Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
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Volume 50, Issue 8
Displaying 1-49 of 49 articles from this issue
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  • Phase Transition in Two Terminal Electrical Circuit
    Yasuo Morimoto
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2459-2460
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2459
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    The phase transition phenomenon is found in two terminal electrical circuit. I–V curve of the circuit consists of five regions, ON, OFF, I, II and III-states. The ON and OFF-states produce only DC-current. The I and III-states have decaying oscillations. In the II-state a constant amplitude oscillation appears. As the bias passes the upper and lower boundaries of the II-state the increases in the current noise and in the decay time of the decaying oscillation are observed, which correspond to the critical fluctuation and critical slowing down, respectively.
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  • Positive Magnetoresistance Induced by Zeeman Splitting in Two-Dimensional Systems
    Arisato Kawabata
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2461-2462
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2461
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    It is shown that In T term of the conductivity due to electron-electron interaction, discussed by Altshuler et al. and by Fukuyama, is partly suppressed by Zeeman splitting of the electronic levels. Magnetoconductance of the form ln H appears when the Zeeman energy is much larger than κT. The magnitude of this term is independent of the direction of the magnetic field and its prefactor is −e2⁄2π2h when the screening length is much smaller than the Fermi wave length.
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  • Structural Relaxation in Amorphous YFe2 and Fe16Ni62B14Si8
    Yoshikazu Nishihara, Toshikazu Katayama, Shinji Ogawa, Tachiro Tsushim ...
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2463-2464
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2463
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    Distributions of the quadrupole splitting observed by the Mössbauer effect in amorphous YFe2 and Fe16Ni62B14Si8 broaden during annealing below their crystallization temperatures. From the broadening it is concluded that the structural relaxation produces a rearrangement of nearest neighbor atoms towards a random configuration.
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  • Magnetic Field Dependence of Mobility Edge of Three-Dimensional Disordered System
    Yoshiyuki Ono, Daijiro Yoshioka, Hideotoshi Fukuyama
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2465-2466
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2465
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    The magnetic field dependence of the mobility edge is examined within the framework of the self-consistent treatment of the Anderson localization. It is seen that the mobility edge is reduced in proportion to \sqrtH where H is the strength of the field.
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  • A Comment on the Broadening of the Excitonic Molecule Band in CuCl
    Makoto Kuwata, Tsuneyoshi Mita, Nobukata Nagasawa
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2467-2468
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2467
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    The broadening of the excitonic molecule band in CuCl is studied from the giant two-photon absorption (GTA) measurements by a weak linearly polarized probe light beam under the simultaneous excitation around the same GTA by another strong pumping light beam of the orthogonal polarization to the probe beam. The width of the GTA line monitored by the probe light remains almost constant less than 0.3 meV under the strong irradiation of the pumping light. It is pointed out that the broadened width of the GTA band which have been observed by the strong one monochromatic beam experiments is not associated with the mutual collision between the really produced excitonic molecules.
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  • One Dimensionally Alligned Decay Mode Solutions of the Two Dimensional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
    Akira Nakamura
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2469-2470
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2469
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    It is shown that the arbitrary solutions of the 1-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation can be transformed to the special class of solutions (1-dimensionally aligned and decaying in time) of the 2-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
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  • On the Modified Korteweg-de Vries Soliton and the Loop Soliton
    Yuji Ishimori
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2471-2472
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2471
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    It is shown that the soliton solution of the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation is essentially the same as the loop soliton solution found by Konno, Ichikawa and Wadati. Another scheme of the inverse scattering transformation is also presented for the mKdV equation.
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  • Diffusion of a Quantum Particle in a Fluctuating Medium
    Yutaka Inaba
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2473-2480
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2473
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    Quantum motion of a particle in a fluctuating lattice is studied on the basis of a time-dependent Hamiltonian with site energies being randomly modulated by stochastic noises. The case of the two-state jump noise is studied in details. It is found that the particle moves diffusively on a long time scale. When the noise has a non-white spectrum, the diffusion constant is substantially enhanced in comparison with the white noise limit owing to the local coherence of the wavefunction of the particle.
    A numerical study is also carried out for one-dimensional cases. The analytical result is in rough agreement with the numerical calculation.
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  • Theory of Nonlinear Spin Relaxation. IV. Correlation Functions and Power Spectrum
    Motoko Asou, Fumiaki Shibata
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2481-2488
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2481
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    A general formula is given to spin correlation function. This expression is free from actual complexity of integration over variables involved: Once time evolution of first moment is known, the time correlation function and power spectrum can be calculated immediately. For J=1⁄2 and 1 (J the magnitude of spin), rigorous analytic results are obtained. General characteristics for arbitrary value of J are shown to be poly-dispersive in nature: This is similar to the result found in phenomenological treatment of dielectric relaxation.
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  • Dimerization and Solitons in One-Dimensional XY-Z Antiferromagnets
    Takashi Nakano, Hidetoshi Fukuyama
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2489-2499
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2489
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    Our previous calculations of the lattice distortion and the formation energy of a soliton in the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin-Peierls systems are refined and extended to the case of XY-Z model. The spin degree of freedom are represented by the phase Hamiltonian with the help of boson representation of fermions introduced by the Jordan-Wigner transformation. Parameters in this phase Hamiltonian are adjusted so that spin wave velocity and exponent of correlation function agree with exact results. This adjustment is shown to give also exact spin susceptibility in the absence of lattice distortion. Based on this phase Hamiltonian of the XY-Z model localized excitations (solitons) in the presence of lattice distortions are examined in details including the width, the formation energy and the magnetic field dependence.
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  • A Model Calculation of Elastic Softening in Incommensurate-Ferroelastic Phase Transition of Some A2BX4-Type Crystals
    Yoshihiro Ishibashi, Jun Sugiyama, Akikatsu Sawada
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2500-2507
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2500
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    A model calculation of elastic softening in incommensurate-ferroelastic (commensurate) phase transition is presented. The adopted thermodynamic potential functional of the Landau-type is such as is applicable to some A2BX4-type crystals which have an incommensurate phase followed by a commensurate ferroelastic phase with the tripled unit cell. It has turned out that elastic softening so far reported in [N(CH3)4]2CuCl4 is well reproduced by the present model.
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  • Spin Wave in Solid 3He
    Katsutoshi Iwahashi, Yoshika Masuda
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2508-2515
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2508
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    Using the spin wave theory a few thermodynamic quantities of solid 3He in the “uudd” phase are calculated. In the first approximation, in which higher terms than the fourth power of Holstein-Primakoff operators are neglected, the contraction of the spin is not small and the gain of the energy at 0 K due to the zero point motion of spins is comparable to the energy associated with the molecular field approximation. If only jt and KP are not zero, this approximation does not explain the experimental results. In the second approximation, in which the contribution due to the fourth power terms is taken into account, the “uudd” phase becomes stable or metastable because of large zero point motion of spins even when J2–KF<0, and the exchanges that only jt and KP are not zero, can explain the experimental results, where jt, KP and KF are the triple, planar and folded type cyclic four spin exchanges.
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  • Magnetoresistance in Two-Dimensional Disordered Systems: Effects of Zeeman Splitting and Spin-Orbit Scattering
    Sadamichi Maekawa, Hidetoshi Fukuyama
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2516-2524
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2516
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    Effects of Zeeman splitting and spin-orbit scattering on the resistance in two-dimensional disordered systems are theoretically studied. The field dependence of the magnetoresistance is shown to have the characteristic anisotropy. The present theory explains the qualitative features of the experimental observations by Komori et al. in Cu granular films.
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  • NMR Study of a Valence Fluctuating Compound SmB6
    Masashi Takigawa, Hiroshi Yasuoka, Yoshio Kitaoka, Takaho Tanaka, Hiro ...
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2525-2532
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2525
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    The 11B NMR in a typical valence fluctuating compound SmB6 has been investigated in the temperature range between 2.5 and 850 K by the pulsed NMR technique. An unusual temperature dependence was observed in the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1). 1/T1 increases rapidly with increasing temperature above about 20 K, but it remains almost constant above room temperature. This behavior is qualitatively explained by assuming a simple model density of 4f states with a gap of 50 K at the Fermi level and a band width of 500 K. Contrary to the case of usual semiconductors, the experimental result shows that another relaxation process sets in that gives a temperature independent relaxation rate below 6 K. Although the physical mechanism of this process has not been made clear yet, it is proposed that it may be due to the formation of charge localized states which are related to the conductivity at low temperatures.
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  • Exchange Anisotropy of Ferrimagnetic Precipitates of Nickel Oxide in NiO Matrix
    Kimihito Tagaya
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2533-2538
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2533
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    When the spins of small ferrimagnetic precipitates of nickel oxide with a spinel-type defect structure are coupled with the spins of the antiferromagnetic NiO matrix by exchange interaction across the interface, an exchange anisotropy is produced in each ferrimagnetic precipitate. Ferromagnetic resonance and electron micrographical examinations were performed on such precipitates of nickel oxide. The exchange anisotropy of the precipitates was studied, and the value of exchange anisotropy energy per cm2 of interface between ferrimagnetic nickel oxide and antiferromagnetic NiO was estimated.
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  • 29Si NMR Studies of an “Unusual” Paramagnet FeSi —Anderson Localized State Model—
    Shigeru Takagi, Hiroshi Yasuoka, Shinji Ogawa, J. H. Wernick
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2539-2546
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2539
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    29Si NMR as well as magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements have been performed on an “unusual” paramagnet FeSi. It is shown that the observed low temperature properties—such as the asymmetric shape of the 29Si spin-echo spectrum and the exp (T−1⁄4) type temperature dependence of the resistivity—can be explained consistently by considering the existence of the Anderson localized states (caused presumably by some residual imperfections of the crystal) with intra-state correlation. At higher temperatures, it is suggested from the temperature dependences of the 29Si spin-lattice relaxation time and the resistivity that the thermodynamical properties are governed by the correlated modes of spin fluctuations with strongly temperature-dependent amplitude.
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  • Theory of the Field Dependence of the Néel Temperature in Quasi One-Dimensional Antiferromagnets
    Takehiko Oguchi, Martin Blume
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2547-2553
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2547
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    The field dependence of the Néel temperature TN of an antiferromagnet is explained by use of the Oguchi first mean field theory. It is shown that TN increases in a uniform magnetic field of appropriate magnitude when the spin entropy at TN is large. The latter condition occurs when the antiferromagnet is quasi one-dimensional with small anisotropy energy.
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  • Development of Spin Correlations in Randomly Diluted Quasi-One-Dimensional Spin Systems
    Kazuyoshi Takeda, Jos C. Schouten
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2554-2563
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2554
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    The initial slope of the decreasing Néel temperature TN(x), [d(TN(x)⁄TN(0))⁄dx]x=0, in randomly diluted quasi-one-dimensional magnets (TMMC: Cu and (CH3)3NHCoCl3·2H2O: Mn or Cu) has been investigated down to the infinitesimal impurity concentration x; x=0.00041 in the case of TMMC: Cu. The development of spin correlation length ξ1d(T) along the magnetic chain has been evaluated from the observed TN(x) under zero or finite magnetic fields up to 30 kOe. It has been revealed that even a small amount of impurities which distribute each other with much longer separations than ξ1d(T) give a substantial reduction of the development of ξ1d(T). The rounding of the magnetic heat capacity peak around TN(x) is discussed in terms of a new idea of “border concentration” which is characterized by the relation between the length of ξ1d(T) and the inter-impurity distance.
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  • Magnetic Field Dependence of the Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy Energy in hcp Co
    Fumihisa Ono
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2564-2572
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2564
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    Magnetic field dependences of the first and the second uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants Ku1 and Ku2 for hcp Co were obtained at various temperatures between 4.2 and 616 K by using the 90-points least mean square routine. It was found that the contribution of the Fermi level-dependent term to dKu1⁄dH is as large as that of the magnetization dependent one, while in the temperature variation of Ku1 the Fermi level-dependent term is negligibly small. The temperature variation of Ku2 was explained reasonably by a relation derived by considering a changes in the lattice parameter ratio and in the magnetization.
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  • Magnetovolume Effects in Ferromagnetic Transition Metals
    Masayuki Shiga
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2573-2580
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2573
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    Magnetovolume effects in ferromagnetic transition metals and alloys, such as the spontaneous volume magnetostriction, the forced volume magnetostriction, are described by a phenomenological theory based upon a fluctuating local band picture, in which both itinerant electron and local moment characters are taken into account. The magnetovolume effects of Fe, Ni and the Fe–Ni Invar alloy are analyzed on the basis of the proposed theory. It has been shown that the degree of shrinkage of local moments above the Curie temperature can be estimated from this analysis. It is concluded that local moments remain almost unchanged in bcc Fe and, on the contrary, they shrink markedly in the Invar alloy.
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  • Strain Waves in Cr, CrMn and CrV Alloys
    Satoshi Iida, Masaharu Kohno, Yorihiko Tsunoda, Nobuhiko Kunitomi
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2581-2586
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2581
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    The strain waves in pure Cr, CrMn and CrV alloys were studied by means of neutron diffraction. The strain wave amplitude, Δa⁄a, due to the spin density wave ordering is (1.1±0.1)×10−3 for pure Cr. This value is almost the same for CrMn alloys and is smaller for CrV alloys. The ratio of the modulated strain to the uniform lattice expansion, (Δa⁄a)⁄(ΔL⁄L)mag, is about 3 for pure Cr and is smaller for CrMn alloys. These results can be explained either by the two band nesting model or by the virtual bound state approach, qualitatively.
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  • Third Harmonics of Spin Density Wave in Cr and Its Alloys
    Satoshi Iida, Yorihiko Tsunoda, Yutaka Nakai, Nobuhiko Kunitomi
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2587-2594
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2587
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    The third harmonics of the spin density wave in pure Cr, CrMn and CrV alloys were studied by means of neutron diffraction, and the following results were obtained. The phase relation between the third and the primary spin density wave was determined to be “rectangular like” in pure Cr and in CrMn alloy. The ratio of the amplitude of the third harmonics spin density wave to that of the primary spin density wave, |S3⁄S1|, increases in CrMn and decreases in CrV alloys compared with that of the pure Cr. These results can be qualitatively explained by both of the theories based on the two band nesting model and the virtual bound state approach to the spin density wave.
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  • On the Upper Critical Fields of 600 kG Superconductors
    S. Foner
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2595-2597
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2595
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    The results of a recent Letter of Okuda et al. are compared with our superconducting PbMoS (600 kG upper critical field) data published in 1974. Brief comments are made on possible sources of systematic errors using pulsed fields. Some recent interpretations of the theory of high field superconductors are also discussed.
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  • Electrical Resistivity of Transition Metals: APW or TBA
    Jiro Yamashita, Setsuro Asano
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2598-2605
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2598
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    The electron-phonon mass enhancement factor λ and the electrical resistivity of Mo are calculated both by the APW rigid muffin-tin approximation (RMTA) and the tightbinding approximation. The detailed analysis of the results shows that RMTA disregards both the positive contribution from the outside of the inscribed sphere and the negative contribution due to the electron response to the perturbation. The value of λ or the resistivity at high temperatures given by RMTA seems to be fairly close to the true value owing to the fortunate cancellation of the errors.
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  • Experimental Compton Profiles of Magnesium
    Nobuhiko Sakai, Hisashi Sekizawa
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2606-2612
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2606
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    Directional Compton profiles for magnesium single crystals are measured using 60 keV γ rays, and are compared with the theoretical profiles calculated by the APW method. Good agreement is found between the experimental and the theoretical Compton profiles. However, the conduction electron part of the experimental Compton profile is slightly broader than that of the theoretical one. A reason for this broadening is discussed by considering non-constant occupation probability of the conduction electrons caused by the electron-electron correlation. No crystalline anisotropy of the experimental directional profiles is found, being consistent with the theoretical results.
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  • Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy in MIS and MS Tunnel Junctions
    Seiji Hayashi, Ryozo Aoki
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2613-2618
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2613
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    Calculation of the tunneling conductance for inelastic tunneling process with excitation energy hω are carried out, and it is clarified that inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) can be a useful tool for investigation of electronic states in semiconductors. The electronic states of the semiconductor are related to the inelastic tunneling current in the bias range from hω⁄e to hω⁄e+VF. This bias increase of hω⁄e brings some advantage such as separation of the electronic structure from zero bias anomaly and from other structure due to excitation in the barrier.
    In experiments for MS contacts of In-SrTiO3−x, concaves appeared in the dV⁄dJ curves via inelastic tunneling process, and they were confirmed to be due to the electronic states of the SrTiO3−x.
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  • Tunneling Spectroscopy in In-SrTiO3−x Contact
    Seiji Hayashi, Ryozo Aoki, Toshihiko Ohta
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2619-2624
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2619
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    Tunneling characteristics of In-SrTiO3−x contact have been measured. The main feature is reasonably explained by an improved barrier model which takes account of electric field dependence of dielectric constant in the barrier. Zero bias anomaly has been observed for samples with low carrier concentration. This anomaly suggests the presence of electron-localization-sites in SrTiO3−x. In second-derivative characteristics, many fine structures which correspond to maxima of phonon-density-of-states in SrTiO3 have been observed. As for the intensity of the structure, a contribution of self-energy-effect has been observed.
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  • Magnetic Impurity States in Semiconductors
    Nagao Ohata
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2625-2630
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2625
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    On the basis of a simple model we discuss how impurity atoms can be paramagnetic in semiconductors. The model is a system of two interacting electrons in the conduction band of a semiconductor containing a single donor-type impurity. The band structure is assumed to be such that the corresponding density of states curve has a semi-elliptic form. This band structure is an approximation to that of a real three-dimensional crystal. The problem is formulated in terms of one-electron Green’s functions and is solved exactly. The results are qualitatively similar to those obtained by Mattis and Lieb, who exactly solved the same problem in the one-dimensional case. The present solution will be applicable to some two-electron problems associated with deep impurity states in semiconductors.
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  • Electron Scattering by Acceptor-Bound Excitons in Silicon—Revision of “Effects of Positively Charged Acceptor Centres on Cyclotron Resonance”
    Eizo Otsuka
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2631-2642
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2631
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    Peculiar electron cyclotron resonance behaviour in boron-doped silicon, once misinterpreted as due to direct electron capture by neutral acceptors and later reinterpreted in terms of electron capture as well as scattering by A+-centres, is carefully revisited. After examining kinetics at the key reactions of the rate process, shortening of the electron lifetime at low temperatures is still to be associated with A+-centres. But broadening of the cyclotron resonance line with decreasing temperature is now ascribed to scattering by excitons bound to neutral acceptors rather than to that by A+-centres.
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  • Optical Spectra of Hexagonal Ice
    Masami Seki, Koichi Kobayashi, Jun’ichiro Nakahara
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2643-2648
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2643
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    Reflectivity spectrum of single crystal of hexagonal ice is measured at 80 K in the energy range between 6 and 28 eV. Spectra of absorption coefficient, dielectric constants and effective number of optical electrons are determined. Reflectivity spectrum of amorphous ice is measured for a comparison. Electronic states responsible for the structures found in the spectrum of hexagonal ice are discussed.
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  • Luminescence of Free Excitons in CdI2: Br
    Tetsusuke Hayashi, Tokiko Ohata, Shigeharu Koshino
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2649-2654
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2649
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    The zero-phonon luminescence of free indirect-excitons and its phonon-replicas have been observed near the absorption edge in CdI2: Br in addition to the momentum-conserving luminescence assisted by the emission of phonons. The edge luminescence, as a whole, is enhanced at first by the mixing of CdBr2, but becomes weak as the Br− concentration increases beyond 5 mole percent. It is deduced from the temperature dependence of the luminescence spectrum that free excitons have a common lifetime, and that the lifetime is governed by three (two thermal and a non-thermal) relaxation processes. The dependence of the intensity of edge luminescence on the Br− concentration is attributable to the changes induced in the lifetime of free excitons.
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  • Critical Phenomena at the Normal-Incommensurate Phase Transition in Rb2ZnCl4
    Hiroyuki Mashiyama
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2655-2659
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2655
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    The X-ray reflection intensity and the dielectric constant are measured around the normal-incommensurate phase transition. From the temperature dependence of a satellite reflection at (Remark: Graphics omitted.), the critical exponent 2β is determined to be 0.69±0.01. This value is very close to the exponent of the three-dimensional n=2-vector model. The dielectric constant along the ferroelectric axis shows a weak anomaly at the transition point, which is discussed with the aid of the remormalization-group method.
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  • Phase Transition of Ammonium Sulfate
    Katsuhiko Hasebe
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2660-2665
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2660
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    (NH4)2SO4 is treated as a pseudospin-phonon coupled system and some constants are estimated; the coupling constant between the pseudospin 1 and phonon, coupling constants between pseudospins and strains, and interaction energies between pseudospins. Some macroscopic properties such as order parameters, spontaneous strains, the spontaneous polarization and the spontaneous birefringence are explained by the present model. The Curie constant is also estimated.
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  • Thermal Hysteresis Accompanying the Incommensurate-Commensurate Phase Transitions in Rb2ZnBr4 and Rb2ZnCl4
    Katsumi Hamano, Toru Hishinuma, Kenji Ema
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2666-2671
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2666
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    The dielectric constants of Rb2ZnBr4 and Rb2ZnCl4 exhibit remarkable thermal hysteresis over wide temperature ranges including their incommensurate-commensurate transition points. The most characteristic feature of this thermal hysteresis is that it occurs even when a cooling run is turned to a heating run in the incommensurate phases, i.e., the thermal hysteresis occurs even when the crystal has no experience of phase transition. This phenomenon was studied in detail in this work. If the turning temperature Tturn is in the range where the incommensurate wave number is independent of temperature (the range of constant δ), the thermal hysteresis does not occur, while if Tturn is in the range of varying incommensurate wave number (the range of varying δ), the thermal hysteresis appears. This fact seems to support our idea that the thermal hysteresis of the dielectric constant is caused by pinning of the incommensurate wave.
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  • Optical Excitation of Zeeman Coherence in Ruby
    Yoshihiro Takagi, Yukio Fukuda, Koichi Yamada, Tsuneo Hashi
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2672-2681
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2672
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    Optically induced Zeeman coherences between various pairs of sublevels in the ground state 4A2 of a sample ruby (0.05 wt.%) were observed at room temperature by using impact excitation with circularly polarized resonant light pulses from a mode-locked ruby laser. The precessing magnetization associated with Zeeman coherence was detected magnetically in UHF, VHF and X-band microwave regions. The observed signals can be regarded as various types of ESR free induction decay signals and the decay times were of the order of nanosecond. Sustained precession signals were also observed. Characteristics of the signals were explained by numerical solutions of the Liouville equation.
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  • Piezoreflectance Study on the Electron-Hole Exchange Interaction of the Γ Excitons in KBr
    Tsuneharu Koide, Hirohito Fukutani, Goro Kuwabara
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2682-2688
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2682
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    Piezoreflectance spectra of KBr have been measured at room temperature in the photon energy range from 5.0 to 7.6 eV in order to investigate the effects of the electron-hole exchange interaction on the spin-orbit split Γ excitons. From the dichroism due to the stress-induced splitting of the excitons and also from their energy difference and intensity ratio in an unstressed crystal, the exchange energy is determined to be 0.07 eV, about one-fourth of the magnitude reported earlier. The piezospectrum calculated with the value is in good agreement with the experimental one.
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  • Fine Structure in Luminescence Spectra of NaNO2. II. Isotopic Lines and their Resonant Enhancement
    Hakaru Yamanaka, Masanori Hangyo, Yoshihiro Hishikawa, Riso Kato
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2689-2694
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2689
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    Energies of the zero-phonon transitions in three isotopic NO2− ions have been estimated by the extrapolation of the series of isotopic lines in luminescence spectra of NaNO2. Energies determined are 3∼8 cm−1 larger than that of the zero-phonon line due to the normal NO2− ion. When the crystal is excited with a tunable dye laser in the region near the zero-phonon line, it shows multiple Raman scattering due to ν2-vibrations of the normal and isotopic NO2− ions. The isotopic lines are enhanced resonantly by the excitation at the extrapolated positions. The obtained isotope shifts are interpreted in terms of the shifts of the zero-point vibration energies of the isotopic ions.
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  • X-Ray Study of Orientation-Phonon Coupling in Cubic NaCN
    Seishi Yamamoto
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2695-2703
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2695
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    In a cubic phase of NaCN, anomalies of X-ray temperature diffuse scatterings due to C44 and (C11−C12)⁄2 modes are observed. The intensity due to C44 mode increases anomalously with decreasing temperature. Orientational disorder of CN− ion in the cubic phase and its temperature dependence are analyzed by the measurement of integrated intensities of X-ray Bragg reflections, and ⟨100⟩+⟨111⟩ mixed model is obtained for the orientations of CN− ion. On the basis of this model, an expression of a linear coupling between the orientations and the acoustic phonons is derived. The observed temperature dependence of the diffuse scatterings is well understood as the coupling effect involving the temperature dependence of the orientational disorder.
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  • A Quantitative Analysis of Electron Energy Loss Spectra of keV Electrons from Thin-Film-Substrate System
    Toshimichi Ito, Motohiro Iwami, Akio Hiraki
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2704-2712
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2704
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    It is attempted to interpret quantitatively energy losses of keV electrons reflected from targets with a simple phenomenological approach. In the case of a thin layer film on a thick substrate, loss intensities can be represented by a superposition of loss data on both the film and the substrate materials. The results are applied to Si-SiO2 couples (oxide thickness up to ∼60 Å), which show that the present approach leads to a good agreement between experimentally obtained loss spectra and calculated or synthesized ones. In the calculation, the dependence of inelastic mean free path λ of electron on electron energy E is proposed as λ∝E0.7±0.1. Also from the curve fitting, it is demonstrated that the loss data give the film thickness within 5% errors.
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  • Difference between Frequencies of Optical Absorption and Circular Dichroism Maxima —One Mode Approximation—
    Hiroko Kakitani, Toshiaki Kakitani
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2713-2719
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2713
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    Theoretical analysis is made for the electron-vibration interaction effects on frequencies νmaxA and νmaxCD of optical absorption and circular dichroism maxima. Simple formulae of the frequency difference νmaxCD–νmaxA are obtained in terms of electron-vibration interaction parameters for the case that one specific vibrational mode is important. Application of the theory is made for visual pigments.
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  • Instability Driven by Runaway Electrons and Their Slowing Down with High Frequency Fluctuations
    Toshinori Michishita
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2720-2728
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2720
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    Instability driven by the runaway electrons with energies of several hundred of keV in a small tokamak NOVA II was studied. The instability resulted in slowing down of the electrons as well as rapid increase in transverse energy of them. The decrement in energy was approximately 200 to 300 keV from the measurement of the hard X-ray radiations, while the increment in transverse energy was of the order of 10 keV from the diamagnetism measurement. Such energy relaxation took place accompanied by the excitation of the high frequency fluctuations including the ion plasma frequency. The experimental results are consistent with the appearances which result from the interactions between the runaway electrons and the cold plasma mode.
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  • Dynamic Stabilization of Flute Instability
    Hideo Akimune, Ikuo Ikeda, Toyoaki Hirata, Futoshi Okamoto
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2729-2736
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2729
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    The problem on dynamic stabilization of plasma has been treated. The stability is considered under the condition that the plasma is divided to two regions. The destabilizing force is gravitational force and E×B rotation and the stability is sought by the ponderomotive force by rf electric field of ωrf\simeqωci perpendicular to magnetic field. It is found that the low frequency electro-static waves are stabilized by rf field in case that the rf electric field can penetrate only in the peripheral region. The effect of the dynamic stabilization is experimentally investigated and discussed.
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  • Solitons in a Nonlinear Inhomogeneous Transmission Line
    Tsuneo Yagi
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2737-2744
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2737
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    Nondestructive propagation of solitons is described in a nonlinear, electrical transmission line having loss and inhomogeneity. According to its nonlinear property expressed in terms of the [P+1]-th power, the transmission line demands a certain balance between the magnitude of loss or activity and inhomogeneity to preserve a unique soliton form of sech2⁄P with exponentially varying amplitude. The adiabatic amplification effect for waves propagating in the line is considered by estimating their conserved quantities. The theoretical anticipation is confirmed by several numerical calculations. It is also shown that, for P≥4, it seems that solitons never travel stably in the real nonlinear transmission line.
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  • Surface Tension Driven Instability in a Horizontal Liquid Layer with a Deformable Free Surface. I. Stationary Convection
    Masaki Takashima
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2745-2750
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2745
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    The effect of a free surface deformation on the onset of surface tension driven instability in a horizontal thin liquid layer subjected to a vertical temperature gradient is examined using linear stability theory. Assuming that the neutral state is a stationary one, the conditions under which instability sets in are determined in detail. It is shown that when the upside of the liquid layer is a free surface the free surface deformation is important only for unusually thin layers of very viscous liquids. It is also shown that when the underside of the liquid layer is a free surface the free surface deformation plays an essentially important role and the presence of a vertical temperature gradient can stabilize the layer which, in case of no temperature gradient, is always unstable.
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  • Surface Tension Driven Instability in a Horizontal Liquid Layer with a Deformable Free Surface. II. Overstability
    Masaki Takashima
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2751-2756
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2751
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    The theory described in the first paper of this series [M. Takashima: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 50 (1981) 2745] is extended to include the possibility that surface tension driven instability in a horizontal thin liquid layer confined between a solid wall and a deformable free surface can set in as purely oscillatory motions. Linear stability theory is applied to derive a time-dependent eigenvalue relationship. Numerical computations are carried, and it is found that whichever side of the liquid layer is a free surface oscillatory modes of instability can occur when and only when the temperature of the solid wall is lower than that of the air phase.
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  • Algebraic Rossby Wave Soliton
    Hiroaki Ono
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2757-2761
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2757
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    By the singular perturbation method, nonlinear Rossby waves which propagate along a shear flow sandwiched between two uniform flows in a shallow layer of a rotating fluid are investigated. It is shown that weak nonlinear waves of long wavelength compared with the width of the sheared region may propagate as algebraic solitons with eddy structures.
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  • Experiment on Lattice Soliton by Nonlinear LC Circuit—Energy of Soliton
    Keiichi Muroya, Shinsuke Watanabe
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2762-2769
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2762
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    We have experimentally investigated the energy of soliton in a nonlinear transmission line which is equivalent to the Toda lattice. In the nonlinear circuit, the magnetic and electric energies are not equal with each other. The present experiment shows that the magnetic energy of a soliton is superior in quantity to the electric one, in agreement with theory. This corresponds to the fact that the kinetic energy is larger than the potential energy in a lattice soliton. It is also confirmed experimentally that the magnetic energy is converted to the electric energy at the instant of a head-on collision between two solitons. Such an energy exchange is not observed for an overtaking collision of two solitons.
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  • Comment to Articles by Masatsugu Suzuki and Sei-ichi Tanuma (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 44 (1978) 1539 and 45 (1978) 1645) on the Static Skin Effect in Bismuth
    Hiroshi Bando, Kokichi Oshima, Mitsuru Suzuki
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2770-2771
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2770
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  • Excessive Electrons in Fluids near Critical Points
    Sachio Watanabe
    1981 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 2772
    Published: August 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.50.2772
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