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Volume 6 (1951)
- Issue 6 Pages 417-
- Issue 5 Pages 285-
- Issue 4 Pages 215-
- Issue 3 Pages 131-
- Issue 2 Pages 71-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
- Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan. 3rd Series
- Proceedings of the Tokyo Mathematico-Physical Society. 2nd Series
- Tokyo Sugaku-Butsurigakukwai Kiji-Gaiyo
- Tokyo Sugaku-Butsurigakkwai Hokoku
- Tokyo Sugaku-Butsurigaku Kwai Kiji
- Tokyo Sugaku-Butsurigaku Kwai Kiji
- Tokyo Sugaku Kaisya Zasshi
Volume 6, Issue 6
Displaying 1-39 of 39 articles from this issue
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Eiichi Fukada1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 417-421
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSWhen the moisture content is reduced from the air-dried state, the internal friction of wood increases and the peak in tanδ-frequency curve shifts to the lower frequency. The Young’s modulus and tanδ decreases and peak of tanδ shifts to the higher frequency with the increase of temperature at the absolutely dried state. The experimental activation energy was found to be about 1000 cal/mol. It is larger for the broad-leaved tree than for the needle-leef tree. The frequency character of tanδ can be explained by superposing both Eyring’s and Newton’s viscosity.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
Eiji Hirahara1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 422-427
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSCuprous sulfide has been observed to have two transition points at about 110°C and 470°C respectively, of which the latter one has been found out experimentally by the writer. The exsistence of the phase transition at 470°C has been confirmed experimentally by the measurements of electronic and ionic conductivity, thermal linear expansion, heat capacity, specific heat and thermo-electromotive force. We, therefore, propose that cuprous sulfide has three polymorphic phases, namely α-phase (above 470°C), β-phase (470°C∼110°C) and γ-phase (below 110°C). In the γ-phase it behaves as a P-type semiconductor (sulphur excess), and its electrical conductivity increases exponentially with temperature. In the β-phase, we have observed the rather remarkable ionic currents together with the sharp decrease of electronic currents. On proceeding to the α-phase, the ionic currents abruptly disappear and electronic currents increase to the larger amount than that in the γ-phase. The transition enery at 110°C has been observed to be more than ten times (about 4.8 cal/gr.) larger than that at 470°C.
In the β-phase, the anomalous thermo-electromomotive force has been sometimes observed, which may be considered to be caused by the heterogeneous distribution of the movable copper ions.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K) -
Eiji Hirahara1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 428-437
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe experimental measurements of the isothermal Hall effect on the γ-cuprous sulfide were performed with the following results.
In the stoichiometric specimens, the values of Hall constant R are about 3∼4×109\left[\fracVolt·cmGauss·amp\ ight], mobility μ and mean free path l are about 12[cm2/Volt·sec], 9[cm], respectively. These values of R, μ and l decrease in the β-phase.
As compared with the stoichiometric specimens, the values of μ and l in the sulphur excess specimens do not increase so much as the conductivities do. On the contrary, in the sulphur deficient specimens, the decrease of μ and l is not so remarkable in comparison with that of conductivities. These phenomena may be considered that the impurity scattering due to the free electrons and holes makes the values of μ and l reduce.View full abstractDownload PDF (884K) -
Kozo Komatsu, Takeo Nagamiya1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 438-444
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe graphite crystal is considered as a system of thin elastic plates spaced at a constant distance. An elastic force is assumed to act between each neighboring plates in such a way that a local change of the spacing between them produces at that point a tension or a pressure normal to the plates whose magnitude is proportional to that change. The vibrations of this system are assumed to be separable into independent parts: the bending vibrations in which the displacements occur normal to the planes of the plates, and the extensional and shearing vibrations in which the displacements occur parallel to them. The frequency distributions of their normal modes are studied. The values of the elastic constants of the plates that determine the latter vibrations are derived from the force constants of benzene molecule, while the value of the bending modulus of the plate is determined by fitting the calculated specific heat curve with the observed one. The constants of the elastic force acting between neighboring plates are derived from the measured elastic constants of graphite (mainly the compressibility). Small contributions of the electronic specific heat and the Cp−Cv correction are added to obtain the total specific heat. The result is in good agreement with experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (856K) -
Seiichi Sueoka, Masachiyo Sato1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 444-451
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSTo explain the resonance phenomena of the Stark lines of He atom, a general method is found in the paper (I) to solve the secular equations, taking into account of the matrix elements between the states with different principal quantum numbers, n and n′.
Along the line of this general method, we performed the numerical computations for the ortho-helium in the case of n=6 and n′=7. Numerical tables and diagrams representing the relations of the Stark energies and field strengthes are obtained for the respective values of magnetic quantum numbers, m=1, 2, 3 and 4. From these results we find that the pair of levels approaching nearest and repelling each other is as follows:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)View full abstractDownload PDF (748K) -
M. Z. V. Krzywoblocki1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 452-453
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Hiroshi Kanzaki1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 454-455
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe stress-strain curves of copper single crystals have been obtained at room temperature. When the resolved shear strain reaches about 20 percent, the stress increases rather rapidly with increasing strain and thus the progress of deformation is found to be made of two stages. This change in the nature of work-hardening may be explained from the view of the presence of two types of strains inside work-hardened metals that has been discussed in the previous paper (J. Phys. Soc. Japan 6 (1951) 90). If this view is correct, the number of stopped dislocations is expected to show rapid increase in the second stage of deformation.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
Hiroshi Kanzaki1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 456-460
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe anomalous specific heat due to recovery from strain hardening has been measured on the single crystals of copper deformed at various temperatures. The apparatus for specific heat measurement is that of Nagasaki and Takagi.
(1) The maximum value of the energy stored during deformation at room temperature is found to be 0.1 cal per gram.
(2) The energy released in the second valley of the specific heat anomaly (the energy accompanied with stopped dislocations) shows rapid increase when the resolved strain exceeds 25 percent.
(3) The recoverying temperature takes the maximum value when the resolved strain is about 25 percent.
(4) The crystals deformed at −180°C and −80°C recover sometimes below the room temperature. Results of (3) and (4) may be explained by taking account of the length of dislocation lines.
(5) The density of dislocations is calculated from the dependency of recoverying rate upon the degree of hardening. The obtained value of the separation distance of dislocations is about 200 Å and shows good agreement with the results obtained by electron microscope.View full abstractDownload PDF (552K) -
Nobuo Inoue1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 460-465
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSSince the fundamental equation of the two-dimensional isostatical problem in the theory of plasticity is the partial differential equation of the hyperbolic type, it may be solved by the method of characteristics, which has been effectively used in the mechanics of compressible fluid.
In this paper the author discusses the analogy between the plastic flow and the supersonic flow, by introducing the hypothetical fluid which has the special type of pressure-density relation p⁄logρ=constant and all the same local Mach number \sqrt2 throughout it, and shows that the slip-lines, isostatics and boundary curves in the plastic flow correspond to respectively Mach lines, stream lines and shock waves in the supersonic flow.
By considering the stress plane similar to the hodograph plane for the supersonic fluid flow, the nonlinear problem of the plastic flow is linearized and the new plastic state of stress is obtained by superposition of particular solutions.
The case of simple, waves is discussed in detail for the plastic flow as well as for the flow of hypothetical fluid here introduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (732K) -
Itaru Nonaka, Shinpachi Hirasawa, Kazushige Tsutsumi1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 466-472
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIn most mass spectrometers the ion current received by the collector is measured by D. C. amplifiers, but it is preferable to use A. C. amplifiers, if possible, because in A. C. amplifiers there is no zero point drift and the number of stages can be easily increased.
We have intended to use an A.C. amplifier in mass spectrometer of Nier type. The ion current was made alternating by making the potential of the first slit which pulls out the ions from the ion source to have a rectangular form of −4 volts and +1 volt relative to the ion source chamber. The ion current amplified by a three stage A.C. amplifier of 110 db was rectified and then measured by a D.C. milliammeter of 1 mA full scale. The amplifier operated very stable and the current amplification factor was about 0.7×1010, the minimum ion current detectable at the collector being about 1.5×10−15 amperes.View full abstractDownload PDF (660K) -
Akiya Ookawa1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 473-478
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIt is characteristic with the crystalline solid of linear high polymers that the regular crystalline regions and the irregular entangled regions are mixed to form the spherulitic particles. Founded on this picture, the rate of crystallization is estimated as a function of the crystallization temperature, in line with the usual treatment on the formation of a new phase. The melting temperature in the process of heating the crystallized specimen at uniform rate is determined, on the supposition that melting is observed at temperature where the rate of melting becomes comparable with the heating rate. The theoretical results are fairly in accord with the observations on natural raw rubber. Some discussions are included relevant with the appropriateness of the model.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
Jitsuo Shimazu1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 479-485
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe thermionic emission and the crystal size of several oxide cathodes, BaO, SrO, double and triple oxide which were converted from equal molar carbonate solid solutions, were studied.
The thermionic emission of the oxides was measured by cathode ray tube and the crystal size were determined by the method of small angle x-ray scattering and the x-ray was measured by means of Geiger tube. For this purpose the oxide materials were stripped from the nickel sleeves and coated by a protective film.
The crystal sire of oxides which were suitably converted from carbonates were found in the range from 200 to 300 angstroms except BaO. In the case of (BaSr)O, the emission and crystal size were measured at different stage of heat treatment. Especially such an oxide that was exposed to air after decomposition of carbonate and showed a very poor thermionic emission exhibited a decided crystal growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (1000K) -
Tomoyosi Kawada1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 485-488
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe stress-strain curves and the change of appearance during elongation of zinc bicrystal specimens are discussed by taking account of the mutual interaction of neighbouring crystals, disregarding the mechanical properties of grain boundary. For the mutual interaction following assumptions are made: As the first step each crystal composing bicrystal specimens deforms freely, but each crystal does neither intrude into nor separate from the other at the grain boundary, nor glide on the other along the grain boundary. Thus the shape of specimen should differ from that in case of free deformation, namely, it suffers some correction so as to accord with the above-mentioned mutual interaction. For this correction of the shape some other work should be introduced in addition to the work for the free elongation of two crystals of bicrystal specimen, and from this additional work the stress-strain curves are deduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (684K) -
Ryosuke Yokota1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 489-494
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe diagram of the molecular refractien of Na2O–SiO2 glasses vs. composition (Na2O mol%=x) is found to be linear with breaks at x=0.231, 0.333, 0.428 and 0.474. Analysing this fact, it is concluded that at the latter three breaks the glass has the similar local arrangement of SiO4 tetrahedra as the silicate crystals do, which was found before by the author on X-ray and viscosity. The break at x=0.231 is briefly discussed. By the introduction of Na2O or other oxides into SiO2 glass, “ solvation ” takes place, and also “solvation in refractivity” —dec rease of refractivity of SiO4 tetrahedra—takes place.
These effects by the various metal ions are summarized and the characteristics of ions in gases or aqueous solutions are found to be preserved to some extent also in the silicate glasses.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K) -
Seijiro Maeda1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 494-499
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe magnetic after effect of C-Steel was measured in the cases of constant initial field, (saturation field) and various values of final field which correspond to various points on the descending branch of the magnetic hysteresis curve. The amount of after effect observed was larger than that of Cr-permalloy reported in the previous papers and the various forms of damping characteristic curves were obtained. The form of Bn(t), the total change of magnetization during the period from t second after the instant of the field change, shows a slower change than Bn(t)∝1⁄t, for the final fields stronger than Hf(max), for which the after affect takes a maximum walue, and rapid change than that of 1⁄t law for the value of Hf smaller than Hf(max). Furthermore the form of Bn(t) was changed sensitively by the change of temperatures and tensions applied. However, it was found that these features of the characteristic curves of Bn(t) were explained well quantitatively by the model based on the irreversible displacement of domain boundary. According to the theory Bn(t) was given by
Bn(t)=kD⁄a∫t∞β(Hom)1⁄t2dt
where k, D and a are constants and β(Hom) is an amount which depends on the form of the magnetic hysteresis loop of the specimen.View full abstractDownload PDF (732K) -
Takehiko Oguchi1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 499-501
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSFor an alloy of face centered cubic lattice consisting of A and B atoms present in the proportions 3 and 1, the short range order parameters for the sites of various distances from a given atom are calculated using the assumption of the nearest neighbour interaction at the temperatures above Curie point. The experimental results, especially the short range order parameter for 3rd neigbour, which is inconsistent with the result obtained by Bragg-Williams approximation, are explained qualitatively in this paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
Norio Kato1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 502-507
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe experimental method adopted was the same as that of Finch and Wilman. The following effects which might cause errors in the measurement were either eliminated or proved to be of negligible order; (1) inadequate setting of specimen of photographic plate to electron beam, (2) refraction, (3) charging up of the plate, (4) temperature elevation by electron-impact.
With beaten gold foil or evaporated gold film annealed at 300°C as the standard references, the following results were obtained on the lattice constant of KCl in both cases; (1) with KCl films immediately after preparation by vacuum evaporation, it was +0.3∼0.15% larger than the X-ray value, (2) by exposure of the film to air, the deviation decreased to a stationary value of +0.15% aud (3) specimen prepared by precipitation from aqueous solution showed the above stationary deviation.View full abstractDownload PDF (896K) -
Gunji Shinoda, Yoshitsugu Amano1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 508-512
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSBody-centred cubic β brass, containing ca. 40% Zn, obtained by quenching from 850°∼900°C. shows reversal process of Kurdjumow and Sachs type transformation during tempering. Various intermediate structures between β and face-centred cubic α were ascertained by means of X-ray analysis using capillary and ordinary X-ray tubes. Such are body-centred and face-centred tetragonal structures having various axial ratios; therefore the transformation must take, place with gradual manner, although the formation of martenstic needles are well known. The decrease of solubility of Zn in αa solid solution due to lowering of the temperature, determined from X-ray data, is more significant than of Konobejewski.View full abstractDownload PDF (1260K) -
Koichi Shimoda, Tetsuji Nishikawa1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 512-516
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe hyperfine structure of the ground state 2S1⁄2 of sodium atom, Na23 (I=3⁄2), has been measured by a microwave absorption method by means of a Zeeman modulation spectrograph. Among seven lines of the Zeeman components, F=1→F=2, six lines have been observed. The remaining one has not been obserbed since it is not affected by weak magnetic field. The hyperfine structure separation at zero magnetic field has been obtained from the results, and it is
Δν=1771.70±0.15Mc⁄sec
This is in good agreement with the known value measured by the atomic beam magnetic resonance method in the Paschen-Back region.View full abstractDownload PDF (632K) -
Koichi Shimoda, Tetsuji Nishikawa1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 516-520
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA low frequency Zeeman modulation microwave spectrograph for observing hyperfine structure of atomic sodium has been constructed. It sexperimetal details and the principle of operation are given. The sensitivity of the spectrograph may be estimated like the Stark modulation spectrograph. Since the modulation frequency cannot be chosen so high as Stark modulation, the noise figure of the crystal detector is rather large, which might be over come if the source modulation were superposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (624K) -
Jiro Yamaguchi, Saburo Nagata, Yuichi Matsuo1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 521
Published: 1951
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Hideji Suzuki1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 522-523
Published: 1951
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Saburo Nagata, Kosuke Agata1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 523-524
Published: 1951
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Akira Sugiyama1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 524-525
Published: 1951
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Masatami Takeda, Eiiti Turuta1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 525-527
Published: 1951
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Ryoitiro Sato1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 527-528
Published: 1951
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Ryoitiro Sato1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 528-529
Published: 1951
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Mitsuo Sakai1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 529-530
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Makoto Osawa, Ichiro Sugiura1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 530-531
Published: 1951
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Haruji Ishikawa1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 531-532
Published: 1951
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Junkichi Nakai, Shõgo Nakamura1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 532-533
Published: 1951
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Ryuma Kawamura1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 533-534
Published: 1951
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Yoshinobu Seki1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 534-535
Published: 1951
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Yasaku Wada, Sotoshi Shimbo1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 535-536
Published: 1951
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Yoshiro Hori1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 536-537
Published: 1951
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Ryumyo Ito1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 537-538
Published: 1951
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J. Nishiwaki1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 538-539
Published: 1951
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J. Nishiwaki1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 539-540
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Masaji Sekiguchi1951 Volume 6 Issue 6 Pages 541-542
Published: 1951
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