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Shigeru Kakigi, Kiyoji Fukunaga, Takao Ohsawa, Seiji Tanaka, Akira Oki ...
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1797-1803
Published: June 15, 1980
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Kinematically complete experiments were made for the
4He(α, αd)
2H reaction at an incident energy of 119 MeV to investigate excited states of
4He. In the coincident energy spectra, bumps were observed at the energies corresponding to the excitations of 25.5 MeV, 27.8 MeV, 29.7 MeV, 31.7 MeV and 35.3 MeV. In the excitation range from 28 MeV to 40 MeV, the angular correlations were fitted with the Legendre polynomials and compared with theoretical distributions based on two-step reaction mechanism. For the last three bumps mentioned above, the spins and parities are assigned as
Jπ=2
+, 2
+ (1
−) and 2
+, respectively.
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Kayoko Isagawa, Koichi Nakayama, Yukiyasu Oda
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1804-1811
Published: June 15, 1980
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A high resolution study of the resonances in the
26Mg(p, p) and
26Mg(p, γ) reactions was made. The (p, p) excitation functions were measured at four angles in the energy range from 1.9 to 4.0 MeV with the overall energy resolution of 400∼800 eV. The resonance parameters were determined with multi-level R-matrix analysis. The (p, γ) excitation function was measured at energies from 1.60 MeV to 3.95 MeV with the energy resolution of 2∼3 keV. Angular distributions and branching ratios of γ-rays were measured at 24 resonances. Among the resonances observed, candidates of nine analogue resonances corresponding to the 5th-16th excited states of
27Mg have been looked for, and five sets of fragmented analogues are identified. Spectroscopic factors
Spp in the (p, p) reaction were obtained. They are compared with the
Sdp measured by the (d, p) reaction. The Coulomb displacement energies are discussed.
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Hajime Ohnuma, Jirohta Kasagi, Fumio Kakimoto, Shigeru Kubono, Katsuji ...
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1812-1820
Published: June 15, 1980
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The angular distributions for the (p, d) transitions leading to the 4.30-MeV (5/2
−) and 6.48-MeV (7/2
−) states in
11C, 2.05-MeV (7/2
+) state in
23Mg, 2.16-MeV (7/2
+) state in
27Si, 3.64-MeV (9/2
−) state in
39Ca, and 1.08-MeV (9/2
−) and 1.56-MeV (11/2
−) states in
49Cr have been measured at
Ep=52 MeV. They are forbidden within the frame work of simple shell-model configurations and one-step DWBA theory. All the angular distribution shapes are satisfactorily reproduced by CCBA calculations in which inelastic couplings both in the initial and final channels are considered. The CCBA calculations also give the cross section magnitudes reasonably well; calculated values are within 30% of the experimental values except two cases. The calculated cross sections for the 9/2
− state of
39Ca and the 11/2
− state of
49Cr are roughly a factor of two too large. Possible origins of such discrepancies are discussed.
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Susumu Kurihara
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1821-1828
Published: June 15, 1980
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A nonlinear amplitude-phase interaction Hamiltonian is derived for charge-density-wave (CDW) systems from the microscopic Fröhlich model. A perturbative formalism with the small parameter 1/\sqrtμ (μ is the dimensionless mass parameter of a CDW) is presented, and illustrated by calculating the amplitude-mode spectrum in one dimension. The calculation gives, without adjustable parameters, a quantitative explanation of the temperature dependence of the damping constant observed in KCP by Raman experiments. This result, together with the calculation of the metallic conductivity of TTF–TCNQ (S. Kurihara: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
44 (1978) 2011.), shows the importance of the nonlinear amplitude-phase interactions in CDW systems. It is suggested that some other dynamical degrees of freedom (most probably the motion of water molecules) should be taken into account to understand the behavior of the amplitude-mode frequency in KCP.
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Makoto Ueda, Huzio Nakano
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1829-1835
Published: June 15, 1980
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By assuming the nearest and second neighbour pair interactions and also three body one among nearest neighbours, the phase transition in the alloy of two components, say A and B, on the f.c.c. lattice is investigated. The expressions for free energies in the cases of AB type and A
3B type superstructures are obtained by means of the symmetry breaking potential method and the transition termperatures are calculated as functions of the mole fraction from those expressions. Phase diagrams in various cases of coupling parameters are, thus, obtained, where the asymmetry with A and B also appears as the effect of three body coupling in accordance with experiments.
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Yukio Okwamoto
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1836-1840
Published: June 15, 1980
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Effect of the commensurability energy on the fluctuating incommensurate state in Frank and van der Merwe’s one-dimensional monolayer model is investigated exactly by means of the transfer integral method. The temperature dependence of various physical quantities are calculated numerically for the cases where the order of the commensurability is 1 and 2. The mean misfit (incommensurability) is determined from the position of the peak in the Fourier transform of the density-density correlation function.
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Hidetoshi Fukuyama
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1841-1852
Published: June 15, 1980
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Quantum effects on the melting temperature triggered by the dislocation mechanism of Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young are estimated for two-dimensional Wigner solid. By use of the Wigner representation for the partition function we evaluated expansion coefficients of the shear modulus in terms of the Planck constant up to the order of h
4. It is shown that there exist two different expansion parameters, h
2⁄
m*r02T and
e2h
2⁄ε
0m*r03T2 where
m*, ε
0,
r0 and
T are effective mass, dielectric constant, average distance and temperature respectively. The result indicates the existence of the maximum of the melting temperature,
TM, at around
n(
aB*⁄
aB)
2∼10
10 cm
−2 with ε
02(
m⁄
m*)
TM∼2 K where
aB and
m are the Bohr radius and the free electron mass and
aB*=
aBε
0m⁄
m* is the effective Bohr radius. Effects of weak magnetic fields are also estimated.
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Hidetoshi Fukuyama, Daijiro Yoshioka
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1853-1860
Published: June 15, 1980
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Melting temperature due to dislocation mechanism of two-dimensional Wigner solid in strong magnetic fields,
H, is estimated as a function of inverse of the field strength. In the limit of strong fields the melting temperature,
TM, is shown to satisfy the classical relation
e2(π
n)
1⁄2⁄ε
0TM=
Γ0 for any electron density,
n. Here ε
0 is the dielectric constant. As the field decreases,
TM gets lower and this field dependence is estimated to the order of
H−2. The result indicates that the region of densities and temperatures is very limited for the existence of the Wigner solid even in strong fields. Combining the present result with the former Hartree-Fock calculations on the critical temperature of the charge density wave instability, we propose a phase diagram of the Si-inversion layer in strong magnetic fields.
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Minoru Takahashi
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1861-1869
Published: June 15, 1980
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Dynamical correlation functions
S(
q, ω)’s are obtained by the use of molecular field approximation for the dynamical plane rotator model:
(
Remark: Graphics omitted.).
Our results are exact in the limit of long range interaction where
Jij is always
J⁄
N and in the limit of infinite
N. Below the critical point
Tc,
S(
q, ω)’s have two peaks corresponding to phonon excitation and sometimes a central peak at ω=0. Above
Tc, however, they have only a central peak at ω=0. At
T=
Tc—, phenomena of critical slowing down are observed.
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Norio Kobayashi, Takako Sasaki, Yoshio Muto
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1870-1878
Published: June 15, 1980
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The temperature and magnetic field dependences of electrical resistivity of four 1T–Ta
1−xTi
xS
2 samples (
x=0.01, 0.03, 0.07 and 0.09) were measured down to 20 mK and up to 90 kOe. In this system, a metal-nonmetal transition occurs at a concentration between
x=0.03 and 0.07. In higher concentration samples (
x=0.07 and 0.09), the electrical resistivity shows the temperature dependence due to the variable-range hopping in the Anderson localized states, while in lower ones (
x=0.01 and 0.03) becomes metallic below 20 K, showing no temperature dependence below 1 K. The large positive magnetoresistance is observed in the temperature range between 10 and 0.1 K and the negative one is found below 0.1 K for higher concentration samples. The magnetoresistance of lower ones increases monotonically with decreasing temperature. These behaviors of the magnetoresistance are understood by the recent Yosida and Fukuyama model.
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Kei Yosida, Hidetoshi Fukuyama
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1879-1884
Published: June 15, 1980
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A phenomenological theory of magnetoresistance near the metal-nonmetal transition due to the Anderson localization is presented, which is the further development of our previous theory in the localized regime. It is shown that in the localized regime the change of the mobility edge as a function of magnetic field together with the Zeeman shift of the Fermi level can lead to the characteristic variations of the magnetoresistance as regards both magnetic field and temperature. In the metallic regime, on the other hand, a large positive magnetoresistance is expected. These theoretical conclusions can explain the recent experimental results by Kobayashi, Sasaki and Muto on 1T–Ta
1−xTi
xS
2 alloys. Discussions are also given in connection to the recent findings by Abrahams
et al. on the Anderson localization in two-dimensions.
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Teruo Matsushita, Kaoru Yamafuji
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1885-1892
Published: June 15, 1980
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A global pinning force in a superconductor with dense pins is calculated by the use of a statistical method. It is taken into account that the value or a compliance for a displacement of fluxoids is much larger than the effective compliance for a local distortion of a fluxoid lattice around pins. For dense pins, it is shown that the pinning efficiency of each pinning centre is reduced remarkably due to a random distribution of pinning centres which are interacting simultaneously with a fluxoid. The present calculation leads to a value of the threshold level of the order of experimental data. The resultant expression of the global pinning force also shows good agreements with experimental data for the magnitude and the dependences on both the pin density and the flux density.
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Masanori Sugahara
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1893-1900
Published: June 15, 1980
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The electrostatic dynamics in nonequilibrium superconducting state is discussed basing on the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation of Kramer and Watts-Tobin. An effort is made in the frame of BCS theory to extend the dynamics to the high frequency region from the inelastic relaxation frequency up to the gap frequency. The results of these theoretical investigations are used to study the ac process in superconducting filaments and microbridges.
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Bunjyu Shinozaki, Tomoyuki Miyazaki, Ryozo Aoki, Shigeru Yamashita, Ma ...
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1901-1907
Published: June 15, 1980
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The critical current density of lead foils carrying a transport current parallel to the layers in laminar structure has been measured by observation of flux domain motion. The pinning force density
Fp is estimated by using the critical state model. The
Fp obeys the scaling law;
Fp=
Hc2(
T)
h(1−
h)
2(
Sp⁄
d+
Bp), where
Hc(
T),
h and
d are the critical magnetic field, the reduced magnetic field and the specimen thickness, respectively;
Sp,
Bp are material constants. The temperature and reduced magnetic field dependences of
Fp are discussed in comparison with a model in which the interaction between dislocation lines and superconducting-normal domain walls is assumed.
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Kazuo Mizuno, Takafumi Aomine
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1908-1913
Published: June 15, 1980
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Critical currents of granular Al bridges with different thicknesses and widths have been measured as a function of temperature. The experimental values of critical current were somewhat smaller than the pair-breaking current in the Ginzburg-Landau theory, being proportional to (
Tc−
T)
3⁄2 near the critical temperature
Tc. In the lower temperature region they became to be proportional to (
Tc−
T). It was found from the temperature and thickness dependences that critical current seems to be governed by the mechanism, different from the pair-breaking one.
Slightly below
Tc, appearance of electrical resistance was observed, depending on the bridge thickness, but not on its width. It is suggested that vortices are thermally activated and their flow generates a voltage.
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Daijiro Yoshioka
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1914-1920
Published: June 15, 1980
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The effects of the electron-hole correlation on the gas-liquid type phase transition and sound attenuation of electron-hole system in a strong magnetic field are investigated in a generalized random phase approximation. It is shown that the effects of the correlation amount to changing the effective interaction constant in a previous theory [D. Yoshioka: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
44 (1978) 363]. Similar calculation of sound attenuation by Kuramoto [Z. Phys. B
35 (1979) 233] is criticized to be inconsistent in the treatment of the Coulomb interaction.
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Makio Uwaha
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1921-1928
Published: June 15, 1980
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Time evolution of the phase separation is investigated. It consists of two stages: nucleation of stable clusters of
4He impurities and succeeding growth of the clusters through quantum diffusion. Master equation for impurity cluster concentration and diffusion equation are analyzed to obtain time variation or the impurity concentration by making use of steady state solutions. Time scale of the separation is determined by the magnitude of diffusion constant and nucleation rate in the steady state, both of which depend strongly on molar volume in the same manner. In contrast with this, the form of time evolution changes as a result of either time lag in the nucleation or density dependence of the diffusion constant.
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Takayuki Aoki, Motohiko Saitoh
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1929-1936
Published: June 15, 1980
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Quasi-classical theory is presented of cyclotron resonance of hot electrons on the liquid
4He, when a magnetic field is applied normal to the surface. The Boltzmann transport equation is solved for the many subband case where the electron-ripplon and electron-He gas interactions are considered as dominant scattering mechanisms. The resonance line-shapes are calculated as functions of the magnetic field and the input microwave power, At low temperature, the line-shape becomes non-Lorentzian consisting of the central narrow peak and the broad background in a certain region of input microwave power, These results are in qualitative agreement with existing experiments.
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Motoyoshi Yuzuri, Ryoichi Tahara, Yoji Nakamura
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1937-1941
Published: June 15, 1980
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The magnetic properties of the iron-arsenic compounds Fe
2As, FeAs and FeAs
2 have been studied with the Mössbauer effect of
57Fe. Fe
2As has a Néel temperature of 353K and its magnetic moments align perpendicularly to the
c-axis. These results are in agreement with the neutron diffraction measurements. The temperature variations of both the quadrupole interaction and the isomer shift suggest the onset of a second-order magnetic transition at the Néel temperature. FaAs
2 shows a doublet associated with quadrupole interactions at 5 K, leading to no magnetic ordering even at low temperatures. The broad absorption spectrum of FeAs at 5 K indicates a magnetic ordering at low temperatures.
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Motohiro Matsuura, Tetsuro Muramatsu, Yoshiaki Wakisaka, Tsuyoshi Naka ...
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1942-1948
Published: June 15, 1980
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The magnetization processes of Ni
xCo
1−xCl
2·6H
2O have been studied in the external field up to 20
T in the temperature range from 4.2 to 1.3 K. The magnetization processes for the systems with 0<
x<0.45 and with 0.75<
x<1 are essentially similar to those for CoCl
2·6H
2O and for NiCl
2·6H
2O, respectively. The effective anisotropy η=
HA⁄
HE decreases toward zero as
x approaches to some intermediate concentration. The features of the magnetization processes in the range 0.5<
x<0.7 are quite different from those of usual antiferromagnet indicating some of characteristics of a random mixture of uniaxial and planer antiferromagnets.
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Yoshio Kitaoka, Hiroshi Yasuoka
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1949-1956
Published: June 15, 1980
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The properties of the spin density fluctuations in the itinerant antiferromagnetic compounds V
3S
4 and V
5S
8 have been investigated in both the paramagnetic and the antiferromagnetic states by using the pulsed NMR technique. Although it has been proposed that V
3S
4 is one of weak itinerant antiferromagnets because of the low ordering temperature, small staggered moment
MQ and the temperature dependence of
MQ, the temperature dependence of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/
T1 are not in accord with the prediction based on the self-consistent renormalization theory of spin fluctuations for weak itinerant antiferromagnets. In V
5S
8, the observed temperature independent process of 1/
T1 in the paramagnetic state and the temperature dependences of the bulk susceptibility and
MQ are not explained from either weakly magnetic limit or localized moment limit, suggesting this material is in the intermediate magnetic regime.
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Hironori Nishihara, Ichimin Shirotani, Nozomu Inoue
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1957-1960
Published: June 15, 1980
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The spin-lattice relaxation time
T1 and the Knight shift
K for
109Ag in Ag
2F have been measured between 4.2 and 77 K at 10.7 MHz. The results
T1T=12.9±1.3 (secK) and
K=+0.38±0.01 (%) are discussed in terms of the modified Korringa relation in the case of a two-dimensional metal. The temperature and frequency dependence of
T1 of
19F was reexamined. The contribution of the Knight shift to the total shift of
19F in Ag
2F is estimated to be 0.025±0.002(%).
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Yasunari Kurihara
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1961-1969
Published: June 15, 1980
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Mixed modes of a phason and a sound wave are studied for the incommensurate charge density wave state. Our model Hamiltonian has two types of electrons. One type satisfies the nesting condition and the other one does not satisfy this condition and its single excitations do not have an energy gap even in the ordered state. The band structure of electrons takes the form of a two dimensional system. Both types of electrons can travel along layers, but can not transit between layers. The energy dispersion of these mixed modes retain a sound wave character in contrast with that of a linear chain model in which every single excitations has a gap. Near
Tc and near
T=0 the velocity of one of the mixed modes is equivalent to that of the sound wave of the normal state.
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Nozomu Inoue, Tadashi Sugawara
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1970-1971
Published: June 15, 1980
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Measurements were made of the resistivity due to nonmagnetic transition metal impurities in Pt to study its dependence on the valence difference
Δz between impurity metal and Pt. The results are consistent with the results of band-theoretical calculation for the effect of nonmagnetic impurities in Pd, i.e. for impurities with small
Δz a virtual bound state is formed in the continuum and for those with large
Δz a bound state above the Fermi level.
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Yasuo Itoh, Mitsuru Fujii, Chihiro Hamaguchi, Yoshio Inuishi
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1972-1980
Published: June 15, 1980
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We have measured the resonant Brillouin scattering in cubic and polytype ZnS at 300 K and 77 K using two kinds of transverse acoustic waves excited by the acoustic domain injection technique. The observed spectra have been found to agree well with the resonant light scattering theory when the lifetime broadening effect is taken into account. Measurements of the piezobirefringence have been performed to obtain dispersion of the elasto-optical constants in the same crystals, and the results are in good agreement with those deduced from the resonant Brillouin scattering data when the ω
4 dependence of the Brillouin-scattering cross sections is taken into account. Combining the Brillouin scattering data with the piezobirefringence data we are able to determine the spectral dependence of elasto-optical constants
P11−
P12 and
P44 in both cubic and polytype ZnS in the photon energy region 1.8 to 3.7 eV at 300 K.
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Sadao Adachi, Chihiro Hamaguchi
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1981-1989
Published: June 15, 1980
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Resonant Brillouin scattering in the layer-type semiconductors GaSe and GaS by the pure-transverse phonons has been investigated at room temperature by using the amplified acoustical-domain injection method. The measured spectral dependence of the Brillouin-scattering cross sections has shown a weak resonant cancellation for both GaSe and GaS in the region of the fundamental absorption edges. The data have shown a good agreement with the theoretical analyses based on the quasistatic approximation and Loudon’s light-scattering theory. The resonant cancellation has been successfully interpreted by taking into account the lowest-direct-gap (direct-exciton) resonance process for GaSe and lowest-indirect-gap resonance process for GaS. These analyses have also indicated that the nonresonant electronic transition is dominant in the Brillouin-scattering process even in the region near the fundamental absorption edge.
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Yosuke Kayanuma, Tadanobu Kojima
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1990-1997
Published: June 15, 1980
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Optical absorption line shape due to the transition from the ground state of
A1g symmetry to the quasi-Jahn-Teller system of accidentally degenerate electronic states of
A1g and
T1u symmetry coupled through
t1u-mode phonon is calculated by three methods, that is, the semi-classical approximation, the independent ordering approximation and the exact method by numerical diagonalization of the vibronic Hamiltonian. In the strong coupling and/or high temperature limit, the line shape is composed of a strong delta function-like central peak and a pair of weak wing part. It is found that the independent ordering approximation does not reproduce the exact line shape for intermediate region so well as in the case of
E×
e system. The vibronic spectrum for non-degenerate case is also discussed.
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Ziro Narita
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
1998-2002
Published: June 15, 1980
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It is shown that a system consisting of non-equivalent dipoles in asymmetric potentials behaves polydispersively and a static electric field
E0 changes the shape of the polydispersion.
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Kazuo Gesi, Kunio Ozawa
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2003-2006
Published: June 15, 1980
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The composition-pressure-temperature three dimensional phase diagram was determined for the system of (Rochelle salt)
1−x(ammonium Rochelle salt)
x from dielectric measurements in a range of 0≤
x≤0.32,
p\lesssim8 kbar, and −110°C\lesssim
T\lesssim50°C. Both the upper and lower Curie temperatures increase with increasing hydrostatic pressure for
x≤0.025, and the temperature range of the ferroelectric phase widens. In the composition range of 0.025<
x≤0.039, the ferroelectric phase was observed as a pressure-induced phase. For the compositions of
x=0.054 and 0.11, the ferroelectric phase was not found up to 8 kbar. Hydrostatic pressure depresses the Curie temperature of the low-temperature ferroelectric phase which is found in
x\gtrsim0.18 with a large depression rate.
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Kiyoshi Deguchi, Eiji Nakamura, Shinjiro Kohno
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2007-2010
Published: June 15, 1980
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Dilatometric measurements have been made on KH
2PO
4 along the ferroelectric
c-axis over the temperature range from 90 K to 240 K. Discrepancy between the phenomenological theory and the experimental result is found in the temperature dependence of the spontaneous strain near the Curie temperature,
Tc. It is shown that the anomalous part of the thermal expansion coefficient above
Tc changes logarithmically on
T−
Tc in the temperature range 0.15 K\lesssim
T−
Tc\lesssim15 K.
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Hironori Matsunaga, Kazuyuki Itoh, Eiji Nakamura
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2011-2014
Published: June 15, 1980
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The atomic coordinates and the anisotropic thermal parameters of CsH
2PO
4 crystal in the paraelectric phase have been obtained using three-dimensional X-ray intensity data collected by a four-circle automatic diffractometer at room temperature. The structure is refined to
R=0.029 for 780 independent reflections. Two types of hydrogen bonds are clearly distinguished in the electron density maps which display distributions corresponding to order and disorder of protons, respectively.
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Kazuto Watanabe
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2015-2021
Published: June 15, 1980
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The new rate equations for the formation process of a vacancy cluster in the fcc lattice have been derived by incorporating the diffusion motion of vacancies in the lattice. It is clarified that the concentration of clusters in each size calculated by the new rate equations is lower than that by the rate equations of Cotterill type during the initial aging, and time dependence of pre-exponential factor in the new rate equations considerably affects the clustering of vacancies at low temperature during the initial aging.
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A. T. Fromhold, Jr.
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2022-2030
Published: June 15, 1980
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A theoretical development is presented for the growth kinetics of thick oxide films on metals. Transport of ions and electrons through the oxide layer is considered to occur by diffusion in the presence of space-charge and surface-charge fields, with local space-charge neutrality being a good approximation in the oxide interior remote from the interfaces. The kinetics are predicted to be parabolic, namely
L(
t)∝
t1⁄2, where
L(
t) is the oxide film thickness at time
t; the corresponding built-in voltage across the oxide is predicted to have a thickness-independent value. The derived expressions relate the parabolic rate constant, the built-in electric field, and the electrostatic potential to the mobilities of the diffusing ions and electrons and to the fixed excess concentrations of these species established near the two interfaces of the oxide layer which are in contact with the parent metal and the gaseous oxygen.
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Toshiharu Hosono, Katuhisa Suzuki
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2031-2039
Published: June 15, 1980
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The impurity states in Si are investigated theoretically on the basis of a previously proposed formalism, which emphasizes the local environment around the impurity center. The impurity potential is made self-consistent in a finite region surrounding the impurity atom. The difference of substitutional Ga (shallow) and Zn (deep) impurities is discussed from a chemical viewpoint based on atomic properties. The electronic structures of interstitial 3d transition metal impurities Cr, Mn and Fe are calculated for the first time. The obtained result can be interpreted in terms of the difference in chemical bonding between the substitutional and interstitial cases.
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Hirotoshi Souma, Tatsuo Yajima, Yoichi Taira
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2040-2047
Published: June 15, 1980
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The dispersion characteristics of the nonlinear susceptibility χ
(3)(ω
3=2ω
1−ω
2) under the Rayleigh-type and one-photon resonant conditions have been measured for dye molecules in both liquids and solids to determine ultrafast relaxation times associated with electronic excited states. Picosecond dye lasers were used for damage-free measurement in solids. The comparison of the results for the same dye in liquid and solid revealed two types of behavior concerning the dephasing time (
T2). Temperature dependence of
T2 in solid was also measured in a wide range 10∼300 K. Anomalous enhancement of the output light for lower range of |ω
1−ω
2| was found and attributed to an effect of spectral cross relaxation process. On the basis of these results underlying relaxation mechanisms are discussed.
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Kenzo Kai, Shigeharu Ukai, Kenji Suzuki
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2048-2054
Published: June 15, 1980
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The concentration fluctuation in Tl
2Te–Tl liquid system with miscibility gap has been studied by quasielastic neutron scattering measurement using a pulsed neutron source installed at electron LINAC. The magnitude of the concentration fluctuation in Tl
2Te–Tl liquid system is too small even just above the coexisting curve to interpret the semiconductor-metal transition in the liquid in terms of the percolation theory. The present neutron scattering result has shown that the concentration fluctuation in Tl
2Te–Tl liquid system may be described with the classical law.
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Hiroki Kitajima, Ken Ishikawa, Hideo Suzuki
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2055-2061
Published: June 15, 1980
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We assume such a model for rhodopsin chromophore that 11-
cis PRSB interacts not only with its negative charge near N
16+ but also with a phenol group near CH
3 on C
9, and that there exists a little negative charge on OH in the phenol group.
In much the same ways as our previous papers, it is shown that the observed λ
max’s of desmethyl analogues of rhodopsin can reasonably be explained by taking into account the structural change of PRSB and configurational change of phenol group due to the substitution on methyl group(s) by hydrogen atom(s). It is also shown that the large blue-shift of λ
max observed on 9-dm rhodopsin can be attributed to the decrease in “charge-transfer” interaction between PRSB and phenol group.
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Akio Tsuji, Hiroshi Kotegawa, Hajime Narumi
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2062-2067
Published: June 15, 1980
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The Glauber approximation for an inelastic Coulomb scattering is first applied to the ionization process of hydrogenic ions by taking account of the asymptotic Coulomb interaction. The result of integrated ionization cross sections in the non-exchange approximation is compared with the corresponding Coulomb-Born result and it is shown that the Glauber result is in reasonable agreement with experimental data. The reduced cross section in the limit of infinitely large nuclear charge is also evaluated for hydrogenic heavy ions from the general and practical point of view.
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Tetsuo Nagata
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2068-2075
Published: June 15, 1980
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Total cross sections σ
+0 and σ
0− for single-electron capture by H
+ ion and H(1s) atom during passage through vapors of Cs, Rb, K and Na have been measured by observing the growth of fast collision products in the projectile energy range 0.4–5.0 keV. The partial cross sections σ
m and σ
g (σ
+0=σ
m+σ
g), which are the cross sections eventually leading to formation of H(2s) and H(1s), respectively, have also been determined with the aid of the metastable atom fraction f
2s data obtained previously. Each σ
m curve has noticeable structure composed of two humps. The total cross sections σ
+0 also have, although not noticeable, similar structure, indicating the existence of some secondary interference effects between the charge exchange channel and other inelastic or elastic channel. In the case of Cs target, comparison with other experimental and theoretical data is made.
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Kazuhiro Sakimoto, Kazuo Takayanagi
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2076-2083
Published: June 15, 1980
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Collision dynamics of an ion-polar molecule system is influenced considerably by the dipole interaction. The recently-developed PRS (Perturbed Rotational State) approach is applied to the problem. It is found that the ion-polar molecule reaction rate is more than ten times larger in interstellar molecular clouds than the widely-used Langevan value. A scaling law holds approximately for the effective cross section as a function of the collision energy.
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Kazuyuki Shinbo, Yasuhiro Miyake
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2084-2090
Published: June 15, 1980
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Using a new method to study a self-avoiding walk problem developed by de Gennes and des Cloizeaux, scattering functions in small and large angular regions are calculated with an assumption that a subchain in a single chain and a full chain with same steps have a same probability density for correlation. They are compared with experimental results. The result obtained in polystyrene (P.S.)-M.E.K. solution which has a small excess free energy does agree well with the function in small angular region, but the result obtained in P.S.-benzene solution which is thermodynamically good solution does not. On the other hand, the scattering function in large angular region has a dependence of
k−3.3, which is similar to a dependence of
k−4 of two phase model in a porous granule, although the results published so far do not agree with this dependence.
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Shunjiro Ikezawa, Yoshiharu Nakamura
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2091-2097
Published: June 15, 1980
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Dispersion relations of electron waves of small amplitude in a plasma of two-temperature electrons are studied theoretically. Addition of small amount of hot electrons to the plasma increases the damping of electron plasma wave. For the temperature ratio of six, when the density of hot electrons exceeds about four percents, the wave separates into two modes. One is the plasma wave of cool electrons when ω\gtrsimω
p and merges in one of higher-order modes when ω<ω
p. The other mode which is cut off at ω=ω
p also merges in higher-order modes when ω>>ω
p. The non-dispersive mode when ω<ω
p has much larger damping rate than the similar mode in the plasma of Maxwellian and water-bag electrons.
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Shobu Kaneko, Akihiro Yamao
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2098-2103
Published: June 15, 1980
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The thermal conductivities and the coefficients of thermal diffusion of a plasma composed of electrons and singly charged positive ions are evaluated by use of the Boltzmann equation. The distribution functions for electrons and ions are expanded in terms of Sonine’s polynomials. Numbers of the expansion terms are changed from 6 to 50, and the convergence of this method is examined, Both the thermal conductivities and the coefficients of thermal diffusion evaluated from the expansions with 50 terms are shown to have accuracy of at least six decimal places for various strength of magnetic field.
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Ken-ichi Nishikawa
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2104-2111
Published: June 15, 1980
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A set of coupled eigenmode equations for drift and shear Alfvén mode in a sheared magnetic field is solved numerically, including effects of the parallel current, the full ion dynamics and electron-ion collisions. Detailed studies are made on the eigenmode structures of both the modes and combined effects of current and finite-β. An outstanding result is that the Current-driven drift mode shows, at some moderate β value, a peculiarity in dispersion and its eigenmode structure is deformed to a shape different from the drift mode one, which means the strong coupling of drift mode to shear Alfvén mode due to the combined effects. In the most cases except this, the effects of finite-β and collisions are found to be stabilizing.
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Sadao Nakamura, Tetsumori Yuyama, Hiroshi Kubo, Kenji Mitani
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2112-2118
Published: June 15, 1980
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Explosively unstable waves in an ion beam-plasma system are experimentally studied by use of the pump field method. The generated waves of an ion acoustic (γ) and a fast(α)- and a slow(β)-modes of the ion beam satisfy the resonance conditions both for frequency
fβ=
fα+
fγ and for wave number
kβ=
kα+
kγ. They at first all grow rapidly and attain their respective maximum intensities which are several times of their initial ones. There is an optimum intensity of the pump field to excite these three waves at the same time. The behaviors of their temporal growths are well explained by a nonlinear theory of coherent three-wave interaction.
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Kiyoshi Nagasawa, Tsutomu Imamura, Tosiya Taniuti
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2119-2124
Published: June 15, 1980
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An exact Gaussian solution is obtained for the probability distribution of a turbulent field given by a nonlinear differential equation, which governs electrostatic potential for the drift wave in a pseudo-three dimensional plasma and depth of the air for the Rossby wave turbulence in the atmospheric pressure system. In the weakly turbulent case, it is obtained that the two-time correlation function of the solution shows the exponential decay. Anisotropy of the solution does not appear in the one-time correlation function but appears in the two-time correlation function.
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Hiroshi Tokunaga
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2125-2133
Published: June 15, 1980
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The third order approximation in the reductive method of perturbation is applied to the weak nonlinear waves in a compressible fluid governed by the Navier-Stokes equation. It is shown that secular terms appearing in the third order approximation are renormalized to the phase velocity of a weak shock, which agrees with the expression obtained from the Rankine-Hugoniot relation. The third order solution obtained analytically, in the special case, also coincides to Becker’s solution of steady shock in the approximation of the weak shock.
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Kenichi Nanbu, Yasuo Watanabe
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2134-2137
Published: June 15, 1980
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Rarefied transition flows in a nozzle with the form of an asymptotic cone are calculated for the throat Knudsen-number
Kn less than 0.3 by using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The properties near the nozzle axis are as follows: (1) as
Kn increases, conversion of the thermal energy into the kinetic energy becomes less efficient, and hence the overall temperature increases whereas the mean velocity decreases, (2) the number density is barely affected by
Kn, (3) the rate of divergence of the parallel temperature
Tx and the perpendicular temperature
Tp increases with
Kn; as the nozzle area-ratio increases,
Tx gradually rises above the equilibrium temperature to approach the frozen limit, whereas
Tp drops below the equilibrium temperature. These behaviors of
Tx,
Tp in the nozzle flow are similar to those in the spherical expansion flow because of the analogy of the flow field between the two.
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Yoshimasa Matsuno
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2138-2143
Published: June 15, 1980
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A new method for transforming the Lax hierarchy of nonlinear evolution equations
ut=−(∂⁄∂
x)(δ
In⁄δ
u) into bilinear forms is developed on the basis of the bilinear transformation method, and the structure of these equations is clarified, where
In is the
n-th conserved quantity of some nonlinear evolution equation and δ⁄δ
u denotes the functional derivative. The explicit calculations are carried out in the case of the higher-order Korteweg-de Vries equations.
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Katsuya Ishii, Hidenori Hashimoto
1980 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages
2144-2155
Published: June 15, 1980
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Lateral migration of a solid spherical particle suspended in a fluid flowing in a circular tube is investigated theoretically on the basis of a method developed by Cox and Brenner (Chem. Eng. Sci.
23 (1968) 147) and Green’s function of the Stokes equation for a circular tube obtained by Hasimoto (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
41 (1976) 385). Buoyant and neutrally buoyant particles in Poiseuille flow are considered as well as a sedimenting particle in a quiescent fluid. The results obtained agree well with the known experiments. When the velocity of the particle is about twice as fast as the mean velocity of the fluid, there are two stable equilibrium positions.
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