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Sadao Masamune, Hiroyuki Okada, Hiroshi Nishihara
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3693-3696
Published: November 15, 1983
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A neutral hydrogen beam has been used for determining the effective ion charge
Zeff and the proton density of the NOVA II tokamak plasma. In the hydrogen plasma, the
Zeff was close to 1, and the proton density was found to be nearly equal to the electron density. In the hydrogen plasma with an injection of a considerable amount of methane gas, the
Zeff determined by the neutral beam probe and by the plasma conductivity showed good agreement around the value of 2. The time behavior of the densities of protons and carbons indicates that the effective confinement time for carbon may be a little shorter than that for hydrogen.
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Kazutoshi Gouhara, Ying Hao Li, Norio Kato
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3697-3699
Published: November 15, 1983
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The intermediate phase (IP) between α and β phases of quartz, which has been reported previously by the present authors, was studied by a fine-beam X-ray Laue method. Then, one could find satellite reflections. The analysis shows that IP has a sinusoidal and displacive modulated structure which is characterized by 6 wave vectors
q perpendicular to the
a axes. The wave is transversal in the C-plane. The period
Λ=
q−1 of the modulation and the associated intensities increase as temperature decreases; i.e.
Λ=172±10 Å on β side and 565±25 Å on α side. The satellites are likely owing to the optical mode of the displacive vibration of SiO
4 tetrahedra.
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Hikaru Terauchi, Satoshi Iida, Kazuhiro Tanabe, Kenji Kikukawa, Hirono ...
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3700-3702
Published: November 15, 1983
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From the EXAFS and the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) studies of Wolffram’s red salt, the locally distorted structure of the linear chain is determined and the mixed valencies of Pt ions are directly confirmed.
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Morikazu Toda, Noriko Saitoh
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3703-3705
Published: November 15, 1983
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The classical specific heat of the exponential lattice at constant length is derived and its asymptotic behaviours are studied.
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Yoshiro Sasaki, Kunihiro Hoshi, Satoshi Saito, Kunihiko Yamaguchi, Yui ...
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3706-3709
Published: November 15, 1983
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Optical absorption spectra of layered compound GaS are measured near the indirect edge under uniaxial pressure parallel to the
c-axis (perpendicular to the layer) at 4.2 K. The deduced values of the deformation potential for the indirect edge are
D⊥i=−8.0±2.5 eV and
D⁄⁄i=−2.3±0.4 eV for the strain perpendicular and parallel to the
c-axis, respectively. The sign and anisotropy of the deformation potentials obtained here are discussed on the basis of the band model characteristic of layered materials, where the competition between interlayer and intralayer interactions determines the pressure dependence of their band gaps.
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Mitita Goto, Tatsuo Kamimori
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3710-3712
Published: November 15, 1983
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Magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K
1 of Fe
1−xSi
x (0.08≤
x≤0.25) in both as-quenched and after-annealed samples was determined from torque measurements in 77∼300 K, in order to make clear the difference in K
1 between disorder and order phase (D0
3 type) of Fe
3Si at
x=0.25. The difference in K
1 between both the cases began to appear at
x\simeq0.17, and values of K
1 for
x=0.25 were determined to be −1.01× and 0.94×10
5 erg/cm
3 at 77 K in the as-quenched and the after-annealed, respectively. This difference in K
1 was apparently due to the one in the degree of order in D0
3; the former value was thought to be of nearly perfect disorder in long range and the latter of perfect order. In any case, it was concluded that K
1 of Fe
3Si is negative in disorder and positive in order (D0
3).
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Akira Nakamura
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3713-3721
Published: November 15, 1983
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We have found new exact solutions of the coupled nonlinear Schroedinger equation of Benney-Roskes which is written as
iut−β
uxx+γ
uyy+δ
u*uu−2
wu=0, β
wxx+γ
wyy−βδ(
u*u)
xx=0. Three types of new solutions have been obtained. They are described by the Hermite polynomials, the Bessel function of order ±1⁄4 and ±1⁄3 (Airy function). Physically these solutions represent exploding and decaying solitons.
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Masayoshi Tajiri
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3722-3726
Published: November 15, 1983
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The soliton solutions of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon and coupled nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations,
utt−
uxx+
mu−
r|
u|
2u=0 and
utt−
uxx+
mu−
r|
u|
2u−2
vu=0,
vtt+
vxx+
r|
u|
2xx=0, are analysed to see a relation between the character of soliton solutions and the Painlevé property. It is also shown that the coupled nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation has the two-soliton resonant interaction solution.
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Masayoshi Tajiri, Mari Hagiwara
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3727-3734
Published: November 15, 1983
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It is shown that the two-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation is reduced first to the coupled Klein-Gordon, one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation and others, and secondly to the second Painlevé equation and others by similarity transformations. The similar-type soliton solutions of the equation are obtained.
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Mamoru Yamashita
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3735-3742
Published: November 15, 1983
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Chiral smectic C liquid crystal of planar geometry put between two glass plates shows a structure with double of vortex streets. The order parameter characterizing the chiral smectic C phase satisfies an equation similar to the Ginzburg-Pitaevskii equation for liquid helium and its spatial variation is studied. A pitch of smectic C phase is inversely proportional to density of pairs of vortex and anti-vortex, and increases with decreasing plate-separation as a result of competition between chirality of the material and the strain energy due to vortex streets produced by the boundaries. The competition effect leads to the decrease of the transition temperature between smectic A and chiral smectic C phases in agreement with the experimental results.
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Hachiro Niizeki, Tsutomu Tamura
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3743-3747
Published: November 15, 1983
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The decay scheme of
95Y to
95Zr has been studied with Ge(Li) and anthracene spectrometers. The beta branchings to the ground state and the 18 excited states of
95Zr were determined reliably. Properties of the
95Zr levels excited by unhindered allowed transitions are discussed.
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Keiichi Shibata, Shoji Shirato
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3748-3758
Published: November 15, 1983
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The differential cross sections for the reactions
9Be(n, α
0)
6He(g.s.) and
9Be(n, α
1)
6He
* and the α-α particle-correlation spectrum from the
9Be(n, αα)nn reaction have been measured using 14.1 MeV neutrons. The measured angular distributions of α-particles were in good agreement with those of Perroud and Sellem at 13.99 MeV, and were compared with DWBA calculations. The spectroscopic factors for the cluster transfer reactions on
9Be have been deduced. The observed correlation spectrum implies that this four-body breakup reaction is dominated by a sequential decay process in the measured α-particle energy region. The second and third excited states in
6He have been confirmed to be located at around 3.4 MeV and 6.0 MeV, respectively.
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Shoji Takagi, Shunsuke Ohtani, Kiyoshi Kadota, Junji Fujita
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3759-3765
Published: November 15, 1983
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Cross sections for one-electron capture by highly stripped ions of Be, B and C from H
2 and Ar are measured at low energies below 10 keV. The cross sections are nearly independent of the collision energy investigated. The distinct oscillation with incident ionic charge
q in the cross sections are observed.
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Keizo Nakagawa, Hidenori Takeda, Takuya Matsuda
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3766-3772
Published: November 15, 1983
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An analytic solution of non-axisymmetric flow in a rotating cylinder with a sloping bottom and a flat top, which is rotating slightly farster than the other walls, is obtained for compressible fluid, and is compared with the imcompressible counterpart considered by Pedlosky and Greenspan. In the incompressible fluid the flow field is
z-independent due to Taylor-Proudman theorem, and the phenomenon so called westward intensification is observed. In the compressible case, on the other hand, horizontal flow lines are circular, while non-axisymmetric weak
z-motion is induced by the bottom slope.
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Masahiro Nakagawa, Tadashi Akahane
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3773-3781
Published: November 15, 1983
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An electrohydrodynamic instability in homeotropically aligned nematic samples with positive dielectric anisotropy is presented. The analogy between the present instability and the thermally induced instabilities is found in experiments. It is pointed out that the effects of the charge injection due to the thermionic omission process and of the diffusion current must be taken into account to explain the presently observed new domains.
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Masahiro Nakagawa, Tadashi Akahane
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3782-3789
Published: November 15, 1983
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A new type of electrohydrodynamic instability previously found is theoretically studied. It is found that the presently observed instability is closely related to the Felici or Bénard type of instability but not to the Carr-Helfrich one. The present study shows the importance of the carrier injection from the electrodes to explain the cellular domain formation under a DC electric field.
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Moon-Uhn Kim
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3790-3799
Published: November 15, 1983
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The Stokes flow due to the motion of a small sphere translating in arbitrary directions is investigated in the presence of a salient wedge. Formal solutions of the boundary value problem are obtained on the basis of the point force approximation. The force and the torque experienced by the sphere are determined by evaluating the formal expressions.
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Makoto Okamura, Takuji Kawahara
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3800-3806
Published: November 15, 1983
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The Hopf-Cole transformation is used to obtain a steady solution of the forced Burgers equation when the driving force is a sinusoid. A reduced linear equation of damped Mathieu type is solved numerically by a Fourier expansion method. It is found that steady solutions exist for arbitrary values of the viscosity and the forcing. Whether the waveform is smooth or a shock appears depends on the relative magnitudes of the viscosity and the forcing. Comparisons are made with analytical solutions in some limiting cases and also with matched solutions.
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Kanemitsu Katou
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3807-3812
Published: November 15, 1983
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A nonlinear analysis of the dynamic behavior of dissipative drift-waves is developed. Near the neutral stable point, the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation with complex coefficients is derived from the two-fluid equations which describe the dissipative drift-waves, by means of reductive perturbation. The convective cell excited by the nonlinear self-interaction of a linearly stable drift-wave is undamped and is adiabatically enslaved by the drift-wave. The system composed of the drift-wave and convective cell self-organizes as the external magnetic field exceeds a certain critical value and tends asymptotically to a stable nonequilibrium state (nonlinear saturation). The saturation level of a single, linearly unstable drift-wave in a non-isothermal plasma is obtained as a function of critical wavenumber, density gradient scale length, plasma temperature and magnetic field.
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Tatsuro Miyasato, Masao Tokumura
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3813-3820
Published: November 15, 1983
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Magnetic field effect on the acoustic attenuation at 0.83 and 3.35 GHz in 0.45 and 1.7×10
16 Sb/cm
3 doped Ge was measured in the [001] magnetic field up to 60 kG at liquid He temperatures. The experimental results are summarized as follows: (1) The attenuation decreases with the field and shows a minimum at 27 kG and then increases. (2) The position of the minimum point is nearly independent of the donor concentration, the temperature, and the frequency. (3) The magnitude of the effect shows a sub-linear dependence on the donor concentration. The experimental results were compared with a theoretical calculation based on the shrinkage effect of the donor wave function to the phonon scattering by the neutral donor electrons at the ground state. The theory explains the decrease of the attenuation at lower fields, but does not explain the anomalous increase at higher fields.
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Kazutoshi Gouhara, Ying Hao Li, Norio Kato
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3821-3828
Published: November 15, 1983
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By using high intensity X-ray generator (50 keV, 1200 mA) and TV imaging system, diffraction topographs of quartz in a range from room temperature up to 800°C were surveyed. The phase transition at
Tc=573°C was studied with an emphasis on elucidating the intermediate region (IR) between α(low) and β(high) phases. The topographs show clearly the existence of IR within a range of 1∼2 degrees. It is a stable thermodynamical phase. The boundary energy of α and IR is appreciably larger than that of β and IR. Often, fringe-like contrasts appeared along
c axis in IR, particularly under a relatively fast cooling. Neither micro twin model of α
1 and α
2 structures nor a mixture model of α and β are acceptable for IR. The structure is likely to have a six-fold symmetry as that of the β phase.
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Manabu Endo, Tsutomu Kaneko, Toshio Osaka, Yasuharu Makita
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3829-3832
Published: November 15, 1983
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The dielectric constants of K
3H(SeO
4)
2 and its partially deuterated crystal were measured from 5 K to 400 K. It was found that K
3H(SeO
4)
2 undergoes a phase transition accompanied with a small peak in the dielectric constant at about 20 K. The peak of the dielectric constant was shifted from 20 K to 73 K by deuteration of about 70%.
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Michio Midorikawa, Hiroshi Orihara, Yoshihiro Ishibashi, Tadaharu Mina ...
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3833-3836
Published: November 15, 1983
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The space group of the low temperature phase of sodium azide NaN
3 was confirmed to be a monoclinic C
2h3. The distinct phase front could be seen by polarizing-microscopic observations at the trigonal-monoclinic transition, suggesting that the transition is of the first order. A drastic change in specimen dimension observed by dilatometric measurements supports the first order transition.
On the basis of detected anomalies in strain the pressure-temperature phase diagram is produced in the range up to 250°C and 6 kbar.
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Katsukuni Yonashiro, Tomozo Tomoyose, Eijiro Sakai
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3837-3844
Published: November 15, 1983
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The ionic conductivity and the thermoelectric power in superionic conductors are expressed as functions of the concentration of ions and the interaction energy in the framework of the lattice gas model. Under appropriate conditions, the results obtained are in good agreement with those of experiments.
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Yoshihiro Hamauzu, Fuminori Tamura, Akihiko Ooi
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3845-3852
Published: November 15, 1983
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The propagation matrix method is applied to atom diffraction at solid surfaces. The basic equations for describing atom diffraction become the simultaneous linear differential equations for the propagation matrix. The diffraction intensity is expressed in terms of the propagation matrix. This method is applied to the calculation of intensity versus incident angle curves for the diffraction of helium beams from the lithium fluoride (001) plane. It is found that the unitarity of the scattering matrix is satisfied very well. Furthermore the dependence of the diffraction intensity on the surface lattice vibrations is investigated.
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Masahiro Inoue, Kazuo Ohtaka
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3853-3864
Published: November 15, 1983
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An electromagnetic theory for the light absorption by a cluster of metal spheres and the Raman scattering by a molecule adsorbed on it is presented, which takes into account the retardation effect exactly and is applicable to an arbitrary cluster size. The theory is applied to a two-sphere cluster of Ag and Au. It is shown that the absorption spectrum is doubly peaked and the maximum enhancement factor of the Raman intensity amounts to 10
7∼10
8 when the distance between spheres is decreased. Absorption spectra of three- and four-sphere clusters are also calculated, which indicate that the essential features of the experimental observations are explained by the two-sphere cluster.
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Keiichiro Nasu
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3865-3873
Published: November 15, 1983
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The phase diagram of a one-dimensional many-electron system with site-diagonal electron-phonon(e-p) coupling and short-ranged inter-site electron-electron(e-e) repulsion as well as intra-site one is studied within the mean field theory for electrons and in the adiabatic limit for phonons. The theory covers the whole region of four parameters characterizing the system: the transfer energy of electron
T, the e-p coupling energy
S, the intra- and inter-site e-e repulsive enegies
U and
V, and the phase diagram is given in a tetrahedral coordinate space spanned by
T,
U,
S and
V. It is proved that the “
T-
U-
S-
V tetrahedron” is divided into SDW and CDW regions by the interface
U=
S+2
V, that is, “
S” competes with “
U” but cooperates with “
V”. The “
S↔
U” and “
S↔
T” competitions appeared in the energy gap of CDW can explain the experimental results of halogen-bridged mixed-valence metal complexs.
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Hiroyoshi Suematsu, Ryusuke Nishitani, Ryozo Yoshizaki, Masatsugu Suzu ...
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3874-3885
Published: November 15, 1983
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We have investigated the induced (
M) and residual (
Mr) magnetizations in the 2nd stage NiCl
2-graphite intercalation compound at 4.2 to 300 K in the fields of 0.1 to 4.5×10
4 Oe with using the well-staged single crystal samples. Two successive magnetic phase transitions have been observed at
Tc1=17.5 K and
Tcu=22.0 K. Above
Tcu the compound is paramagnetic with θ=70±1 K and μ
eff=3.29 μ
B. In the intermediate phase (
Tc1<
T<
Tcu) the index δ in
M∼
Hint1⁄δ has a remarkable temperature dependence from 1.0(
T>
Tcu) to 2.0(
T<18.5 K) in the intermediate fields (1\lesssim
Hint\lesssim80 Oe) whereas it takes unity in the low fields (
Hint\lesssim1 Oe).
Mr measured in a weak cooling field
Hc shows two stepwise decreases at temperatures immediately below
Tc1 and
Tcu, respectively, and
Mr being finite in the intermediate phase. This two-step decrease of
Mr has not been observed for
Hc>10 Oe. These results suggest the existence of an ordered state at
Hint<1 Oe in the intermediate phase. The critical behavior of χ(
T) and δ(
T) and the magnetic structure of the ordered state are also discussed.
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Fusayoshi J. Ohkawa
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3886-3896
Published: November 15, 1983
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It is discussed that a competition between a formation of the singlet bound state at each site and an exchange interaction plays an important role in a periodic Anderson Hamiltonian with large Coulomb correlation. As the depth of
f levels measured from the chemical potential is shallower, each
f level site is more likely to behave independently; the depth is related with the number of
f electrons per site (
nf). Therefore the system can be classified into three regimes: i) The first one is the independent
f level regime where
nf is significantly less than one. ii) In the crossover regime where
nf is nearly one, each
f level site behaves independently at high temperatures. However a band-like coherent behavior, or magnetic orderings are expected at low temperatures. iii) In the RKKY regime where
nf is very nearly one, magnetic orderings are expected at low temperatures.
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Fusayoshi J. Ohkawa
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3897-3906
Published: November 15, 1983
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Ordered states of a periodic Anderson Hamiltonian with large Coulomb correlation and with orbital degeneracy of localized levels are theoretically investigated. When the number of
f electrons is nearly one per site, and when the exchange interaction is antiferromagnetic as a whole, it is predicted that an antiferromagnetic type ordering occurs in the orbital order of localized levels at a certain low temperature accompanied by the lattice distortion due to the Jahn-Teller effect, and that a ferromagnetic or an antiferromagnetic ordering of spin, if it occurs, occurs at a lower temperature. One of the most characteristic features of this orbital ordered state is a strong coupling between orbital antiferromagnetic moments and spin ferromagnetic ones. It is tried to explain the experimental data of CeB
6 with a model that a quartet is the ground multiplet of localized levels.
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Naoshi Suzuki
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3907-3918
Published: November 15, 1983
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Magnetic properties of the triangular spin (TS) structure of hexagonal antiferromagnets with singlet-ground-state (SGS) character are studied on the basis of the dynamical correlated-effective-field approximation (DCEFA). How the SGS character is reflected in the magnetic excitation is investigated particularly in detail. In contrast with the usual spin wave theory which gives only one branch of the magnetic excitation the DCEFA predicts two branches, both of which are observable by inelastic neutron scattering measurements in case of strong SGS character. The magnetic excitations observed by Petitgrand
et al. in the ordered state of RbFeCl
3 are shown to be well understood within the TS structure model by using the DCEFA.
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Ko Kurosawa, Shozo Saito, Yasuo Yamaguchi
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3919-3926
Published: November 15, 1983
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Neutron diffraction study on the layer compounds MnPS
3 and FePS
3 reveals a collinear antiferromagnetic order, respectively, below
TN=78 K and 120 K with the corresponding wave vectors
k=[000] and (
Remark: Graphics omitted.), the magnetic moments pointing to the direction perpendicular to the layer planes for both cases. The intralayer exchange parameters between first (
J1), second (
J2) and third nearest neighbors (
J3) are all antiferromagnetic for MnPS
3, whereas for FePS
3 J1 is ferromagnetic and
J2 and
J3 are antiferromagnetic, all of which have the same sign as those for the respective selenium compounds, but the absolute values are a bit larger in the sulfides than in the selenides.
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Kunihiko Morimoto, Kenji Shimomura, Makoto Yoshida
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3927-3935
Published: November 15, 1983
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Temperature dependence of the
35Cl spin-lattice relaxation time
T1 (5.85 and 3.5 MHz) and that of
T1ρ in the rotating frame have been measured in ND
4Cl and NH
4Cl between 330 K and 77 K. The 90°-flip motion of ammonium ions is investigated in detail. The spin-lattice relaxation times of
35Cl may be interpreted to be a typical one governed by the reorientation of ammonium ions in the extremely asymmetric potential well.
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Kiyoshi Kawamura, Satoshi Kaneko, Takuro Tsuzuku
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3936-3942
Published: November 15, 1983
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The conduction electron spin resonance of graphite has been investigated, using well defined near-ideal crystals and rather two-dimensional pyrolytic graphite specimens at temperatures between 100 K and 300 K. The effects of slight neutron irradiation on the former and of boronation on the latter were also examined. Experimental results were analyzed in accordance with the procedure developed by Feher and Kip. The
g-shift data are compared with the band-theoretical calculations by McClure-Yafet and McClure; a decreasing trend with the depression of Fermi level as well as its temperature dependence is noted to be in connection with the spin-orbit splitting of the Landau level at the band degeneracy. The relaxation time is found to be a monotonously increasing function of temperature in qualitative agreement with the Elliott mechanism.
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Mitsumasa Ishiwata
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3943-3952
Published: November 15, 1983
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Concrete equations of motion describing longitudinal relaxation of an AX system under irradiation of a selective rf field are worked out on the basis of Bloch’s density matrix theory. These equations are composed of thermal relaxation and coherent motion of the stirred spin, which determine dynamical characteristics of the spin system. Explicit equations of motion are obtained also for the magnetizations of another spin observed in the saturation-recovery experiment under double resonance. When the stirring field is not too strong to cause any appreciable splitting of the observed line, the recovery of the observed line can be described in terms of several exponential decay terms together with a pair of oscillating terms corresponding to the coherent nutation.
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K\={o}ki Takanashi, Hiroshi Yasuoka, Yutaka Ueda, K\={o}ji Kosuge
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3953-3959
Published: November 15, 1983
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An extensive study of the
51V NMR in VO
2 has been made between 4.2 K and 600 K, particularly laying stress on the analysis of the temperature dependence of the nuclear relaxation rate 1⁄
T1. In the metallic (M) phase (
T>
Tt=340 K) an exchange-enhanced Korringa relaxation process for 1⁄
T1 is observed and the spin fluctuation effects have been treated within RPA. In the insulating (I) phase (
T<
Tt), 1⁄
T1(
T) cannot be explained from a simple band model and it is proposed that the hopping motion of the self-trapped carriers or excitons are responsible for the relaxation process. The
51V NMR in the substitutional compounds, V
1−xW
xO
2 (0≤
x≤0.075), has also been studied in the M phase in order to obtain further knowledge to the M–I transition. From the RPA analysis, it is shown that the
x-dependence of the experimental data are in general accord with the nesting model proposed by M. Gupta
et al.
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Kiyoyasu Imai
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3960-3965
Published: November 15, 1983
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The heat capacity measurements by the adiabatic method have shown the 2nd order character for the phase transitions of CsH
2PO
4 and CsD
2PO
4 with jumps,
ΔCE=4.5±0.7 and 4.9±0.8 JK
−1mol
−1 respectively. In
T>
TC, the behavior of both of the heat capacities is so peculiar as to make our estimation of their lattice parts very difficult. Compared with the pseudo one-dimensional Ising theory, this behavior is interpreted in terms of the anomalously large polarization-fluctuations.
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Takeyo Tsukamoto, Masaru Komukae, Shigeru Suzuki, Hideo Futama, Yasuha ...
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3966-3973
Published: November 15, 1983
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Domain structures of feroelectric RbHSeO
4, which undergoes phase transitions at 102°C and 173°C, were observed and examined in the presence of either electric field or shear stresses, and the intensity of a laser beam deflected at domain walls was measured. In addition, dielectric and piezoelectric examinations were made above and below the 102°C transition.
It was found that there are two types of domain structures observable at room temperature, i.e., the ferroelectric and simultaneously ferroelastic domain structure with the (001) domain walls and the ferroelastic one with the (100) domain walls. The former is observable below 102°C, while the latter is observable even above 102°C. The intensity of the light beam deflected at the (001) domain walls is observed to be proportional to the square of the spontaneous polarization.
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Manabu Endo, Toshio Osaka, Yasuharu Makita
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3974-3977
Published: November 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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The dielectric, thermal and X-ray measurements of CsRbSeO
4 were carried out. The crystal at room temperature belongs to the orthorhombic system with the symmetry mmm and the unit cell parameters:
a=6.332 Å,
b=10.853 Å,
c=8.064 Å. The crystal becomes ferroelectric below about −39°C, the phase transition point, and has the spontaneous polarization of about 2.4 μC/cm
2 along the
c axis at −150°C. The crystal shows the stepwise anomalies in the dielectric constants along the
a,
b and
c axes at the transition point. The transition entropy roughly estimated by means of differential scannig calorimetry gives the order of 0.01 cal·mol
−1·deg
−1. The crystals at room temperature are sometimes composed of domains with three kinds of crystal orientations which are mutually different by about 120°.
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Hiroshi Tanino, Koichi Kobayashi
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3978-3984
Published: November 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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Absorption and reflection spectra of a crystal of chain compound palladium chloride are measured in the energy range of 1–11 eV at low temperature. The structures found in the spectra and their anisotropies are discussed by referring
D2h molecular orbital states of
d8 metal ion in rhombic planar ligand field.
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Yasuaki Masumoto, Shigeo Shionoya, Hiro Munekata, Hiroshi Kukimoto
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3985-3991
Published: November 15, 1983
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Photoluminescence of
a-Si
xC
1−x: H (
x∼0.2) prepared by glow-discharge decomposition of tetramethylsilane is studied systematically in the picosecond time region by using tunable picosecond light pulses. At room temperature photo-generated electrons and holes are radiatively recombined at a rate of ∼5.5×10
8 s
−1 and non-radiatively recombined competitively depending on the substrate temperature under the sample deposition. From the energy dependence of the lifetime of photo-generated electrons and holes, it is indicated that the optical matrix element of the radiative recombination transition is energy-independent. This fact and the quite fast radiative recombination rate are attributed to the geminate (i.e. exciton-like) radiative recombination mechanism of photo-generated electron-hole pairs which are well localized at the excited position.
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Hiromi Iwamoto, Ryumyo Onaka
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
3992-4000
Published: November 15, 1983
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Magneto-optical properties of exciton multiplet bands in Cs halides are studied by measuring optical absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra. It is found that among the five sharp exciton bands observed in the region near the fundamental absorption edge, the first, second and fourth bands have positive effective
g-values and the other two bands negative. The magnetic circular dichroism is interpreted by considering the optically attainable exciton states arising from the configurations (
t1u)
5a1g and (
t1u)
5eg. The exciton states are calculated by use of an electron transfer model.
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Takashi Fujikawa
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
4001-4007
Published: November 15, 1983
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The XANES spectra at a deep L
2,3 (or M
2,3) edge are discussed within the theoretical method previously developed by the authors. For the fixed samples in the space, the interference term between
s- and
d-waves emanating from the ionized atom appears. On the other hand the interference term disappears for the randomly oriented samples. The XANES function is derived where only the
d-wave emanating from the central atom is taken into account. Applications to Si L
2,3 XANES spectra in SiO
2 and SiF
4 are given.
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Xue Jin Jiang, Takayuki Hisamune, Yasuo Nozue, Takenari Goto
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
4008-4013
Published: November 15, 1983
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Absorption and emission experiments have been performed on the
I1deep bound exciton of the ZnSe crystal with and without magnetic field at temperatures lower than 4.2 K. The mean interacting LO-phonon number and the coupling constant ratio of the deformation type to the electro-static interactions are estimated to be 0.45 and 0.1, respectively. From the spin-flip Raman scattering, the
g-factor is obtained as 2.0 which is close to that of the hole bound to the zinc vacancy. Some evidence is presented which suggests strong localization of the
I1deep bound excitons.
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Hatsuo Nakamura, Kouichi Ichikawa, Takeshi Watanabe, Kenjiro Tsutsumi
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
4014-4018
Published: November 15, 1983
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The valence and conduction bands of Ca and Sc metals have been studied by measuring their
L2,3 emission and absorption spectra. It is found that the spectra exhibit the similar characteristic features. In both metals the emission peaks observed on the high energy side coincide with the absorption peaks in their energy position and for this reason the emission spectra of thick specimens obtained with high electron-beam energies are seriously affected by self-absorption. The spectra of Ca metal are compared with the calculated density of states and discussions are made on the emission peaks observed on the high energy side.
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Fumio Oosawa, Shigeru Hayashi
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
4019-4028
Published: November 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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The bacterial flagellar motor is driven by a flow of proton according to the electrochemical potential gradient across the membrane. For understanding efficient and smooth transformation of both electric and chemical potential energies of proton into a mechanical work, loose coupling has been assumed between the flow of protons and the rotation of the motor. In the mechanism proposed, two kinds of protein molecules arranged on a disc and on a ring surrounding the disc repeat fast and reversible reactions regulated by the binding of protons. Based on this mechanism, the relations of the torque generated in the motor and the flux of protons to the speed of rotation of the motor have been derived. The results of numerical calculations show reasonable agreement with most of the experimental results. Particular attention has been paid to the possibility of reverse transformation of free energy. It is expected that by rotating the motor in the reverse direction by an external force, the flux of protons is decreased and finally reversed; that is, protons may be pumped out against the potential gradient.
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Susumu Saito, Yukito Tanabe
1983 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages
4029
Published: November 15, 1983
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