Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
Volume 51, Issue 8
Displaying 1-50 of 54 articles from this issue
  • Shoji Hirata, Toshiharu Tako
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2371-2372
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    When a DC or an AC electric field is applied to the nematic liquid crystals, each successive transition is caused by the electrohydrodynamic instabilities. The successive transitions in an AC electric field strongly depend on the temperature, but those in a DC electric field weakly. It is known that the mechanism of the successive transitions in a DC field is different from that in an AC field.
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  • Kazunori Aoki, Toshihiko Kobayashi, Keiichi Yamamoto
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2373-2374
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Periodic oscillations and turbulence in the electrical avalanche breakdown caused by the weak photoexcitation at 4.2 K in n-GaAs have been presented as a first example of the onset of chaos which originates in a new type of phase transition in semiconductors.
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  • Shinji Kaneiwa, Mototada Kobayashi, Ikuji Tsujikawa
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2375-2376
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The superconductivity in C8KH0.19 (a hydride of the first stage potassium graphite intercalation compound) was observed in AC magnetic susceptibility measurements. The transition temperature Tc is 220 mK. The superconducting characteristic is type I for the magnetic field H perpendicular to the layers and type II for H parallel to the layers. The temperature dependence of the critical fields is also investigated. These results are compared with those of the potassium graphite. Tc enhancement by hydrogenation has been confirmed.
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  • Akira Kojima, Fumio Akao
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2377-2378
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The acoustic attenuation and velocity of Ag3SI single crystal were measured between 140 K and 300 K with 10 MHz longitudinal wave propagating along the (100) axis. It was found that there are two transition points on cooling. The transition temperatures at 161 K and 157 K correspond to the order-disorder transition and the β-γ structural phase transition, respectively. Hysterisis phenomenon was observed at the structural phase transition and the two transition points overlapped on heating from the γ-phase.
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  • Yasuji Kashiwase, Yoshiro Kainuma
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2379-2380
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    An excess line was observed across the 200 diffuse spot on Laue photograph of calcite crystal by using unfiltered radiation from copper target operated at accelerating voltage 30 kV.
    The line is explained to be caused by anomalous transmission of the thermally scattered characteristic X-rays.
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  • Osamu Sueoka
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2381-2382
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    A retarting potential-time of flight method has been developed for the experiment of positron-gas collisions. As a demonstration, total cross sections in e+–N2 and e+–CO were given for 25∼400 eV positrons.
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  • Masae Sato, Takashi Takahashi, Fumio Tokunaga, Shozo Kono, Kentaro Mur ...
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2383-2384
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been first applied to the fluoro-phenyl retinal and its bacteriorhodopsin analogue in order to study the chemical environments of chromophore in the bacteriorhodopsin. The experimental results suggest that there is no external point charge near the β-ionone ring of the retinal molecule in the bacteriorhodopsin.
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  • Mitsuhiro Nambu, Toshio Terasawa
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2385-2386
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The growth rate of the electromagnetic radiation from ion wave field through induced bremsstrahlung interaction is obtained by using the energy-momentum conservation relations.
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  • Fritz Schwarz
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2387-2388
    Published: August 15, 1982
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    The most general infinitesimal operator of a point symmetry for the two-dimensional Korteweg-deVries equation is given.
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  • Kazu-hiro Iino, Yoshi-hiko Ichikawa
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2389-2390
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    An alternative representation of the inverse scattering transformation has been found accidentally for the Korteweg-de Vries equation. Transformation of the eigenfunction reduces this new representation to the original scheme discovered by Gardner, Greene, Kruskal and Miura. A similar analysis for the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation leads to a new representation of the inverse scattering transformation.
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  • E. V. Krishnan
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2391-2392
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The classical Boussinesq equation
    (Remark: Graphics omitted.),
    has been found to have bounded periodic solutions in terms of Jacobin Cosine elliptic functions and solitary wave solutions of the form (A sech2 x)/(1+B sech2 x).
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  • Masataka Igarashi, Nobuya Nakazawa, Tokuzo Shimada, Yoshimitsu Shimizu
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2393-2399
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The resonant cross-section of e+e→1 topponium→hadrons in the region of about 50 GeV is numerically calculated by taking into account the initial-state radiative corrections to the order α3 and the finite resolution in beam energy. The radiative corrections properly include the hadronic vacuum polarization. The exponentiated correction due to soft photon emission by incident particles is given in a numerical table of the radiatively corrected resolution function. Masses and decay widths of the topponium states are estimated by solving the Schrödinger equation with Coulomb plus linear potential. The result shows that the first two resonances may be detected by the TRISTAN e+e collider.
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  • H. S. Sahota
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2400-2404
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The 153 and 270 keV transitions in 119Sb have been investigated for the presence of any anomalous conversion through conversion electron intensity and conversion-electron gamma and gamma-gamma directional correlation measurements. The resulting subshell ratios and particle parameters have been analysed for the accurate determination of mixing ratios for the transitions. The results are δ153=±0.0025 and δ270=0.10−0.20+0.03. The conversion process has been found to be normal in both cases.
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  • Shoji Hirata, Toshiharu Tako
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2405-2411
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Two dissipative structures of a nematic liquid crystal, the coherent oscillation of domains in a DC electric field (SO) and the grid pattern in an AC field (GPAC), are investigated experimentally from the viewpoint of the temporally ordered structure. For SO, a discrete change of slope of the current-voltage characteristic of the cell at threshold voltages, the estimation of coherency, the frequency pulling effect and the suppression of oscillation by an additional AC electric field and some occuring conditions are shown. For GPAC, the voltage and frequency dependences of regularity and the conditions for the most regular GPAC are determined. It is shown that the SO is more coherent than the fluctuation of GPAC.
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  • Nobuyuki Nakagiri, Motoyuki Nomura
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2412-2418
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The lattice energy was calculated on the way of the transition of KCl by the use of the transition mechanism proposed by Watanabe et al., and it was found that the potential barrier appeared between two phases, the B1 and the B2 structures. Due to the existence of the potential barrier, it was indicated that the hysteresis phenomena were derived in the pressure-induced polymorphic transition, and that the width of the hysteresis could be obtained quantitatively. The temperature dependence of the hysteresis also can be explained by the concept that the barrier can be got over by the thermal energy.
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  • Mamoru Yamashita, Hatsuo Kimura
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2419-2423
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    An anomalous temperature dependence of pitch of the helicoidal Sm C* structure near the Sm C*–Sm A transition point is investigated and attributed to the fluctuation effect of tilt angle. The large fluctuation increases the number of turns in the helicoidal structure, and leads to such an anomalous behaviour near the transition point. The deviation of the electric field dependence of pitch from the prediction of the conventional theory in this temperature region is also interpreted as the effect of that fluctuation.
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  • Fumitaka Matsubara
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2424-2432
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The magnetic ordering in a hexagonal antiferromagnetic system with both the exchange anisotropy energy and the single-ion anisotropy energy is studied by using the molecular field approximation. It is shown that the magnetic moments in an ordered phase appearing at T\lesssimTN form either a collinear structure with the moments parallel or antiparallel to the hexagonal axis or a triangular structure in the basal plane, and that an arrangement of the moments at T∼0 shows a variety of structures. Thus, the system exhibits a variety of magnetic ordering processes as the temperature lowers. Our results may give a systematic explanation of anomalous ordering processes observed in recent experiments.
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  • Kazuo Kadowaki, Kiichi Okuda, Muneyuki Date
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2433-2438
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Magnetization and magnetoresistance of itinerant electron helical magnet MnSi has been studied down to 0.45 K. A large negative magnetoresistance is observed especially around Néel temperature TN in accord with the theoretical expectation. Below 1 K, however, a positive magnetoresistance is found and it is attributed to the normal magnetoresistance due to impurity scattering. Anomalous peaks in the magnetization and magnetoresistance are observed just below TN between about 1.0 and 2.2 kOe and the existence of two new phases are suggested.
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  • Toshiro Sakakibara, Hiroshi Mollymoto, Muneyuki Date
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2439-2445
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    High field magnetization and transverse magnetoresistance of itinerant electron helical magnet MnSi are investigated at temperatures between 4.2 K and 77 K in pulsed field H0 up to 500 kOe. Large high field susceptibility and negative magnetoresistance are obtained reflecting a large spin fluctuation in this compound. A technical difficulty coming from the magnetocaloric effect under a pulsed field is treated in detail and it is found that the calibrated isothermal magnetoresistance above 150 kOe is proportional to H0−1⁄3 in accord with the theoretical expectation.
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  • Tomohei Sasada
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2446-2449
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    A study is made of solitons in the classical Heisenberg ferromagnetic chain with easy-plane anisotropy in the presence of an out-of-plane magnetic field. Two types of solitons are found, i.e., solitons have no internal degree of freedom in low fields while they have it in high fields. The excitation spectrum is obtained and discussed from the standpoint of solitons. In zero field the antiferromagnet-like magnon excitation is due to be a kink being degenerate with an antikink.
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  • Yoshinori Takahashi, Kan Usami
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2450-2458
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Antiferromagnetic metals at finite temperature are discussed based on a unified spin fluctuation theory of Moriya and Takahashi. We extend the approach by Usami and Moriya on the ferromagnetic metals which makes use of the single site coherent potential approximation to the antiferromagnetic cases. Based on a simple model of antiferromagnetism, results of numerical calculations for the 3d-metals with a FCC and a BCC structure are presented.
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  • Masanori Arakawa, Hiroaki Aoki, Hideo Takeuchi, Taturu Yosida, Kazumi ...
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2459-2463
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    EPR measurements for substituted Gd3+ centres in CsCaF3, CsCdF3, RbCdF3 and KCdF3 have been made at several temperatures in a range 77–487 K. In all the crystals the spectrum with tetragonal symmetry for Gd3+ centre associated with the nearest-neighbour cation vacancy has been observed together with that for cubic centre. The observed fourth-order parameters in the spin Hamiltonian of both cubic and tetragonal centres are discussed in the series of perovskite fluorides. The result suggests that the parameter b4 for Gd3+ in 6-fold cubic coordination changes its sign as the lattice constant decreases. The superposition model for the fourth-order parameter is examined.
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  • Satoshi Hirosawa, Yoji Nakamura
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2464-2469
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The anisotropy in the 59Co Knight shift in YCo2 at 4.2 K and the temperature dependence of the 59Co Knight shift of RCo2 (R=Pr, Er and Tm) have been observed with a spin echo technique. The anisotropy in the 59Co Knight shift is found to have the same sign as the anisotropy in 59Co hyperfine fields in magnetically ordered RCo2 compounds. The spin and orbital parts of the Co moment in RCo2 induced by an external field are estimated as a function of temperature from the observed 59Co Knight shift and magnetization. The important role of the spin-orbit coupling in the magnetism of Co in RCo2 has been discussed.
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  • Haruo Niki, Hideyuki Doi, Hiroshi Nagasawa
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2470-2477
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The proton NMR of crystalline water molecules in a single crystal of KCP was carried out in the temperature range from 50 K to 300 K. The NMR signals corresponding to three kinds of water molecular sites were observed. The temperature dependence of the separation of the Pake doublet was found to originate in the Iibrational or rotational motion. The potentials for the rocking and twisting oscillations are well explained by the model of a simple harmonic oscillator and the oscillation in a three-well potential, respectively. The obtained potential for the latter coincides with that for the spin-lattice model proposed by Kurihara et al. for the anomalous temperature dependence of the elastic constant C66 in KCP.
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  • Shoichi Tomiyoshi, Yasuo Yamaguchi
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2478-2486
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The magnetic structure and weak ferromagnetism of Mn3Sn were studied by polarized neutron diffraction at room temperature. The flipping ratio was measured for a number of Bragg reflections by rotating the crystal about the scattering vector under a magnetic field of 8 kOe applied perpendicular to the scattering vector. It was found that the spin structure has a triangular configuration of inverse geometry in the c-plane and the triangle rotates opposite to the rotation of the c-plane field component. From the analysis of the anisotropy energy it was shown that the triangle of inverse geometry is stabilized by the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction and the weak ferromagnetic moment appears from the mechanism that each spin in the inverse triangle tilts slightly toward its easy axis. It was also shown that the weak ferromagnetic moment rotates just opposite to the rotation of the triangle.
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  • Yoshikazu Nishihara, Toshikazu Katayama, Shinji Ogawa
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2487-2492
    Published: August 15, 1982
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    The Mössbauer effect of 57Fe in amorphous and crystalline YFe2 was measured from 77 K to 700 K. The average value of the quadrupole splitting in amorphous YFe2 below 400 K is nearly equal to the extrapolated value from the paramagnetic state of crystalline YFe2. The temperature dependence of absorption intensity follows the Debye model in amorphous YFe2. The ratio of the Debye temperature in amorphous state to crystalline state is 0.80±0.05 for YFe2. The isomer shift in amorphous state is smaller than that in crystalline state and increases with increasing temperature up to the value of the crystalline state.
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  • Takayuki Sato, Toshio Itami, Mitsuo Shimoji
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2493-2500
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The molar volume and the thermal expansion coefficient of liquid Hg–Tl and Hg–Cs alloys were measured by a picnometer method. The molar volume of liquid Hg–Tl alloys varies almost linearly with concentration, and that of liquid Hg–Cs alloys shows large negative deviations from the linear variation. The thermal expansion coefficient of liquid Hg–Cs alloys shows a slight hump in the dilute Cs concentration range. The concentration dependence of the molar volume of these liquid alloys calculated by a simple pseudopotential approach are qualitatively in good agreement with experiment.
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  • Shoichi Mase, Takeshi Fukami, Toshinobu Yamaguchi
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2501-2510
    Published: August 15, 1982
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    Investigating the magnetoacoustic attenuation in bismuth under simultaneous absorption due to electrons and holes, we have found that at a characteristic temperature T0 (\lesssim2.5 K) a peak occurs in the plot of the attenuation coefficient α(T, f, Hp) versus T at the angles |θ−90°|∼2° and at Hp∼20 kG. Here the sound wave vector q is applied in parallel to the trigonal axis and H is in a bisectrix-trigonal plane, and θ is the angle between q and H. We have also found that the slope of α(T, f, Hp) versus frequency f is quite large at TT0 but it is rather normal at T>>T0. The occurrence of T0 and the enhancement degree of the magnitude of α(T0, f, Hp) are sensitive to physical imperfections as well as the angle θ. The origin of the anomaly is discussed on the basis of some phenomenological models.
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  • Masatoshi Mori, Shoichi Mase
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2511-2517
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    We have measured the giant quantum attenuation of longitudinal sound waves in antimony in high magnetic fields up to 135 kG, in particular in the situation of simultaneous absorption due to electrons and holes. The sound wave vector q was applied in parallel to the trigonal axis, and H was in a bisectrix-trigonal plane. We have found that the attenuation coefficient α(T, f, H) is very large and its half width is quite narrow at θ=94° and 97°. Here θ is the angle between q and H. The temperature dependence and the frequency dependence of α(T, f, Hp) at the peak position Hp are also rather anomalous. On the basis of Kuramoto’s theory, these data are analyzed in terms of the correlation effect on α(T, f, H). The result suggests that some modifications of the theory are required to explain all aspects of the present anomalies.
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  • Tomio Inoue, Shoichi Mase
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2518-2524
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    We have measured the temperature and frequency dependences of the giant quantum attenuation of longitudinal sound waves in pyrolytic graphite, in particular in the situation of simultaneous absorption due to electrons and holes. The sound wave vector q was applied in parallel to the c-axis, and the magnetic field vector H was in a plane containing the c-axis. We have found that the slopes of the plots of the attenuation coefficient α(T, f, Hp) versus temperature T and α(T, f, Hp) versus frequency f at the peak field Hp∼19 kG are anomalously large at θ<10°. The magnitude of α(T, f, Hp) is also very large. Here θ is the angle between q and H. On the basis of Kuramoto’s theory, these data are analyzed in terms of the correlation effect on α(T, f, H). The result suggests that some modifications of the theory are required to explain all aspects of the present anomalies.
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  • Ichiro Watanabe, Shigeru Shiomi, Tatsuo Shimizu
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2525-2531
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Anomalous temperature dependence of ESR signal has been observed in amorphous Ge–S near the composition of Ge42S58. The result is interpreted by assuming the presence of Ge dangling bonds with negative (U<0) and positive effective-electron-correlation-energy (U>0). The density of the defects with U<0 and U>0 are ∼1017 and ∼1015 cm−3 respectively. In Ge30S70 glass, both S dangling bonds with U<0 and U>0 are likely to exist although the normal temperature dependence of ESR signal is observed. Difference between bulk and film samples, and the effect of Ag doping are also studied. The magnitude of the negative U in various samples is correlated with the slope of the Urbach tail in the optical absorption edge.
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  • Kazuo Gesi
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2532-2537
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Dielectric properties and phase transitions were studied for single crystals of deuterated compounds {N(CD3)4}2XCl4 (X: Zn, Co, Cu). In -ZnCl4 compound, the ferroelectric phase disappears by deuteration, and only a small peak of the dielectric contant was observed at about 9.5°C in the incommensurate region. Disappearance of the lower temperature incommensurate phase by deuteration was observed in -CoCL4 compound. Shifts of the transition temperatures by deuteration were found for -CuCl4 compound. The results were discussed incomparison with the effect of pressure.
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  • Hiroyuki Mashiyama, Sigetosi Tanisaki, Katsumi Hamano
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2538-2544
    Published: August 15, 1982
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    The modulation wavevector (Remark: Graphics omitted.) exhibits remarkable thermal hysteresis over a wide temperature range including the incommensurate-commensurate transition point in the mixed crystal system (Rb1−xKx)2ZnCl4 with x=0, 0.005, 0.02, 0.28, 0.92, 0.997 and 1. This hysteresis seems to correspond to the thermal hysteresis observed in the dielectric constant and to support the proposal by Hamano et al. that the pinning of the modulation wave by defects causes the hysteresis. In the Rb rich case (x≤0.02), the parameter δ has a tendency to be fixed to the value realized at the normal-incommensurate transition point. In the K rich case (x=0.997), it decreases monotonically with decreasing temperature, with a plateau in a middle range of the incommensurate phase. In the middle range of x, δ is pinned to a constant value down to low temperature.
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  • Masaharu Tokunaga
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2545-2553
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The Fourier transforms of the dipole-dipole interaction D(q) are mathematically examined in orthorhombic lattices. The following rules are proved: (1) D(q) take minima at the Brillouin zone boundaries qZB in simple lattices. (2) This fact is an origin of energy minima of D(q) at incommensurate wave vectors qIC shown by numerical computations when body-, or base-centred sublattices are added; it is a necessary condition for qIC that qZB is doubled along the direction of q by the addition of these sublattices.
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  • Hidehiko Sugimoto, Yuh Fukai
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2554-2561
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Calculations have been performed of the energy and wave functions of H(D) atoms self-trapped on interstitial sites in fcc and bcc metals. The Schrödinger equation for a H(D) atom is solved in the field of interaction potential with surrounding metal atoms approximated by a sum of central pair potentials. Both ground and excited states have been studied for the purpose of making comparison with observed optical mode spectra of inelastic neutron scattering.
    It is shown from these calculations that a consistent understanding can be obtained of the excitation energy of a H atom on the T-site in V, Nb, Ta (bcc), the O-site in β-VHx (bct) and the O-site in Pd (fcc).
    Comparison of the calculated wave functions with Fourier-reconstructed density maps from neutron diffraction experiments is also made.
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  • Masaru Tsukada, Toshiharu Hoshino
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2562-2567
    Published: August 15, 1982
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    To cancel the average bulk macroscopic field compensating charge should be induced on the polar surface of compound crystals. In this paper we clarify the mechanism of the charge compensation by performing the DV–Xα calculations on the clusters M13X13 representing the polar surface of the rock-salt type crystals. The MgO (111) and TiC (111) surface are chosen as the example of the polar surfaces of the ionic and covalent crystals, respectively. Peculiar electronic structures of the polar surfaces leading to the charge compensation are revealed for the anion and the cation surface of these crystals. Especially metallic character of the cation surface is found, which is related to the enhanced chemical activities of these surfaces.
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  • Masuo Fukui, Yuji Kuwamura, Osamu Tada
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2568-2574
    Published: August 15, 1982
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    We present numerical studies of Raman scattering from surface polaritons in a free-standing thin sample with rough surfaces, as experimentally observed earlier by Ushioda, Aziza, Valdez and Mattei. The surface roughness is assumed to be represented by a sinusoidal grating. In our model, the net enhancement of the Raman cross section is shown to arise from excitation of guided mode polaritons.
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  • Hiroshi Numata
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2575-2581
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Electromagnetic field intensity is calculated numerically near a sinusoidal metal surface and for a p-polarized incident wave. We define the magnitude of electromagnetic enhancement in SERS by the electric field strength on the metal surface, which is enhanced at the resonance of a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode. Then we have the enhancement factor to be at most 100, which is much smaller than the observed enhancement.
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  • Masayuki Fujita, Shuji Asaka, Hiroki Nakatsuka, Masahiro Matsuoka
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2582-2590
    Published: August 15, 1982
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    Backward generation of echoes with three-pulse excitation is discussed in solid and gaseous systems. The backward echo in gases is possible as in solids but with different combinations of incident pulse directions. The first experiments in a gas were performed on the atomic sodium D1 line in both the nanosecond and the picosecond region. Furthermore, we have observed the first backward echo in a molecular system, that is, in both of the XΣ-AΣ and XΣ-BΠ transitions of Na2. Decays of the echoes were measured as a function of buffer gas (Ar) pressure, and collisional cross sections due to phase interrupting collisions were evaluated for each of the above cases.
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  • Makoto Kuwata, Nobukata Nagasawa
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2591-2596
    Published: August 15, 1982
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    The two-photon self-induced polarization rotation effect of an elliptically polarized laser beam is demonstrated experimentally in the giant two-photon absorption (GTA) region of Γ1 excitonic molecule in CuCl. The rotation angle of the principal axsis is found to be proportional to the incident beam intensity and sin 2ψ where ψ is its ellipticity angle. On the basis of a simplified four-level model, these characters are expressed quantitatively by the difference between the non-linear susceptibilities for the right- and the left-circularly polarized components of the elliptical polarized beam. The non-linear dispersion curve associated with the GTA resonance is determined.
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  • Akito Kakizaki, Hidenao Sugawara, Ichiro Nagakura, Yoshikazu Ishikawa, ...
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2597-2603
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The valence band photoemission has been observed on MnSi, FeSi and CoSi over the excitation energy range from 40 to 130 eV. In MnSi, the spectral profile is consistent with the reported energy band calculation. The width of the main band decreases in the order of MnSi, FeSi and CoSi, indicating that the 3d electrons tend to localize more as the number of the 3d electrons increases. In FeSi and CoSi, the spectral feature near the Fermi edge is consistent with the existence of a narrow energy gap in the valence-conduction band, although the gap itself is not resolved. In all three materials, no satellite is found. Weak 3p-3d resonance is found in the photoemission in each material.
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  • Yuzo Yoshikuni, Arao Nakamura, Shigeo Shionoya, Masaki Aihara
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2604-2609
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Optical dephasing due to intermolecular interaction is studied for pentacence molecules introduced in naphthalene and p-terphenyl crystals by measuring the ordinary photon echo and the accumulated three-pulse echo. It is found that the reciprocal of pure dephasing time increases linearly with the guest molecule concentration at low temperature where pure dephasing is known to be temperature-independent. A new model based on virtual transfer of excitation energy, i.e. energy transfer without phonon asistance, between guest molecules is presented to interpret this dephasing process. It is shown that observed linear dependence of the line width representing pure dephasing is well interpreted by this model, and that the calculated relationship between the line width and concentration agrees with the experimental one within a factor of about two.
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  • Motoichi Shibuya, Kazuto Hirata
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2610-2618
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    By following straightforwardly the model originally proposed by Phillips and Van Vechten and revised afterwards by Kleinman for explaining the nonlinear optical constants of zinc-blende type semiconductors, without their important but invalid assumption ⟨a|ξ|a⟩+⟨b|ξ|b⟩=0, we have proved that their model is essentially equivalent to the primitive LCHO–MO model and the combination parameter λ and the overlapping integral S in the latter model are related with the two parameters Eh and C, the homopolar and heteropolar energy gaps, in the former model, in a simple form λ={(Eg+Eh)\sqrt1−S+C\sqrt1+S}⁄{(Eg+Eh)\sqrt1−SC\sqrt1+S}. Observed values of the SHG constant χ123(2) of several semiconductors are compared with the calculated values by introducing the reduction factor 2/3 on the heteropolar energy gap C.
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  • Takashi Fujikawa
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2619-2627
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    High- and low-energy X-ray photoemission is discussed by using Dyson orbitals which are useful to describe the many-body effects. Up to the first-order interaction between the photoelectron and the remaining system is taken into account. Also the formal discussions are given for EXAFS, XANES and resonant photoemission. One of the first-order interaction terms is essential for the discussion of resonant photoemission, and may be important for the discussion of XANES in this theoretical framework.
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  • Takashi Sakuma, Hideshi Fujishita, Sadao Hoshino
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2628-2634
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The phase transition and the structure of a superionic conductor Ag3SBr0.5I0.5 were investigated by specific heat, X-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements. The ordered phase (γ-phase) concerning the Ag distribution was discovered below 115 K. The transition heat and the entropy change for the γ-β phase transition are 0.19 kcal/mol. and 1.6 cal/mol. deg., respectively.
    X-ray structure analysis showed that the structure of the β-phase was isomorphous with that of β-Ag3SI and β-Ag3SBr, but the structure of the γ-phase was neither the same as γ-Ag3SI nor γ-Ag3SBr. The structure of γ-Ag3SBr0.5I0.5 belongs to the orthorhombic system with the lattice constant a(\simeqb\simeqc)=9.637±0.002 Å at 99 K which is almost doubled the lattice constant of the β-phase at room temperature (a=4.842±0.003 Å). The structure and the phase transitions of the system Ag3SBrxI1−x are discussed.
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  • Michiyoshi Tanaka, Ryuichi Saito, Kaoru Tsuzuki
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2635-2640
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The space group of the antiferroelectric phase of lead zirconate is determined to be Pbam by conventional and convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). The coordinates of the oxygen atoms are determined by fitting the computed intensities of 2k1, 3k1 and 4k1 reflections to the experimental ones obtained from very thin regions of specimens by CBED.
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  • Hiroshi Daimon, Shigeo Hayashi, Tamotsu Kondow, Kozo Kuchitsu
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2641-2649
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Elastic scattering cross sections of electrons by O2 were measured by a cross-beam method at incident energies between 200 and 500 eV and at scattering angles, θ, from 4° to 150°. The relative cross sections at 500 eV were normalized to the absolute ones measured by Bromberg at 2–40°. The absolute values at 200–400 eV were estimated by taking the ratio of the relative cross section at 90° to that measured at 500 eV and 90° with fluxes of electrons and gas molecules unaltered; they were in good agreement with those reported by Bromberg in the overlapping region (at 300, 400 eV and at 4–40°) within experimental uncertainties of about 10% for θ≤30° and 5% for θ>30°. Calculations based on the independent-atom model in which the effect of intramolecular multiple scattering was included were found to account for the measured cross sections.
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  • Tetsuo Koizumi, Kazuhiko Okuno, Nobuo Kobayashi, Yozaburo Kaneko
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2650-2656
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    An injected-ion drift tube mass spectrometer is used to determine the cross sections of processes Kr++Kr→Kr+Kr+, Xe++Xe→Xe+Xe+, Kr+++Kr→Kr+Kr++, and Xe+++Xe→Xe+Xe++. The drift tube was operated with He buffer gas and cooled with liquid nitrogen so that the energy range studied was widened as from 10 meV to 10 eV. It was found that, at the lowest energy end, the energy dependence of cross section for single charge transfer deviates from that expected by linear trajectory model. For double charge transfer, the cross section below 1 eV almost coincide with the orbiting cross section with a charge transfer probability 1/2. Above 1 eV, the energy dependence of the cross section is like that for single charge transfer. Mobilities of Kr+, Xe+, Kr++, and Xe++ in He at 296 K and 82 K are presented also.
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  • Kazuhiro Sakimoto
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2657-2665
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The PRS (perturbed rotational state—rotationally adiabatic state) method is applied to the collision system of an ion and a linear molecule which possesses a strong, weak or vanishing dipole moment. The structure of the intermolecular interaction with a negative quadrupole and a weak dipole moments is characterized by a ridge and two valleys. This structure has a critical importance for the adiabatic state, as is seen in the cases—the two-electron-excited state of atoms and the Rydberg atom in a magnetic field—pointed out by Fano. Consideration of the adiabatic state in the ion-molecule system supplies a classification of polar and weakly-polar molecules.
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  • M. Bashir Chaudhry, Tsuguhiro Watanabe, Kyoji Nishikawa
    1982 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 2666-2672
    Published: August 15, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Electrostatic eigenmodes in a sheet plasma of thickness of the order of the ion Larmor radius ρi have been studied numerically. The frequency range considered is in the ion cyclotron regime, where the ion Bernstein mode and the electrostatic ion cyclotron mode can be excited. The method is based on an integral equation in the wavenumber space derived from the Vlasov-Poisson system of equations and on the direct computation of the integral equation. Eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions are studied systematically by varying the plasma thickness, the plasma density, the electron-to-ion temperature ratio and the parallel wavenumber. Unique features for the case of the ideal sheet plasma, where the plasma thickness is equal to ρi are disclosed and explained by a simple physical model, whereas for a plasma of thickness 5ρi the eigenfrequencies are nearly equal to those of a uniform plasma. Results are compared with experimental results.
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