum region,
q≤0.35 Å
−1, by the inelastic neutron scattering. Marked softening of the [110]
T1 and [111]
T acoustic modes is found below the Curie temperature,
Tc=499±2 K. On the contrary, temperature dependent character of the longitudinal modes is quite normal such that their elastic constants increase upon cooling. These results present a striking contrast to the ultrasonic results, which show the anomalous depression for [110]
L mode near
Tc.
Zero sound anomaly of the transverse mode in the Fe
65Ni
35 alloy is well interpreted by the coupling of the transverse phonons and the electrons of the 3d band. The specific relation between the elastic softening and the Invar properties is discussed.
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Takashi Akahane, Toshinobu Chiba, Nobuo Tsuda
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
815-821
Published: March 15, 1979
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The angular distributions of photon pairs from positrons annihilating in ReO
3 single crystals were measured along three principal crystallographic directions. The observed curves showed marked structures and anisotropies. A comparison with simple models indicates that main features of these structures and anisotropies can be attributed to the shape of the Fermi surface and the higher momentum components which reflect
t2g character of the conduction electrons in this compound.
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Hiroshi Katayama, Kiyoyuki Terakura, Junjiro Kanamori
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
822-830
Published: March 15, 1979
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A detailed calculation is presented of the electronic structure of an impurity atom of boron in ferromagnetic nickel for the purpose of analysing the recent experimental data of NMR of
12B. Observed two NMR signals are identified as arising from
12B at the octahedral interstitial and substitutional sites, respectively, on the basis of the calculation of the hyperfine field
Hhf and the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time
T1. The calculation predicts a general interrelation among the sign and magnitude of
Hhf, the temperature dependence of
Hhf and
T1, which seems to be confirmed by the data on boron and also by those on other impurity atoms. The decrease of the saturation magnetization of nickel caused by an impurity atom of boron is quantitatively discussed also.
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Hideo Hasegawa
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
831-838
Published: March 15, 1979
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We calculate the frequency-dependent electrical resistivity,
R(ω), of nearly and weakly ferromagnetic metals by applying the Mori formula to the two-band model. Because of the scattering due to spin fluctuations, the complex resistivity at low temperatures has a pronounced frequency dependence, which yields the notable enhancement of the optical mass and the significant deviation from the Drude formula of the conductivity. It is suggested that optical measurements in the far-infrared region may provide a valuable tool for probing the spin-fluctuation spectrum,
D(ω), which is shown to be expressed at
T=0 K by
D(ω)=(
Nse2⁄
m)×[2∂
R′(ω)⁄∂ω+ω∂
2R′(ω)⁄∂ω
2], where
R′(ω) is the real part of
R(ω) and is obtainable by the optical experiment.
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Hitoshi Yasunaga, Kenichi Kasai, Kenichi Takeya
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
839-845
Published: March 15, 1979
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Photoconductive properties (photoresponse, dependences of photocurrent on temperature and light intensity, etc.) of lead phthalocyanine single crystal doped with various levels of oxygen were measured and the role of oxygen in the generation and the recombination of photocarriers was studied. Experimental results are explained on the model that a hole-like carrier is indirectly photo-generated via the charge transfer state at an oxygen center and recombines with the ionized oxygen.
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Naoki Kishimoto, Kazuo Morigaki
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
846-854
Published: March 15, 1979
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Metal-nonmetal transition in amorphous Si–Au system has been investigated by means of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power. It is found that the Au atoms act as acceptors and form a narrow band in pseudo-gap of amorphous Si. The metal-nonmetal transition occurs at
x=14% and is assigned to the Anderson transition. In the nonmetallic region, the transport is dominated by the variable range hopping conduction in the lower temperature range and by the ambipolar conduction in the host band in the higher temperature range.
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Fusayoshi J. Ohkawa
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
855-860
Published: March 15, 1979
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Interference effects of
Γ and
X electric-break-throughs in vicinal planes of Si (100)
n-channel inversion layers are investigated by the use of the extended zone effective mass equation due to Ohkawa and Uemura. The surface band structure proposed by Tsui
et al. is well explained by the interference effects. It is predicted that mini-gaps except the second lowest lying one have a large dependence on an azimuthal component of tilting angles.
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P. H. Fang
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
861-863
Published: March 15, 1979
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Two relaxation dispersion functions which give Cole-Cole arc in Argand diagram but with different dispersion functions from that of Cole and Cole are proved to be inconsistent with a general theory of relaxation dispersion. Therefore, an earlier result of isomorphism of Cole-Cole dispersion function with its representation is re-affirmed.
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Masaru Kawaminami, Toshikazu Hirose
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
864-870
Published: March 15, 1979
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The irreducible representations of normal modes of WO
3 are presented at the points
Γ,
X,
M and
R in or on the Brillouin zone of the hypothetic cubic phase. The atomic displacements at each phase are decomposed into the normal modes referring to the diffraction data. The normal modes concerned with W atoms condense at all the transition points except for the orthorhombic-monoclinic transition, where a linear combination of three rotational modes of WO
6 octahedra,
R25x+
R25z+
M3y, condenses.
Antiferrodistortive structures in the phases above room temperature are due to the condensations of the
M,
X and
R modes. Ferridistortive structure in the monoclinic (II) phase is due to the condensation of both
Γ15z and
M3′z modes. WO
3 is shown to have
ferridistortive structures with first-order successive phase transitions.
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Akikatsu Sawada, Tomoyuki Kikugawa, Yoshihiro Ishibashi
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
871-875
Published: March 15, 1979
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Dielectric properties of Ca
2Ba(C
2H
5CO
2)
6 single crystals have been studied at hydrostatic pressure of about 0.9 kbar. It has been found that the high-pressure phase V is ferroelectric.
D-
E hysteresis loop at 60 Hz is observed only on annealed specimens, but not on as-grown crystals. It is suggested that the ferroelectric phase V of Ca
2Ba(C
2H
5CO
2)
6 corresponds to those well-known ferroelectric phases II of Ca
2Sr(C
2H
5CO
2)
6 and Ca
2Pb(C
2H
5CO
2)
6 which are realized at atmospheric pressure.
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Tomomasa Emoto, Hiroshi Motegi, Eiji Nakamura
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
876-880
Published: March 15, 1979
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The real part ε′ and the imaginary part ε″ of the complex dielectric constant of TGS powders have been measured precisely at 1 kHz as functions of temperature from 40°C to 58°C. Powders separated into different particle sizes using sieves ranging from 25 μm to 210 μm in mesh size were used as specimens. A well defined peak of ε′ at 49°C (
Tc), indicating ferroelectric phase transition, was observed on the specimen with particle size less than 25 μm, as well as on the specimens with larger particle sizes. The thickness of the nonferroelectric surface layer should be far smaller than 20 μm, the thickness reported by Mansingh and Bawa. Both components of the complex dielectric constant showed remarkable particle size dependence. Behaviors of ε′ and ε″ below
Tc are explained by considering the domain wall motion, and the origin of ε″ above
Tc is attributed to the ionic conduction.
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Akira Sakai, Yasushiro Nishioka, Hideji Suzuki
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
881-888
Published: March 15, 1979
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The plastic flow in bcc
3He was investigated by the same method as that used for hcp
4He in a previous paper. The flow stress in bcc
3He is smaller than that of hcp
4He roughly by an order of magnitude. In contrast to hcp
4He it is difficult to observe the yield drop at the initial stage of the plastic deformation in bcc
3He. The observed results are analysed as shear flow of polycrystalline aggregates. At high strain rates the shear flow takes place by the operation of three pencil glide systems, and below a certain strain rate it proceeds by the pencil glide on two systems and climb of the dislocations of the systems. The strain rate dependence of the flow stress suggests that dislocations move at a constant velocity independent of the flow rate.
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Yoshifumi Ueda, Toshiaki Fujita, Yukio Kazumata, Masato Nishi
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
889-892
Published: March 15, 1979
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Br
2− molecular ions in simple cubic CsBr produced with
60Co γ-rays at liquid nitrogen temperature have been studied by EPR. EPR spectra have been analyzed in terms of the usual spin-Hamiltonian on the assumption of axial symmetry of the molecular ions. The parameters are determined to be
g⁄⁄=1.9824,
g⊥=2.171,
A⁄⁄=432.8 G and
A⊥=73.0 G for the
81Br
2− molecular ion by using the value of 28.5 G for the nuclear quadrupole term. These molecular ions decayed thermally above 165 K.
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Hirohito Fukutani, Goro Kuwabara
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
893-901
Published: March 15, 1979
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Piezoreflectivity of graphite has been measured between 3 and 6 eV. The piezospectrum is interpreted as arising from three transitions relevant to the optical spectrum, M
1 transition at 3.8 eV, degenerate M
1, M
2 transitions at 4.5 eV, and M
2 transition at 5.2 eV. These energies yield γ
1−γ
3=0.35 eV and γ
0=2.26 eV as the band parameters along the M–L line in the Brillouin zone. The strain coefficients of the parameters are obtained as,
Δγ
0⁄γ
0≅53 per unit strain in the basal plane and
Δγ
1⁄γ
1≅
Δγ
3⁄γ
3≅37 per unit strain along the
c-axis.
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Masanori Hangyo, Riso Kato
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
902-907
Published: March 15, 1979
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The polarized spectra of the triplet absorption in AgNa(NO
2)
2 have been investigated in the temperature range of −265∼70°C. The intensity of the
E⁄⁄
b absorption decreases remarkably when the temperature is raised and approaches to
Tc. Above
Tc, it remains constant and is about 30% of the value at sufficiently low temperatures. The intensity of the
E⊥
b absorption shows no significant change near
Tc. These results are discussed in comparison with those in AgNO
2 and NaNO
2. Discussions are also given on the temperature dependence of the triplet absorption and the phase transition in AgNa(NO
2)
2.
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Hidenobu Hori, Hiroshi Mollymoto, Muneyuki Date
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
908-913
Published: March 15, 1979
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The Zeeman effect of R-absorption lines in ruby was observed in a high pulsed magnetic field up to 520 kOe using an optical multichannel analyzer. The experiment was done under a thermal equilibrium condition (
T=130 K) and the Zeeman line intensity is satisfactorily explained. When a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the C
3-axis, the excited \barE and 2\barA states show a level mixing and the observed pattern indicates a clear Paschen-Back effect The observed
g⁄⁄-values of the excited states are −2.49±0.05 and 1.49±0.05 for \barE and 2\barA, respectively.
g⊥-values for these levels were estimated to be smaller than 0.1 at 500 kOe.
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Hisataka Takenaka, Hikaru Terauchi, Asako Kawamori
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
914-918
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X-ray scattering intensities from thiourea, SC(NH
2)
2, have been carefully measured in several phases. Measurements of the diffuse scattering intensity near the point (0, 6, 0) were performed above
Tc=169 K for
c*-direction and
b*-direction. The result suggests that the ferroelectric transition at
Tc is due to the lattice instability of the transverse optical mode. The scattering intensity around (0, 6, δ) observed just above
Tm=202 K shows a strong anisotropy elongating along the
c*-direction.
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Tetsuo Nagata
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
919-926
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Charge changing collisions leading to negative ion formation have been studied for H
+, C
+, O
+ and S
+ ion beams passing through vapors of Cs, K and Na. Collision cell method is used, and the energy range studied is from 0.5 keV to 5.0 keV. Fractions of outgoing particles in three charge states 1, 0 and −1 have been determined as a function of target atom thickness
Π (atoms/cm
2). Except the hydrogen case, the fractions of negative ions at very thick targets are as high as 53 to 95% of the total beam. The maximum conversion coefficients of primary positive ions into negative ions have also been determined. The result shows that except the hydrogen case, cesium is the most efficient target in the energy range studied and converts 29% of C
+ ions, 24% of O
+ ions and 15% of S
+ ions into negative ions at the optimum energies and
Π values.
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Nobuyuki Toshima
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
927-936
Published: March 15, 1979
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The Born cross sections for the charge transfer processes involving highly excited hydrogen atoms are expressed in closed forms for
s-
s and
s-
p transfers. In the calculation of the transition matrix elements, we have made use of the sum rules of the atomic wave functions in the momentum space derived from the Coulomb Green function. The momentum transfer effect of the electron is important and cannot be neglected throughout the energy range where the Born approximation is valid. We have also obtained an approximate expression for the cross section σ(
n→
n′) averaged over the initial azimuthal and magnetic quantum numbers and summed over the final ones. The averaged cross section satisfies a scaling law in the resonance case
n=
n′, that is, σ
n(
E)=
n4σ
1s(
n2E). Applications will be given in the subsequent paper.
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Hideo Suzuki, Hiroki Kitajima, Ken Ishikawa
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
937-943
Published: March 15, 1979
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To examine the effect of methyl groups on the optical absorption of retinal in ethanol solution, the π-electronic states of desmethyl retinals are calculated by extending our previous LCAO–ASMO–SCF–CI method to include 2
pz- and pseudo π-orbitals in methyl branches of polyene chain. The effect of ethanol solvent is also taken into account in the two ways: (1) the effect is assumed to be implicitly included into the parameters of calculation; (2) the interaction of retinal with its neighboring ethanol molecule is explicitly calculated regarding ethanol as a point-dipole. It is thus shown that the observed λ
max’s of desmethyl retinals with all-
trans, 9-
cis or 11-
cis form can reasonably be explained by taking account of the change in structure due to the substitution of methyl group(s) by hydrogen atom(s).
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Masanori Sakuranaga, Kei Nakachi, Hideo Suzuki
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
944-951
Published: March 15, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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To calculate the optical absorption of formamide and its related compounds, the INDO method for valence-shell electrons is extended to include the change in valence-state electron configurations. All the molecular integrals are parametrized as functions of electron densities. The singlet states of those amides are then determined with a due account of CI, including all the singly-excited and the simultaneous doubly-excited configurations. It is thus shown for formamide that the lowest four transitions can be assigned as
n-π
*, NV
1,
n′-π
* and NV
2, and that the calculated absorption agrees with the observation. It is also shown from the calculation on related compounds that the methyl substitution of hydrogen atom(s) exerts a considerable influence on NV
1- and NV
2-transition, and that the calculated directions of NV
1-transition moment are in a satisfactory agreement with the observed ones.
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Yoshiaki Hioki, Takayoshi Okuda
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
952-959
Published: March 15, 1979
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Flute mode oscillations are excited in a single-ended Q-machine plasma by applying three phase voltage to electron emissive grids (coated with BaO) heated by the thermal radiation from the hot plate. Synchronous quenching is also observed: A relation
a2+α
b2=const. is obtained between the amplitudes
a and
b of the spontaneous and excited flute modes (whose frequencies are
f0 and
fex), respectively. The factor α depends on the frequency discrepancy and the position of observation: α=0.17 and 0.3 for (
f0−
fex)⁄
f0=0.28 and 0.13, respectively.
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Noboru Nakano, Tadashi Sekiguchi
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
960-969
Published: March 15, 1979
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Experimental as well as Computer Simulation studies have been systematically performed on the spontaneous generation of magnetic fields associated with laser-produced plasmas from massive solid targets in vacuum. The experimental studies have been performed by employing a pulsed ruby-laser beam, aluminum plane target and magnetic probe(s) located in the vicinity of target surface to measure generated magnetic fields. Numbers of new interesting facts have been found experimentally on the time evolution of spatial distribution of magnetic field generated, and possible physical interpretations for them are given. The comparisons of our experimental results are made with those from our computer simulations, as well as with the other experimental results which have been performed in the existence of background gases, rather than in vacuum.
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Kazuhiro Nozaki, Toshiya Taniuti
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
970-974
Published: March 15, 1979
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The present paper deals with a weakly nonlinear wave propagating along a slender magnetized plasma of high β and shows that a compressive area-wave as well as a rarefaction wave propagates into the plasma due to the mirror effect. The steepening of the compression wave is balanced with a dispersion caused by a radial motion and a solitary wave is formed.
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Shobu Kaneko
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
975-982
Published: March 15, 1979
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Several functionals, whose Euler-Lagrange equations are the kinetic equations for the velocity-distribution functions, are derived. The extremal values of these functionals are proved to be proportional to the Ohm conductivity σ
I or to the Hall conductivity σ
II. The complementary variational principles for σ
I and σ
II, which give both lower and upper bounds, are derived by use of these functionals. These principles are applied to a plasma composed of electrons and singly charged positive ions. The results of computations by use of simple trial functions show that the complementary variational principles derived in this paper are very useful.
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Kazuhiro Nozaki, Toshiya Taniuti, Kunihiko Watanabe
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
983-990
Published: March 15, 1979
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In the present paper it is shown that solitons are formed and propagate in a convective motion of a low-β plasma in the presence of a weak static electric field normal to an applied magnetic field. The theory is based on a model equation of Hasegawa and Mima and also on the two-dimensional ion-fluid equation with a Boltzmann distribution from which the model equation is derived, both of which are reduced to the Korteweg-de Vries equation.
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Kazuhiro Nozaki, Tosiya Taniuti, Kunihiko Watanabe
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
991-1001
Published: March 15, 1979
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The present paper shows that in a plane normal to an applied magnetic field, envelope solitary vortices comprising convective cells of small scale propagate through a nonuniform bounded plasma of low β as envelope solitons of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It is shown further that the modulational instability is enhanced resonantly for certain wavenumbers and vortices of large scale is excited by the ponderomotive force. Discussions are based on the model equation of Hasegawa and Mima that is the geostrophic vortex equation, and a generation of zonal flows by the Rossby wave is noted.
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Takayasu Tanaka
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
1002-1007
Published: March 15, 1979
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General natures of steady motions in one-dimensional nonlinear lattices are studied. Each constituting atom is then assumed to interact only with its nearest neighbors.
One of the conclusions is that the Toda lattice is very special in the sense that the degree of freedom of steady wave in it is less restrictive than those of other nonlinear lattices.
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Tutomu Kawata, Nobuyuki Kobayashi, Hiroshi Inoue
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
1008-1015
Published: March 15, 1979
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By using the inverse scattering method the soliton solutions are examined analytically and numerically under both (I) vanishing and (II) nonvanishing conditions. The two-soliton solution for (I) shows that two solitons collide as if they were particles. For the case (II) there appears a “paired soliton” which generally pulsates with a period (“pulsative soliton”) but degenerates to a stationary one (“pure soliton”) in a limited case. There exist two types of pure solitons, envelope bright and dark solitons, between which some cases of collisions are examined. The collision between solitons of same types is similar to that of (I), while the other collisions are different from the previous case.
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Masaaki Doi, Ryouichi Kambe, Tsutomu Imamura, Tosiya Taniuti
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
1016-1021
Published: March 15, 1979
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Two-time correlation function of the time-dependent ideal random function is obtained as exp [−ω
k2(
t1−
t2)
2⁄2] where ω
k is determined by means of a function which governs the time development of the ideal random function. The result compares well with the width of the frequency spectrum of the pseudo-three dimensional electrostatic plasma turbulence in a uniform, loss-less, magnetized plasma, and also with a numerical simulation for a plasma diffusion normally across a magnetic field
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Seio Sengoku, Masayuki Nagami, Hikosuke Maeda, Satoshi Kasai, Toshihik ...
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
1022
Published: March 15, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Toshinobu Soma, Kinya Kudo
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
1023
Published: March 15, 1979
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Seishi Kikuta, Toshio Takahashi, Kan Nakayama, Yasuhiko Fujii, Sadao H ...
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
1024
Published: March 15, 1979
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Yasuki Nagai, Tokushi Shibata, Hideyuki Sakai, Tadafumi Kishimoto, Hir ...
1979 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
1025-1026
Published: March 15, 1979
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The median spin
Im of the ground state band levels and the γ-ray multiplicity
Mγ of residual nuclei produced by equilibrium and preequilibrium Dy(α, xn) reactions were found to be nearly constant as the incident α energy increases beyond ∼60 MeV. Neutrons emitted forward at the pre-equilibrium stage carry away large fraction of the angular momenta.
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