Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
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Volume 59, Issue 1
Displaying 1-50 of 54 articles from this issue
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  • Obliquely Interacting N Traveling Waves: Exact Solutions of Some Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Diffusion Equations
    Youichi Murakami
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 1-4
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.1
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    Exact solutions to a two-dimensional extension of Burgers’ equation are presented by using the bilinear transformation method. They include traveling wave solutions with arbitrary constants, whose forms are hyperbolic tangents. They also include N-traveling-wave solutions, some of which describe the coalescence of N waves propagating in a unidirection, and others of which describe the oblique interaction between N waves.
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  • Intrinsic Anharmonic Localized Modes in the d-Dimensional Sine-Gordon Lattice, the \varphi4-Lattice and the \varphi6-Lattice
    Shozo Takeno
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 5-8
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.5
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    Intrinsic anharmonic localized modes (or in-band resonant modes) are predicted for the sine-Gordon (SG) equation, the \varphi4-equation, and the \varphi6-equation defined in a d-dimensional version of the simple cubic lattice. The localization properties of a stationary mode is similar to those of breathers in the SG equation for d=1 in the continuum limit but the former is much more ubiquitous than the breathers and kinks. This is due to the softening near the maximum points of the on-site potential in the system, where conventional exact soliton solutions do not necessarily exist. The SG lattice is taken as an example to study the localization properties, and a simple numerical calculation is done for d=3 to estimate the critical value of the anharmonicity.
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  • Sphaleron in a Nonlinear Sigma Model
    Kiyoshi Sogo, Yasushi Fujimoto
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 9-11
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.9
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    We present an exact classical saddle point solution in a nonlinear sigma model. It has a topological charge of 1/2 and mediates the vacuum transition. The quantum fluctuations and the transition rate are also examined.
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  • Power Decay of Phase-Difference and Eigenvalue Distributions in a Radial Twist Map
    Hideki Yamaguchi, Haruyuki Irie
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 12-15
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.12
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    A radial twist map whose phase difference has a singularity and decreases monotonically with action is considered. In the region near the vanishing action, almost all orbits become chaotic. It is found that the phase-difference distribution of a single chaotic orbit in that region decays with a power law for the generalized Fermi map and decays exponentially for the separatrix map. It is also found that the distribution of the maximum absolute eigenvalue of their tangent maps decays with a power law. These decay types are related to the rotation number, the transit or waiting time and the orbital instability.
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  • Physical and Structural Properties of Ternary Uranium Compounds in the U–Ni–Sn and U–Ni–In Systems
    Toshiro Takabatake, Hironobu Fujii, Shun-ichi Miyata, Hirofumi Kawanak ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 16-19
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.16
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    New ternary uranium compounds of UNi2Sn and UNi2In have been prepared and found to crystallize in the MgCu2Al-type structure. On these compounds and UNi4Sn, UNi4In and U3Ni3Sn4 with cubic structures, we report the results of electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements. Of the five compounds, only U3Ni3Sn4 exhibits a moderately heavy-fermion behavior at low temperatures. The other four compounds, where the distance between the U atom and the nearest-neighboring Ni atom is almost the same as in U3Ni3Sn4, are, however, enhanced Pauli paramagnets. No compounds show magnetic or superconducting transition down to 1.6 K.
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  • Current Instability and Chaos Induced during Low-Temperature Avalanche Breakdown in n-GaAs under Longitudinal Magnetic Field
    Kazunori Aoki, Yasunori Kawase, Keiichi Yamamoto, Nobumichi Mugibayash ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 20-23
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.20
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    Current instability and chaos induced during low-temperature avalanche breakdown in n-GaAs have been investigated at 4.2 K under longitudinal magnetic field. By increasing the longitudinal magnetic field intensity (3.5∼28 mT), the hysteresis width of the S-shaped I–V curve formed by the avalanche breakdown of neutral shallow donors showed appreciable narrowing and disappeared critically at 28 mT. With the further increase of the magnetic field intensity (28∼140 mT), a new unstable phase appeared in the I–V characteristics, followed by the spontaneous current oscillation including chaos. Effects of the transverse magnetic field have also been described.
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  • Anomalous Temperature Dependence of the Lower Critical Fields in High-Temperature Superconductors
    Dai S. Hirashima, Tamifusa Matsuura
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 24-27
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.24
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    We present an interpretation of the anomalous temperature dependence of the lower critical field Hc1 recently observed in high-temperature superconductors. In the presence of the two (s- and d-wave) attractive forces, the superconducting phase first realized at the transition temperature Tc can become unstable and undergo another superconducting transition at a temperature Tc* (<Tc); this leads to an abrupt increase of Hc1. The properties of the phase realized below Tc* are briefly discussed.
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  • Transition from Local Moment to Fermi Liquid State in YbInCu4 —Cu NQR Study—
    Hiroyuki Nakamura, Kazunori Nakajima, Yoshio Kitaoka, Kunisuke Asayama ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 28-31
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.28
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    The first-order valence transition of YbInCu4 with C15b-type crystal structure was investigated by Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). Analyses of the resonance frequency and the spin-lattice relaxation time microscopically prove the transition from the local moment state with stable Yb3+ to the Fermi liquid state at Tv=40–50 K.
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  • Linewidth of NMR Spectrum in Diluted Magnetic Systems
    Motoyuki Tanaka, Yoshio Aoyama, Yasuhiro Yamamoto
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 32-35
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.32
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    The linewidth of the NMR line due to nuclear spins having one nearest-neighbour magnetic ion in diluted magnetic systems is studied in terms of the sorted autocorrelations at various concentrations of magnetic ions. Simplified expressions to describe the diffusive behaviours of the correlations at long times are conjectured from simulations examined for classical spins on diluted square lattices at various concentrations. The present results of the width for highly diluted systems differ considerably from those investigated previously by other authors. Some comments on this discrepancy are briefly given.
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  • Antiferromagnetic Nuclear Resonance of Cu in Nd2CuO4
    Yohsuke Yoshinari, Hiroshi Yasuoka, Tadashi Shimizu, Hidenori Takagi, ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 36-39
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.36
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    We have examined the antiferromagnetic nuclear resonance (AFNR) of Cu nuclei in Nd2CuO4 in zero applied field at low temperatures. We report the temperature dependence of the Larmor (νL) and the quadrupolar (νQ) frequencies, and the angle (θ) between the direction of Cu2+ magnetic moment and a maximum principal axis of an electric field gradient (EFG) by use of a precise measurement of quadrupolar split peak frequencies. Abrupt changes in the νQ and θ (about 10% change for both, compared with before the transition) have been observed at 5 K, while the νL starts to increase gradually below this temperature. The simultaneous change in both the νQ and θ is considered to be due to a structural transition.
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  • Soliton Solution and Its Property of Unstable Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
    Tetsu Yajima, Miki Wadati
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 41-47
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.41
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    A nonlinear evolution equation iux+utt+κ|u|2u=0, κ>0, is derived from unstable Sine-Gordon equation utt−uxx−m2 sin u=0. The former nonlinear evolution equation, which we call unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation, is solved by the inverse scattering method. It is shown that the position shifts for fast (slow) solitons, arising from their mutual collisions, are negative (positive). This is a property common to both nonlinear evolution equations.
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  • A Representation of Solutions for the KP Hierarchy and Its Algebraic Structure
    Shigeki Miyake, Yasuhiro Ohta, Junkichi Satsuma
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 48-55
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.48
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    The determinant representation of solutions for the KP equation proposed by Nakamura is generalized for all equations of the KP hierarchy. It is shown that the algebraic structure of this determinant is parallel to that of the Wronskian. The structure of the KP hierarchy in the bilinear form is clearly seen through this representation of solutions. The relation between the determinant and the solution of the Gel’fand-Levitan-Marchenko equation is also discussed.
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  • Gas Kinetic Approach for Electron-Ion Recombination Rate Constant in Dense Media
    Kazuyo Kaneko, Jun-ichi Takimoto, Yoshiyuki Usami, Kazuo Kitahara
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 56-65
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.56
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    We present a statistical mechanical analysis of electron-ion recombination processes in weakly ionized nonpolar dense media, being based on the model which can explain the external electric field dependence of electron mobility in these media. We derive a diffusion equation by a projection technique from the phase space to the coordinate space where the stationary distribution of electron momentum in an external electric field has been realized. Then we estimate the recombination rate constant from this equation. Here we deal with the system classically as a three-body recombination process.
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  • g-Factor of the 27/2+ Isomeric State in 149Tb
    Minoru Adachi, Akitoshi Tamura, Masanari Kouguchi, Hidehiko Takanashi, ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 66-70
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.66
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    The g-factor of the 27/2+ isomeric state in 149Tb has been measured with a TIPAD method through the 141Pr(12C, 4nγ)149Tb reaction. With the meanlife τ of 3.8±0.3 ns which has been obtained in the present study, the g-factor is determined to be 0.33±0.08. The experimental g-factor is compared with predictions of the shell model for configurations suggested previously.
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  • Universal Boundary Relations of the Electromagnetic Field
    Mithat Idemen
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 71-80
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.71
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    In the present paper it is shown that a set of universal boundary relations which give the discontinuities of the electromagnetic field across any regular surface can be written via the distribution concept. All specific boundary conditions are then derived from these universal relations as particular cases. It is also shown that any set of linear relations written on a regular surface can not always be the boundary relations of an electromagnetic field. In the case of monochromatic fields the necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of linear equations to be the boundary conditions are given in three theorems. These theorems are applied to the discussion of the validity of boundary conditions of impedance type and show that such conditions can only be valid at certain critical frequencies.
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  • A Theoretical Study of Smectic Focal Domains
    Masahiro Nakagawa
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 81-89
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.81
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    A theoretical study of the c-director and the layer structure in a biaxial smectic focal domain is presented on the basis of a simple elastic theory. A transformation between the Cartesian coordinates and an orthogonal curvilinear system is derived to provide a family of quadratic surface equations representing the Dupin cyclydes. Certain constraints for some of the elastic constants are found to be satisfied in SmC elliptic focal domain to support a uniform molecular alignment corresponding to an equilibrium state. On the other hand, it is shown that there exists no constraint of the elastic constants for biaxial SmA elliptic domain, or a torus domain in SmC phase as well as the biaxial SmA phase. These conclusions are found to be consistent with the experimental findings by Bourdon et al. with SmA and SmC focal domains.
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  • Error Growth in a Decaying Two-Dimensional Turbulence
    Shigeo Kida, Michio Yamada, Koji Ohkitani
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 90-100
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.90
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    Error growth in a two-dimensional turbulence is investigated by solving numerically the Navier-Stokes equation and its linearized form, starting from a fully-developed turbulent field with Reynolds number up to about 105. The computation was done by the spectral method with 6822 effective modes. Both the energy and the squared stream function of the difference field, which stress the lower wavenumber part of the spectrum of the flow field, exhibit an exponential growth. The enstrophy and the palinstrophy, which stress the higher wavenumber part, on the other hand, grow faster than exponentially in an earlier stage and later grow exponentially. The growth rate is found to be independent of the norm and the Reynolds number in a certain time interval. The enstrophy spectrum of the difference field shows a power law k0.
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  • Sound Attenuation in a One-Dimensional Periodic Inhomogeneous Medium
    Shigeyuki Komura, Toru Miyazawa, Takeo Izuyama, Yasuhide Fukumoto
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 101-110
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.101
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    The thermal transport process plays an important role in the sound attenuation in inhomogeneous media. This problem is best exemplified by the sound attenuation in a one-dimensional space with periodically alternating media. Using the transfer matrix technique, we give here a general theory of the sound propagation and attenuation in such a periodic system.
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  • Effective Viscosity of Magnetic Fluids
    J. P. Shen, Masao Doi
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 111-117
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.111
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    Effective viscosity of magnetic fluid is calculated numerically based on the diffusion equation for the spherical particles with permanent magnetic moment. The result is compared with that of the classical constitutive equation proposed by Shliomis. It is found that unlike Shliomis’s equation, the viscosity remains monovalued as a function of the shear rate. A new constitutive equation which reproduces the numerical result is proposed.
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  • Effect of Electrostatic Field on Energy Conversion Efficiency in High Current Raman Regime Free Electron Laser
    Yasuaki Kishimoto, Hisako Oda, Makoto Shiho, Kazuo Odajima, Hikosuke M ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 118-129
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.118
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    The effect of the longitudinal electrostatic field on the energy conversion efficiency is investigated by use of a 1-dimensional FEL amplification code. It is found that the repulsive electrostatic interaction prevents the periodic bounce motion of trapped electrons in the ponderomotive potential especially in the high current Raman operation regime. The irregular rotation of the trapped electron increases the untrapped one, which removes the kinetic energy from the radiation field. Resultantly, the energy conversion efficiency averaged over a long wiggler distance stays in a lower level than that predicted by the trapping argument. It is also found that the finite beam energy spread reduces the electrostatic force in the nonlinear trapping stage. The reduction of the electrostatic force recovers the periodic electron bounce motion and the associated amplitude oscillation of the radiation field.
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  • Kinetic Theory of Ion Acoustic Instability in a Collisional Plasma
    S. K. Sharma
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 130-137
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.130
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    In this paper we present a comprehensive kinetic theory of current driven ion-acoustic instability using a particle, momentum and energy conserving BGK collision model as suggested by Greene. We take into account, electron-electron, electron-ion, ion-ion and ion-electron collisions in our analysis. The theory gives a smooth connection between various limits of collisional parameter kl as it changes from <<1 to >>1. Apart from recovering all the known analytical limits our theory predicts the dependence of absorption/growth rate on electron-ion temperature ratio in the weak collision limit i.e. (mi⁄me)1⁄2>kl>1.
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  • Toroidal Resonance of Energetic Ions and Magnetohydrodynamic Ballooning Mode Stability in Tokamaks
    Tomejiro Yamagishi
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 138-151
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.138
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    Excitation of resonant mode of energetic particles and their effect on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ballooning mode in tokamaks are studied by evaluating the dispersion relation derived from the modified ballooning mode equation which includes the kinetic effect of energetic ions. The kinetic effect is evaluated by solving the gyrokinetic equation for non-periodic and periodic passing particles and trapped particles. The periodic component of energetic passing ions is found to make important contribution in the inertial region, and stabilizes the MHD ballooning mode. At the MHD ballooning mode marginal stability condition, the toroidal resonant mode becomes unstable above a threshold of the energetic passing ion contribution. This toroidal resonant mode is further destabilized in the presence of the bulk plasma fluid effect.
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  • Electric and Magnetic Fields Generated by Particles Trapped by an Electromagnetic Wave in a Transverse Static Magnetic Field
    Satoshi Takeuchi, Kazuo Sakai, Michio Matsumoto, Shigeo Kawata
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 152-158
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.152
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    A uniform electric field is generated by particles trapped by an electromagnetic wave in a transverse static magnetic field B0. The direction of the field is opposite to that of the accelerating electric field near the magnetic neutral sheet created by both the magnetic field of the wave and the field B0. The uniform field increases as time elapses and works to cancel out the accelerating electric field. The energy of the trapped particles saturates and the maximum energy gain is derived as a result. Whereas, a uniform magnetic field is not generated and the trapped particles continue to be trapped near the neutral sheet. A longitudinal electric field is also generated by the trapped particles and works to spread out the trapped particles.
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  • Self-Focusing of Ion Wave in Plasma with Negative Ion
    Takashi Sato, Singo Ishiwata, Shinsuke Watanabe, Hiroshi Tanaca, Harui ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 159-165
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.159
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    Self-focusing of an ion wave in a plasma composed of electron, positive ion and negative ion has been investigated theoretically. A nonlinear Schrödinger equation which describes the spatial development of ion wave is derived and the signs of nonlinear and dispersion coefficients are examined by use of this equation. The dispersion coefficient is positive in the whole wavenumber range. The nonlinear coefficient vanishes at a critical wavenumber kc, above which the coefficient becomes positive and the ion wave is unstable with respect to transverse modulation. At the critical density of negative ion, the critical wavenumber kc is reduced to zero and the self-focusing occurs for ion wave of small wavenumber.
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  • Diffraction Theory of HCP and FCC Crystals Containing Stacking Faults
    Ryoitiro Sato, Muneyasu Nasu
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 166-175
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.166
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    As stacking faults in the hcp and fcc crystals, both of growth and deformation faults are taken into account, and, moreover, for either of these types of stacking faults, positive and negative sequences are discriminated. Diffraction anomalies caused by such stacking faults occurring with small probabilities are analytically calculated, and the results obtained are numerically examined. A more general theory, where stacking fault probabilities are not small, is dealt with.
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  • Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation of Molten Cupric Halides
    Yoshiyuki Shirakawa, Koh-ichi Takesawa, Shigeru Tamaki
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 176-179
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.176
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    The ultrasonic velocities and attenuations of molten cupric halides (CuCl2 and CuBr2) have been measured from the respective melting points to 600°C. Using the observed velocities, their adiabatic compressibilities are evaluated. From these it is concluded that the close contact among the anions is one of major factors for the behavior of compression in the molten salts.
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  • Liquid-Like Model for the Ultrasonic Attenuation in Superionic Conductors: Application to α-Ag2Te
    Masaru Aniya, Hideo Okazaki, Michisuke Kobayashi
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 180-190
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.180
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    Based on the assumption that mechanisms of energy dissipation in superionic conductors and in liquids are similar in a microscopic scale, a new model for the ultrasonic attenuation in superionic conductors has been presented. The theoretical results of Rice and Allnatt for the dense fluids are used to express the viscosity and thermal conductivity in superionic conductors. The cage sublattice is considered by introducing a heavy ion mass, which conveniently characterizes immobile lattice ions when the system is observed from the viewpoint of the liquid theory. The model has been applied to superionic conductor α-Ag2Te to obtain the coefficients of viscosity and of ultrasonic attenuation, and the results showed that the model was sufficiently promising. According to this model, the main mechanism for the ultrasonic attenuation is the hard core collisions between the mobile ions and the surrounding lattice ions.
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  • Time-Dependent Phase Transition in K2CoBr4
    Haruhiko Suzuki, Fuminao Shimizu, Masaaki Takashige, Shozo Sawada, Tos ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 191-196
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.191
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    The phase-sequence of K2CoBr4 was investigated by measuring the time dependence of dielectric constant. It was revealed that the crystal undergoes a phase transition around 200°C and the high-temperature phase can be brought into the low-temperature region. The time-dependent recovering process from this metastable phase to the original low-temperature phase was observed. A ferroelectric-like behavior was detected.
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  • Hydrogen Rearrangements in CsHSeO4 Accompanied with both the Phase Transition and Domain-Boundary-Movement
    Masaru Komukae, Minoru Tanaka, Toshio Osaka, Yasuharu Makita, Kozo Koz ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 197-206
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.197
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    Hydrogen rearrangements accompanied with the movement of domain boundaries in CsHSeO4 below the ferroelastic phase transition temperature (Tc=128°C) and possible motional states of hydrogens above Tc were studied based on the crystal structure obtained in the X-ray re-examination at room temperature and twinning conditions for ferroelastic domains observed below Tc. The crystal was confirmed to be monoclinic with the space group P21⁄c and to have a superlattice structure below Tc, while it is tetragonal with the space group I41⁄amd above Tc. It was deduced by taking account of symmetry change from P21⁄c to I41⁄amd and twinning conditions that the hydrogen bonds in CsHSeO4 above Tc are broken instantaneously and the hydrogens are hopping among the 16-fold (f) equivalent positions, leading to so called three-dimensional superionic conductivity of hydrogens above Tc.
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  • Molar Volume of the Liquid Pb–Te System
    Yoshimi Tsuchiya
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 207-212
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.207
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    Molar volume of the liquid Pb–Te system has been determined with a high energy γ-ray attenuation method. It has been found that addition of a small amount of Pb smears out the anomalous temperature dependence of the molar volume of liquid Te around the melting temperature. The isotherm of molar volume as a function of concentration shows a cusp at the composition of Pb50Te50. The results have been discussed in relation with the atomic association persisting in the liquid state which causes the anomalous electrical and thermodynamic properties of this system.
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  • In Situ Electron Spin Resonance Measurements of Electrochemically Doped n-Type Polythiophene
    Mitsuyoshi Onoda, Yasuhisa Manda, Shigenori Morita, Katsumi Yoshino
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 213-217
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.213
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    The electrochemical, optical and magnetic properties in polythiophene during electrochemical n-type doping have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, optical absorption spectrum and ESR measurements. The spin susceptibility increases by about one order of magnitude from 1.7×10−7 to 5.1×10−6 emu/mol up to dopant concentration of about 8 mol%. With further increasing dopant concentration up to about 20 mol%, the spin susceptibility decreases, followed by the slight increase of spin susceptibility again. The ESR linewidth decreases by doping from about 7.0 G to about 2.0 G and then again increases slightly with increasing dopant concentration. The g value of 2.0039 at the reduced state shifts upon doping to smaller value of 2.0027 which corresponds to the nearly free electron g value. The evolution of ESR spectrum in electrochemically doped n-type polythiophene is essentially the same behaviour as that of p-type doping. These results were discussed in terms of polaron and bi-polaron models.
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  • Fermi Surface of ThC and UC
    Akira Hasegawa, Hiroshi Yamagami
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 218-223
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.218
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    With a symmetrized, self-consistent relativistic APW method, the electronic structure is calculated for UC by using the exchange and correlation potential in the local-density approximation. It is predicted that UC is a semimetal which has 0.068 holes/cell and the compensating number of electrons. The Fermi surface consists of the three hole pockets in the C 2p valence band which are centered at the X points and six electron pockets in the U 5f conduction band which are centered at the W points. These hole and electron sheets can explain reasonably well the angular dependence of frequencies of the de Haas-van Alphen effect which have recently been measured for UC. For reference, the electronic structure is calculated for ThC also.
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  • Time-Resolved Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Experiment on Quenching Signals in a-Si:H
    Mihoko Yoshida, Kazuo Morigaki
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 224-228
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.224
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    Time-resolved optically detected magnetic resonance experiments were carried out in a-Si:H, using CW Ar+ laser light pulsed by an acousto-optic modulator. Detection condition was chosen to be suitable for measuring the long delay time region of ∼μs. Using this technique, we could concentrate on the behaviors of quenching signals and conclude that there exist two nonradiative recombination channels, i.e., through weakly coupled T3+−T3− pair centers and through dangling bond centers, and that the recombination takes place earlier at the former centers than at the latter centers.
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  • Magnetoresistance and de Haas-van Alphen Effect in UC
    Yoshichika \={O}nuki, Izuru Umehara, Yoshiko Kurosawa, Kazuhiko Satoh, ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 229-233
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.229
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    We have measured the magnetoresistance and de Hass-van Alphen oscillation of UC. The Fermi surface of semimetal UC is found to consist of three hole-ellipsoids located at the X points and six electron-ellipsoids at the W points in the fcc Brillouin zone. The cyclotron mass of electron at the ⟨110⟩ direction is 2.67m0, which is heavy compared to that of hole, 0.84m0.
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  • Electric-Field Dependent Conduction by Sliding Charge-Density Waves in Transition-Metal Trichalcogenides
    Atsutaka Maeda, Kunimitsu Uchinokura
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 234-252
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.234
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    Detailed measurements of electric-field-dependent conductivity by the sliding charge-density wave (CDW) were performed in NbSe3 with various impurity concentration and also in two polytypes of TaS3. Results were analyzed in terms of various models proposed so far. As a result, they were found to be well understood by the so-called Fukuyama-Lee-Rice model based on the semiclassical treatment of the phase of the CDW. If the depinning is interpreted as a dynamical critical phenomenon, the critical exponent was found to be 2. The analysis of temperature dependence of the threshold field clearly shows that the thermal fluctuation affects the temperature dependence of the threshold field in case of weak pinning, and that the thermally assisted hopping is the dominant origin of the temperature dependence of the threshold electric field in case of the strong pinning.
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  • Electronic Structure of Cu–O3 Pyramidal Plane —Effect of Hole Itinerancy—
    Tomotoshi Nishino, Junjiro Kanamori
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 253-258
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.253
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    The electronic structure of the CuO2 plane with apex oxygens is investigated by calculating the ground state wave function of a Cu4O12 cluster with the periodic boundary condition for two in-plane directions. The cluster is the smallest among those taking account of the electron transfer between CuO5 units with the translational invariance of the CuO2 plane. When extra holes are introduced, they have amplitudes on all the atoms including the apex oxygens unlike the case of a single CuO5 cluster. No appreciable spin correlation between the apex oxygen pz orbital and Cu d(x2−y2) is found. Spin correlations between other pairs of orbitals and spin and charge fluctuations of a CuO5 cluster are also examined.
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  • The Superstructure of the Organic Superconductor β-(BEDT–TTF)2I3 under Pressure
    Yoshio Nogami, Seiichi Kagoshima, Hiroyuki Anzai, Madoka Tokumoto, Nob ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 259-265
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.259
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    An X-ray diffraction study is made on the incommensurate superstructure in the organic superconductor β-(BEDT–TTF)2I3 under pressure. The onset temperature of the superstructure decreases from 175 K to 150 K with increasing pressure from 1 bar to about 400 bar, above which no superstructure is found. The wave vector specifying the superstructure is found to change in the range between 100 K and ∼120 K. This wave-vector change slows down at low pressures. At ambient pressure it takes more than 30 hr to complete the change. This wave-vector change is found to bring about a new “2 K superconducting state” in the title compound.
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  • Magnetic and Transport Properties of Ce–Ta–S Ternary System
    Kazuya Suzuki, Norimichi Kojima, Toshiro Ban, Ikuji Tsujikawa
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 266-272
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.266
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    Synthesis, transport and magnetic properties of a new ternary system Ce–Ta–S have been investigated. (CeS)0.6TaS2 and (CeS)1.2TaS2 order antiferromagnetically with Néel temperatures of 2.3 K and 2.7 K, respectively. In the former compound, a diverging anomaly in the susceptibility at TN, a small spontaneous magnetization below TN and a magnetic phase transition at 2.5 kOe are observed. From these results, (CeS)0.6TaS2 is supposed to be a quasi-2D antiferromagnet with a weak ferromagnetism composed of ferromagnetic layers. The fractional superconductivity is observed with the magnetic ordering. Ce 4f electrons are well localized and the correlation between Ce 4f and conduction electrons is weak in these compounds.
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  • Atomic Magnetic Moment and Exchange Interaction between Mn Atoms in Intermetallic Compounds in Mn–Ge System
    Nobuyoshi Yamada
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 273-288
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.273
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    Magnetic properties of four intermetallic compounds, ε, ε1, κ and η, in manganese-germanium system are studied by means of magnetization measurement and neutron diffraction. Exchange coefficients of the interaction between Mn atoms in the compounds are estimated quantitatively using the molecular field approximation, based on the localized moment model. The exchange coefficient between Mn atoms on different sublattices is found to depend largely on the interatomic distance: The exchange coefficient is found to be negative for smaller interatomic distances than rc=2.9 Å and positive for larger distances. The magnitude of atomic magnetic moment in the compounds is consistently discussed using the Pauling valence, after Môri and Mitsui (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 25 (1968) 82).
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  • A Remark on: “Absence of Spin Glass Ordering in Some Random Spin Systems”
    J. A. O’neill, M. A. Moore
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 289-294
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.289
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    We discuss an inequality derived by Ozeki and Nishimori which is used to show the absence of spin glass ordering in short-range, vector spin glasses below four dimensions, and to derive the condition on the absence of ordering for long-range spin glasses. We then argue that the neglect of two terms in their inequality is unjustifled.
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  • Absence of Ordering in Short Range Vector Spin Glass: Revisited
    Hidetoshi Nishimori, Yukiyasu Ozeki
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 295-299
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.295
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    We show the absence of spin glass ordering in short range vector spin systems with random symmetric exchange interactions in spatial dimension d≤4. The argument is an improvement of our previous theory; we circumvent the use of the unproved assumption which has been shown not to hold by O’Neill and Moore. Still, we have not completed a mathematically rigorous proof because of the use of the replica method and of the unproved clustering property of spin correlation functions.
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  • Real Space Renormalization Group Study of the Long Range Order in the 2 Dimensional Spin 1/2 XXZ Heisenberg Model
    Shu-ichi Nagasawa
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 300-304
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.300
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    The presence of the long range order in the ground state of the quantum XXZ Heisenberg model is investigated using real space renormalization group method. Our results suggest the existence of the long range order in the Z component of the spin for |JZ⁄JX|>1.0, and that in the XY component of the spin for |JZ⁄JX|<1.0.
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  • Effect of Spin Fluctuations on Magnetic Properties and Thermal Expansion in Pseudobinary System FexCo1−xSi
    Kazuaki Shimizu, Hiroshi Maruyama, Hitoshi Yamazaki, Hideki Watanabe
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 305-318
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.305
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    Both magnetization and thermal expansion measurements have been made on the same samples of FexCo1−xSi alloys. The magnetization data is analyzed on the basis of the spin fluctuation theory developed by Takahashi to obtain information on the nature of spin fluctuations of this system. We found that concentration variation of magnetic behaviors of the ferromagnetic alloys, such as the Arrott plots and the temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization, is quantitatively well explained by the theory. Magnetovolume coupling constant is also estimated from thermal expansion coefficient on the basis of the SCR theory over the wide concentration range. The magnetovolume effect is also in good accordance with the predictions of Takahashi’s theory, even quantitatively.
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  • Observation of a Soft Mode Phonon in MEM(TCNQ)2 below Spin-Peierls Transition by Far Infrared Spectroscopy
    Yasumoto Tanaka, Naoki Satoh, Keigo Nagasaka
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 319-325
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.319
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    Frequency shift and broadening of a soft mode phonon in MEM(TCNQ)2 were clearly observed by far infrared spectroscopy below 30 cm−1, as increasing temperature from 4 K to a spin-Peierls transition temperature. The soft mode phonon frequency at 4 K is 8.5 cm−1. Taking account of the frequency of 8.5 cm−1 and its mode of motion, it is considered that the dynamical displacement of the soft mode phonon lies almost in a TCNQ plane which contains the static shift associated with the spin-Peierls transition. In addition, two holding phonon bands, whose frequencies with 19.5 and 24.5 cm−1 do not vary with the temperature, were clearly observed only below the spin-Peierls transition temperature.
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  • Transformation of the Optical Extinction Spectrum of KI Film Due to Surface Scattering
    Keiichi Edamatsu, Noriyo Kidera, Masamitsu Hirai
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 326-330
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.326
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    The transformation of optical extinction spectra of potassium iodine (KI) films has been investigated under the influence of moisture. When the film is kept in humid air, its fundamental excitonic absorption band appears to shift to the lower-energy side by more than 1 eV. No crystallographic or chemical change is related to the transformation of the optical extinction spectra. On the other hand, scanning electron microscopy revealed the production of an island structure at the film surface in humid air. Application of Mie’s scattering theory to such an island structure well explained the variation of the optical extinction spectra. No quantum size effect on the excitonic absorption was observed in KI film thicker than 10 nm.
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  • Nonlinear Luminescence Spectroscopy of Excitons in GaAs–AlAs Quantum Wells
    Satoshi Ideshita, Yasuaki Masumoto
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 331-337
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.331
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    We present the detailed experimental results of the time-resolved nonlinear luminescence of excitons in undoped GaAs–AlAs quantum wells. The observed nonlinearity results from the saturation in luminescence originated from the phase space filling and exchange effects of carriers. In some temporal profiles of nonlinear luminescence, anomalous anti-correlation profile has been observed. The origin of anti-correlation is ascribed to be the finite rise time of the exciton population at the luminescent tail state in the exciton band.
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  • Optical Spectra of Cadmium Halide Crystals in 3–30 eV Region
    Masami Fujita, Hideyuki Nakagawa, Hiroaki Matsumoto, Takeshi Miyanaga, ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 338-347
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.338
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    Reflection spectra of single crystals of CdCl2, CdBr2 and CdI2 at 35 K were measured in the region up to 30 eV using synchrotron radiation. Photoemission experiments were also performed on in-situ evaporated films of cadmium halides to determine binding energies of the outermost s-core levels of halogen ions. Optical constants were derived through Kramers-Kronig analysis. In the region up to 15 eV were found a number of peaks which are attributed to the transitions from the halogen valence band to the cadmium 5s and 5p conduction bands. Around 16 eV were observed the peaks due to the Cd 4d core excitons. Weak structures in the 19–24 eV region are assigned to the transitions from the halogen s-core levels. In CdI2, it was found that the total oscillator strength for the transition from the valence band is enhanced due to the presence of shallow core levels.
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  • Multiplet Structures of Resonant Photoemission Spectrum in Cuprous Halides
    Jun-ichi Igarashi
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 348-360
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.348
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    Multiplet structures of the resonant photoemission spectrum are studied in cuprous halides on the basis of an impurity Anderson model. The formation of trion (the bound state of two 3d-holes and one conduction electron) with multiplet structures is discussed as an origin of sharp satellite peaks coexisting with Auger peaks above the 3p-core-level photothreshold. It is shown that a small mixing of the d9-electron configuration to the d10-electron configuration of Cu atom in the ground state is important for non-vanishing intensity of the satellite far below the photothreshold. Halogen’s p-levels are found to affect considerably the satellite spectrum through the mixing to Cu’s 3d-levels, leading to the spectral shape of CuCl different from that of CuI.
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  • Oblique-Incidence Reflection Spectra of Excitons in Uniaxially-Strained Alkali Iodide Crystals
    Nobuhito Ohno, Satoshi Hashimoto, Minoru Itoh
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 361-369
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.361
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    Oblique-incidence reflection spectrum of the lowest 1s exciton in alkali iodides has been measured by using linearly polarized light for thin crystals of thickness ∼0.1 μm at 11 K. These thin crystals are deformed uniaxially because of the difference in thermal contractions between alkali iodides and quartz plates, details of which are discussed. In RbI and KI, an additional structure appears on the high-energy side of the exciton band in the p-polarized spectrum, and it becomes clearer with increasing the angle of incidence θ. From the θ-dependence of the line shape, it is concluded that the additional structure is attributed to the longitudinal excitons becoming observable by a uniaxial stress. The results are discussed in terms of the exciton-polariton picture under the uniaxial symmetry.
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  • Disappearance of Electric Spatial Pattern in a Bean Root under Circumstances in Nitrogen Gas
    Kiyoshi Toko, Toshirou Yoshida, Kenshi Hayashi, Takanori Fujiyoshi, Ma ...
    1990 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 370-376
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.59.370
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    A spatial pattern of electric potential in the growing root was studied with a usual microelectrode and a multi-electrode measuring apparatus, which made possible a simultaneous measurement of electric potentials along the root. The pattern of surface electric potential disappeared along the entire root length when air surrounding the plant was replaced with nitrogen gas for about 2 h. Disappearance of a large peak of surface potential around 10 mm from the root tip preceded both the decrease in the growth speed and the change in pH of the aqueous medium to neutral in the elongation region, while this region showed a localized acidification in normal conditions. Supply of air recovered the spatial patterns of electric potential and pH. Proton accumulation within the cell wall following activation of H+ pumps was suggested to participate directly in the growth.
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