Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
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Volume 60, Issue 4
Displaying 1-50 of 50 articles from this issue
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  • Restricted IRF Models with Complex Coupling Parameters
    Tetsuo Deguchi
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1145-1149
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1145
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    We present restricted IRF (Interaction Round a Face) models with discrete complex-valued crossing parameters. We discuss two types of restriction mechanisms of restricted IRF models and apply them to generalize the ABF models and An(1)-cyclic RSOS models.
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  • Observation against the Weight Reduction of Spinning Gyroscopes
    Akira Imanishi, Koichi Maruyama, Shoichi Midorikawa, Teruhisa Morimoto
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1150-1152
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1150
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    Recently, Hayasaka and Takeuchi (H-T) reported the anomalous weight reduction of spinning gyroscopes for right rotations around the vertical axis but no weight changes for left rotations. Although we examined the asymmetric weight changes using a gyroscope similar in mass and in equivalent radius to the lightest one of H-T, the observed weight changes, (−0.20±0.35) mg for left and (−0.02±0.33) mg for right rotations, are consistent with zero, and the data for right rotations are not compatible with those presented by H-T.
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  • Cell Dynamical Approach to the Ordering Process of the Three-Dimensional Heisenberg System
    Hiroyasu Toyoki
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1153-1156
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1153
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    The ordering process of the quenched time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model for the three-component nonconserved order-parameter in the three-dimensional system is numerically investigated. The form factor is found to obey a dynamical scaling law with a characteristic length growing as t1⁄2. The density of topological defects and the energy density exhibit a power decay that is consistent with the scaling of the form factor. The interaction of the defects is briefly discussed.
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  • Ion Spectroscopy of Vibrational and Vibronic Excitation in He+–O2 Collisions
    Masakazu Mizutani, Nobuo Kobayashi, Yozaburo Kaneko
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1157-1160
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1157
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    Ion energy-loss spectra were measured for He+–O2 collisions at the laboratory impact energy of 50 eV and scattering angles of 1≤θ≤8° by the use of a novel ion source which can produce a nearly monochromatic beam with high intensity. Peaks corresponding to vibrational excitation of the electronically ground state X3Σg− and vibronic excitation to the first excited state a1Δg of O2 are clearly resolved. The relative differential cross sections of vibronic excitation to a1Δg at the collision energy of 50 eV show humps at the scattering angles of θ>4°. This implies that a drastic change in the mechanism of the electronic excitation to the a state takes place around the scattering angle of 4°, and it induces highly vibrational excitation of the a state at larger scattering angles.
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  • Wavy Wake Formation in the Absence of Submerged Bodies in Electrolyzed Salt Water
    Hiroyuki Honji
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1161-1164
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1161
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    It has been found experimentally that in electrolyzed salt water, a wavy wake forms in the absence of submerged bodies downstream of a localized region influenced by the magnetic field of permanent magnets moving at a constant velocity. The lower and upper critical numbers of a dimensionless current density (Q) for the formation region of the wavy wakes decrease with Reynolds number. A straight wake and a meandering wake also form at smaller and larger values of Q, respectively. No wake formation of this type occurs in nonelectrolytic common fluids.
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  • Beat-Wave Excitation of an Electron Plasma Wave by Counterpropagating Microwaves
    Mitsuyasu Yatsuzuka, Kikoh Satoh, Masataka Yamada, Hideki Kawarai, Tak ...
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1165-1168
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1165
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    An electron plasma wave driven by optical mixing of two oppositely propagating microwaves is experimentally studied. The wave amplitude is resonantly enhanced when the difference in frequency between two incident electomagnetic waves equals the electron plasma frequency. The absolute amplitude and the growth time of the excited waves are found to be 0.8% and 150 nsec (fpt=50, fp=340 MHz), respectively, at the incident microwave power of 40 kW. The wave amplitude obtained experimentally is in good agreement with that expected from the optical mixing theory with the damping term. The dominant damping term is ascribed to the Landau damping of high-energy electrons in the background plasma.
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  • On the Ferroelectric Phase of Lead Orthovanadate Pb3(VO4)2 Crystal
    Hirofumi Kasatani, Takashi Umeki, Hikaru Terauchi, Yoshihiro Ishibashi
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1169-1172
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1169
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    X-ray scattering experiments of Pb3(VO4)2 using a monodomain crystal were carried out above and below the ferroelectric transition temperature TC=273 K. The space groups were confirmed to be C2h5-P21⁄c and C23-A2 above and below TC, respectively. The ferroelastic and ferroelectric phase transitions with decreasing temperature are due to the instabilities at the F-point and the Γ-point, respectively, of the high-temperature trigonal phase.
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  • Ultrasonic Velocity in Large-Grained Al–Li–Cu Quasicrystal
    Hirokazu Koizumi, Takayoshi Suzuki, Kaoru Kimura, Shin Takeuchi
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1173-1175
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1173
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    Ultrasonic measurements have been made between 2 K and 200 K for quasicrystalline Al6Li4Cu. The temperature dependence of the ultrasonic velocity shows an anomalous decrease below 50 K with decreasing temperature. This anomaly is explained well by the existence of two-level systems without distribution of energy splittings.
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  • Second Sounds in Phase-Separating 3He–4He Mixtures
    Akira Onuki
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1176-1180
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1176
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    Second-sound propagation is investigated in superfluid phases of 3He–4He mixtures in the presence of finely divided nonsuperfluid droplets. The attenuation is enhanced by diffusion of the entropy and the 3He component through the interface. At relatively high frequencies, it is proportional to the surface area density. At very low frequencies, we predict anomalous damping due to first-order phase transition periodically taking place at the interface. The second-sound speed is considerably decreased at low frequencies.
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  • Morphological Evolution in DLA under Thermal Convection
    Takashi Nagatani
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1181-1184
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1181
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    The effect of thermal convection upon the diffusion-limited deposition (DLD) on a plate is investigated using a Monte Carlo model. The periodic flow of roll structure appearing in Be’nard convection is considered to be thermal convection. Morphological changes of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) under Be’nard convection are studied by computer simulation. The convective diffusion field is simulated by the biased-random walker resulting from a superimposed drift which represents the thermal convection. It is found that the deposit leads to the formation of a characteristic columnar morphology with increasing thermal convection. The columnar morphology is periodic in correspondence to the roll structure in Be’nard convection.
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  • Two-Dimensional Weak Localization in Electron High-Tc Superconductor Nd2−xCexCuOy under High Magnetic Field
    Yoshikazu Hidaka, Yukimichi Tajima, Kiyohiro Sugiyama, Futoshi Tomiyam ...
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1185-1188
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1185
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    Electron high-Tc superconductor Nd2−xCexCuOy single crystals are studied under high magnetic field of up to 20 tesla. The superconducting state is completely destroyed by the field when the field is applied along the c-axis and the normal electrical resistivity is obtained at all temperatures. The temperature dependence of the normal resistivity is plotted down to 1.3 K and a clear resistance minimum is found. The result is understood in terms of the two-dimensional weak localization model and this means that the materials are regarded as the intrinsic two-dimensional conduction system.
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  • Effect of Oxygen Deficiency on the Compressibility of High-Tc Superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ
    Kazufumi Suenaga, Gendo Oomi
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1189-1192
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1189
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    The effect of pressure on the lattice constant and crystal structure of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) has been studied up to about 120 kbar at room temperature in the wide range of δ, 0<δ<1. It is found that the lattice compression of all samples is anisotropic, and the volume compressibility of superconducting YBCO increases with δ, having a peak near the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase boundary δ\simeq0.8.
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  • Magnetic States in bcc Manganese
    Shinpei Fujii, Shoji Ishida, Setsuro Asano
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1193-1196
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1193
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    We have carried out the total-energy band calculations of bcc Mn as a function of lattice constant for paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states. We have found that bcc Mn undergoes a first-order transition from a low-spin state to a high-spin state, not only in the ferromagnetic state but also in the antiferromagnetic state. The obtained results of the total-energy calculations indicate that bcc Mn prefers a paramagnetic state under compression, a low-spin ferromagnetic state under zero pressure and a high-spin antiferromagnetic state under expansion.
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  • Complete Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Spin-Wave Dispersion Relation of La2NiO4 Determined by Chopper Spectrometer Installed at the Pulsed Neutron Source
    Kazuyoshi Yamada, Masatoshi Arai, Yasuo Endoh, Syoichi Hosoya, Kenji N ...
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1197-1200
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1197
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    Inelastic neutron scattering measurements on the chopper spectrometer MARI installed in the pulsed neutron source ISIS observed a well-defined two-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin wave up to the zone-boundary of La2NiO4 at 124±3 meV.
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  • Compton-Profile Observation of Conduction-Electron Spin Polarization in Ferromagnetic Gd
    Nobuhiko Sakai, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Fumitake Itoh, Hiroshi Sakurai, Hiro ...
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1201-1203
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1201
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    The spin polarization of conduction electrons in Gd is clearly observed in the magnetic Compton profile. The magnetic moment of the conduction electron is evaluated to be 0.53±0.08 μB/atom, consistent with the bulk magnetic moment. The measurement is performed with circularly polarized synchrotron-radiation X-rays emitted from an elliptical multipole wiggler. A segmented Ge solid-state detector having thirteen elements is successfully used for high count-rate accumulation.
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  • Raman Scattering Spectra of (Sm2⁄3Ce1⁄3)2(Ba2⁄3Sm1⁄3)2Cu3O9
    Masashi Yoshida, Setsuko Tajima, Yuri Mizuo, Takahiro Wada, Yuji Yaega ...
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1204-1207
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1204
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    Polarized Raman spectra of (Sm2⁄3Ce1⁄3)2(Ba2⁄3Sm1⁄3)2Cu3O9 with the Cu–O5 pyramid structure have been measured at room temperature using single crystals. Peaks have been observed at 450 and 525 cm−1 in the A1g symmetry configuration and at 200 cm−1 in the B1g configuration. A peak due to a Raman-forbidden mode has been observed at 560 cm−1. The B1g symmetry peak is assigned to the out-of-phase bending of oxygen in the Cu–O2 plane. The energy of this mode is much lower than that of YBa2Cu3O7 (330 cm−1). On the other hand, the energies of the A1g-symmetry peaks are nearly the same as those in YBa2Cu3O7 (440 and 500 cm−1), suggesting that these two peaks are associated with the vibrations of apical oxygen.
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  • Freezing of Domain Growth in Cubic Solids with Elastic Misfit
    Hiraku Nishimori, Akira Onuki
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1208-1211
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1208
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    We simulate two-dimensional spinodal decomposition of binary alloys, taking into account both cubic elasticity and the difference of the shear modulus between two phases (elastic misfit). The cubic anisotropy leads to emergence of rectangular domains, while the elastic misfit produces a percolated network of softer regions wrapping harder domains and serves to dramatically slow down the coarsening. The resultant domain structures closely resemble real microstructures in cubic solids.
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  • Theory on Formation of the Ripple Phase in Bilayer Membranes
    Katsuya Honda, Hatsuo Kimura
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1212-1215
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1212
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    To discuss the phase transition from the Lα or Lβ phase to the periodic ripple (Pβ) phase, we propose a model free energy, which is a functional of two kinds of fields. One denotes the displacement of the polar head groups of lipid molecules and the other the order parameter describing the configuration of hydrocarbon chains. The free energy is noted to include no intrinsic lengths to generate the periodic pattern spontaneously. The ripple phase can be found to occur intermediately between two flat phases due to large fluctuations of the order parameter. The temperature dependence of the period and a qualitative phase diagram are also given.
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  • Diffusion-Limited Aggregation on Percolating Cluster: Crossover and Multifractal Structure
    Takashi Nagatani, H. Eugene Stanley
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1217-1225
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1217
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    Viscous fingering in porous media is considered as the diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) on the percolating cluster. The crossover between percolation and DLA is studied by using a three-parameter position-space renormalization-group approach. The global flow diagram in the two-parameter space is obtained. It is found that there are two nontrivial fixed points, the percolation point and the DLA point. Above the percolation threshold, the system crosses eventually over to the DLA fractal on the perfect lattice. The fractal nature and the multifractal structure of the growth probability distribution are derived from the position-space renormalization-group method. The multifractal structure at the percolation threshold is compared with that at the perfect lattice.
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  • On the Problem of Heating in the Response Theory
    Masakazu Ichiyanagi
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1226-1232
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1226
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    We address ourselves to the problem of treating Joule heat generated by applied fields. We go beyond the existing theories by developing a microscopic theory of cooling mechanism. This is done through a quantum mechanical reservoir model. Explicit expressions are given for the heat flux and the entropy production. It is shown that the cooling mechanism, which carries away the heat generated, can be realized by an electron-phonon interaction.
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  • Effect of Axial Currents on the Capillary Instability of a Gas-Core Liquid Jet
    Samia S. Elazab
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1233-1236
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1233
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    The capillary instability of an incompressible inviscid, electrically conducting fluid cylinder immersed in another liquid, in the presence of axial currents is considered. The results with zero current show that the range of instability of the gas-core liquid jet is the same as that of full liquid cylinder. The case when the model is affected by the current is studied and it is found that the current has a destabilizing influence. With increasing the current intensity the domain of instability is increasing. In fact both the growing rate of instability and the critical wavenumber are extensively increasing. This showed that how much the domain of instability is extended and expanded with increasing the intensity of the current. Some reported works are recovered as limiting cases from the present result.
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  • High-Current Runaway Electron Beam in a Tokamak Plasma
    Takaaki Fujita, Yasutaka Fuke, Zensho Yoshida, Nobuyuki Inoue, Takeo T ...
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1237-1246
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1237
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    An equilibrium of toroidal plasma with a large electron-beam current has been realized using the runaway effect in a tokamak. Reproducible runaway-mode discharges are obtained with pure hydrogen gas by the help of intense titanium flashing which results in a low electron density. The beam current is estimated to be more than a half of the total toroidal current. The equilibrium of this discharge is maintained by a strong vertical field because the beam pressure gives rise to an additional increase in Shafranov Λ. The beam pressure is estimated to be more than 80% of the total pressure. The kinetic energy and the spatial distributions of beam electrons are studied by seeing X-ray emission from a tungsten wire inserted into the plasma. The increase of Shafranov Λ due to beam pressure is enhanced by puffing gas into the discharge.
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  • Correlation between Transition Entropy and the Rhodes-Wohlfarth Ratio in Ferroelectric Materials
    Yositaka Onodera, Nobuyuki Sawashima
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1247-1256
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1247
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    A systematic correlation is discovered for a number of ferroelectrics between transition entropy ΔS and the Rhodes-Wohlfarth ratio pc⁄ps, where pc is the effective dipole moment determined from the Curie-Weiss constant assuming the existence of permanent dipoles, while ps is the saturation moment. The unified theoretical model of ferroelectrics, which is capable of describing essential features of both displacive-type and order-disorder-type ferroelectrics, is shown to reproduce the above correlation strikingly well.
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  • Heat Capacity of Liquid Tl–Te Alloys
    Fujio Kakinuma, Satoru Ohno, Kenji Suzuki
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1257-1262
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1257
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    The measurements of heat capacity were made for liquid Tl–Te alloys using an adiabatic scanning calorimeter over the whole concentration range. The excess heat capacity for liquid Te-rich Tl–Te alloys can be attributed to the change in the bonding configuration around Te. The concentration dependence of the heat capacity suggests that the bonding nature changes gradually with increasing Tl content and drastically changes around the composition of Tl2Te. The heat capacity for liquid Tl2Te alloys has a small temperature coefficient at temperature where a nonmetal-metal transition occurs. It means that the excess heat capacity for liquid Tl2Te alloy may not be due to the dissociation of the chemical complex.
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  • Phonon-Assisted Ion Hopping in Superionic Conductors Based on the Lattice Gas Model
    Tomozo Tomoyose
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1263-1271
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1263
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    The jump diffusion of interacting mobile ions in superionic conductors (SIC) is studied by the phonon-assisted hopping theory. The interacting mobile ions are described by the lattice gas model. In order to study the correlated hopping of mobile ions, we calculate the average jump rate taking account of the average distribution of mobile ions at the nearest neighboring sites around the hopping ion after and before the hopping. We find that the average jump rate is thermally activated and that its activation energy is low at high concentration of mobile ions. This suggests that a low activation energy of SIC is due to the mutual interaction of mobile ions.
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  • A Density Functional Model for the Surface Profile of Liquid Metals
    Masao Iwamatsu
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1272-1278
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1272
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    A simple phenomenological model for the liquid metal surface based on the density functional formalism is proposed to study the surface density profile. The model is based on the density functional formalism and takes care of the strong density dependence of the free energy as well as the electrostatic dipole barrier. It is shown that this dipole barrier due to the difference of the electronic and ionic density distributions in the liquid-vapor transition zone is responsible for the oscillation of the ionic density profile. The necessary condition for the appearance of this oscillation is also elucidated.
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  • Band Structure of Layered Semiconductor α-In2Se3
    Nobuo Narita, Sumiaki Nagai, Shigeru Saito, Kenji Nakao
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1279-1285
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1279
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    The electronic band structure of layered semiconductor α-In2Se3 is calculated by using the KKR method. For the muffin-tin potential constructed from the ionized atoms In+1.30 and Se−0.86 the band gap is obtained to be about 1.45 eV which is consistent with the observed value. All of the bands corresponding to Se-4s, Se-4p, In-5s and In-5p states are separated completely one another and are comparatively flat reflecting the general characteristics of layered materials with complex structure. The calculated effective masses in conduction and valence bands are considerably large, whose values are mc=1.1m0 and mv=1.9m0, respectively. Further it is demonstrated that the calculation of structure constants is very serious for materials with complex crystal structure such as α-In2Se3.
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  • Motion of Charged Soliton in Polyacetylene Due to Electric Field. II. Behavior of Width
    Makoto Kuwabara, Yoshiyuki Ono, Akira Terai
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1286-1293
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1286
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    By numerical simulations treating the motion of a charged soliton in polyacetylene, we analyze the width of a moving soliton. The motion of the soliton is induced by applying an electric field as in the previous work. The soliton width is estimated by two methods; one is from the excess charge density profile and the other from the distortion in the lattice displacement. Both results indicate that the width decreases as the soliton velocity increases. Quantitatively, however, the amount of decrease is different in the two cases; the maximum change of the width is about 10% in the former case whereas it is 20% in the latter. Furthermore, the width obtained from the lattice distortion is found to oscillate as a function of time, consistently with the excitation of the amplitude mode around a soliton.
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  • High Field Magnetoresistance and de Haas-van Alphen Effect in LaSn3
    Izuru Umehara, Nobuyuki Nagai, Yoshichika \={O}nuki
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1294-1299
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1294
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    We have measured the magnetoresistance and the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect in LaSn3. From the results of magnetoresistance, this substance has been confirmed to be an uncompensated metal with open orbits. About fifteen dHvA branches have been observed, which are well explained by the results of the recent band calculation done by Hasegawa and Yamagami.
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  • Meissner Effect in La2−xBaxCuOy as Functions of x and y
    Takashi Uemura, Kazuyoshi Yoshimura, Koji Kosuge
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1300-1305
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1300
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    The ac susceptibility was measured for the powdered samples of La2−xBaxCuOy with various Ba and oxygen contents. Double maxima at x=0.08 and 0.16 and a large dip at x=0.12 were observed in both the Meissner volume fraction f and the superconducting transition temperature Tc′ where the Meissner signals start to show a large drop. We have newly found that for x=0.12 the decrease of the oxygen concentration y leads to a rise of Tc′ and an increase of f, suggesting that the decrease of y suppresses the low-temperature phase transition between orthorhombic and tetragonal structures which makes the superconductivity unstable around x=0.12. Furthermore, we observed that the onset temperature of the Meissner effect Tcos of about 30 K is almost independent of x and y, while the superconducting transition becomes broad and f decreases with lowering Tc. These results indicate that some optimum composition which shows the intrinsic superconductivity exists in the range of 0.08≤x≤0.16.
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  • Superconductivity near Charge Transfer Instability in CuO2 Structure
    Akiharu Miyanaga, Yasumasa Hasegawa, Hidetoshi Fukuyama
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1306-1320
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1306
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    The possible symmetries of superconductivity is studied on a system near charge transfer instability in CuO2 layer structure for a case where the Cu sites do not have magnetic moment. This case corresponds either to ignore the existence of magnetic moments in actual high Tc Cu-oxides by focusing only on charge fluctuations or to consider the ground state configurations of d8 or d10 at the Cu-sites. By deriving effective interaction processes, which become important near the charge transfer instability, the critical temperatures have been estimated as a function of the doping rate, δ, based on weak-coupling approximation. It is seen that they have characteristic δ-dependence depending on symmetry.
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  • Magnetic Properties of Superconducting and Nonsuperconducting GdBa2(Cu1−xMx)3O7 (M=Fe, Co, Ni: x=0–0.19)
    Hajime Shimizu, Isamu Oguro, Juichiro Arai
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1321-1326
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1321
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    Magnetization measurements were carried out for the samples of superconducting and nonsuperconducting GdBa2(Cu1−xMx)3O7 (M=Fe, Co, Ni: x=0–0.19). From the magnetization curve at 1.3 K below Gd-ordering temperature TN, a Gd-spin flipping field, a molecular field and an anisotropy field were determined to be 1.5 T, 3.0 T and 0.4 T, respectively, and decrease of their saturation magnetizations due to increase of dopants was also observed. Furthermore, it was found that TN of metal doped samples decrease with increasing the concentrations of dopants. These results indicate that magnetic moments of doped metal atoms couple antiferromagnetically with Gd spins and this antiferromagnetic interaction reduces TN of Gd spins.
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  • Microscopic Theory of a Critical Temperature of Superconducting Superlattices
    Yukio Tanaka, Masaru Tsukada
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1327-1336
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1327
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    The transition temperature of clean superconducting superlattice is shown to be raised above that of bulk superconductor, by choosing material parameters properly. This is due to the interference of the wave function which is reflected by the multilayered structure. However we can not expect this effect in the superconducting superlattice in the dirty limit, as the wave character of the Cooper pair is smeared out due to the impurity scattering.
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  • Fluctuation Effect on Magnetization and Specific Heat in High Temperature Superconductors under Magnetic Field
    Ryusuke Ikeda, Toshihiko Tsuneto
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1337-1346
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1337
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    Using the renormalized fluctuation theory developed to explain the resistive transition in high temperature superconductors (HTSC) under an applied field, a formula for temperature derivative of magnetization is derived which enables one to study the reversible temperature region in HTSC with layer structure. It is pointed out that, because of strong fluctuation effects in HTSC, the reversible dc magnetization of HTSC below TcH has a nontrivial field dependent correction due to higher Landau level fluctuations to the usual mean field-like behavior, and that the linear temperature dependence should not be seen in BSCCO. A good agreement with YBCO data is obtained. A higher Landau level correction to the specific heat is also discussed.
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  • Haldane Gap in the Spin-1/2 Double Chain Heisenberg Antiferromagnet —Numerical Diagonalization and Projector Monte Carlo Study—
    Kazuo Hida
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1347-1354
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1347
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    The properties of the spin-1/2 double chain Heisenberg antiferromagnet are studied by means of the numerical diagonalization and the projector Monte Carlo simulation. The model consists of the two spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic quantum Heisenberg chains coupled with each other via the ferromagnetic interchain coupling J′. It is shown that the first excited state has a gap for large enough J′. This gap continues to the Haldane gap in the limit J′→∞, where spins on the different chains form triplets on each site. On the other hand, the gap decreases rapidly between J′=1.0 and 0.6 and is undetectable for J′<0.6 within the present accuracy.
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  • Magnetization Process of Ferrimagnetic Multilayers
    Mitsuhiro Motokawa, Hitoshi Dohnomae
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1355-1360
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1355
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    Magnetization process of an antiferromagnetically coupled ferromagnetic layers is discussed. Magnetic phase transition occurs at a critical field from a ferrimagnetic structure to a twisted state. Angles between any magnetic moment and an applied field in the twisted state is analytically calculated by recursion formulae and the calculated magnetization curve is in good agreement with the experimental one.
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  • Far-Infrared Transmission Spectra of SmB6
    Hitoshi Ohta, Ryuzo Tanaka, Mitsuhiro Motokawa, Satoru Kunii, Tadao Ka ...
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1361-1364
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1361
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    Far-infrared transmission measurements of a single crystal of SmB6 have been performed over the range from 25 to 150 cm−1 at 1.5 K. The obtained spectrum shows a gradual increase of transmission below around 100 cm−1, which was first observed in this experiment, and a steep increase in transmission below 35 cm−1. From this result, we conclude that the absorption edge arising from the energy gap must be around 100 cm−1. The absorption between 35 and 100 cm−1 is attributed to impurities or defect sub-levels located in the energy gap. This gives a reasonable explanation to the two edges at 35 and 100 cm−1 which have been seen in many other types of measurements.
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  • Internal Magnetic Field at the La Atom in La2MO4 (M=Cu, Ni)
    Manabu Takahashi, Tomotoshi Nishino, Junjiro Kanamori
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1365-1371
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1365
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    A cluster model calculation in which a tight binding Hamiltonian including intraatomic electron electron interaction is exactly diagonalized is carried out to explain the observed values of the internal magnetic fields at the La site in La2CuO4 and La2NiO4 which are about 1 kOe and about 18 kOe, respectively. It is shown that the internal fields reflect the spin correlation between apical oxygen and Cu or Ni, and that the electron correlation is important to determine the magnitude of the field.
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  • Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Amorphous and Annealed Ni84Y8Kr8 Alloys
    Victor M. Ratag, Hideki Miyajima, Nobuyoshi Wakabayashi, Shigeo Nakahi ...
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1372-1378
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1372
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    Magnetic and electrical properties of amorphous and annealed Ni84Y8Kr8 samples have been investigated. A transition towards a state of higher magnetization is observed in a high field. This anomaly may be interpreted as a metamagnetic transition. The spontaneous magnetization, M(0, T), and the initial susceptibility, χ(0, T) exhibit maxima below 10 K. The resistivity measurements reveal that the amorphous sample has a resistivity minimum at about 15 K. The resistivity minimum is not observed in the annealed sample. The high magnetic field affects the resistivity at low temperatures.
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  • 13C and 1H NMR Relaxation of Chloroform Dissolved in a Nematic Liquid Crystal. I. Cross Correlation between Intramolecular and Intermolecular Dipole-Dipole Interactions
    Mitsumasa Ishiwata
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1379-1387
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1379
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    13C and 1H relaxation times of a coupled 13C–1H spin system dissolved in a nematic phase have been measured at 400 MHz (for 1H) by the selective and nonselective inversion recovery method. The relaxation times of doublet lines of each spin are different from each other. Especially, when a 1H line is inverted selectively, the relaxation time of the 13C line connected progressively to the inverted one is fairly different depending on which line of the 1H is inverted. Master equations for longitudinal relaxation are derived under the assumption that in addition to two relaxation mechanisms of the intramolecular dipole-dipole and external random field interactions, interference effects between the two might be nonnegligible in the oriented phase. The differences in the relaxation times have been explained by this interference effect.
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  • Spin Depolarization of a Quantum Particle; Fermionic Path Integral Approach
    Masato Nakamura, Kazuo Kitahara
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1388-1397
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1388
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    The spin depolarization of a quantum particle in random magnetic field is treated in terms of a path integral in the spin states as well as the translational motion. The path integral of the spin operator, represented in terms of Fermion operators, is performed in the Fermion coherent state representation. An expression for the spin depolarization is obtained for an arbitrary magnetic field distribution. A particular case, in which the magnetic field is oriented in the z-direction and the magnitude is Gaussianly distributed, is considered and the spin decays exponentially in time.
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  • Anisotropic Drude Reflectivity of Ag2F Crystal
    Xiao-lei Wang, Mikihiko Ikezawa
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1398-1405
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1398
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    Large single crystals of Ag2F have been grown and anisotropic electrical conductivity and optical reflectivity have been measured. The dc conductivity along the c-axis is about one tenth of that in the c-plane and its temperature dependence is metallic. Reflectivity spectra have been observed from 0.05 to 30 eV with linearly polarized light whose electric vectors are perpendicular and parallel to the c-axis. Clear anisotropic reflectivity due to the conduction electrons has been found with the sharp Drude edges at 2.9 and 0.9 eV in the perpendicular and parallel directions, respectively. The analysis of the results does not give a quantitative support to the two Fermi surface model proposed by Hamada et al. Absorption spectra in the interband transition region above the Drude edges also show anisotropy.
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  • Fluorine-Kα and Chlorine-Kβ Emission Spectra from Alkali Fluorides and Chlorides
    Chikara Sugiura
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1406-1414
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1406
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    The fluorine-Kα and chlorine-Kβ emission spectra in fluorescence from a series of alkali halides MX (M=Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs; X=F and Cl) are measured with a high-resolution two-crystal spectrometer. Solid-state effects are observed on the intensities of the K1L1 and Kβx satellite peaks in the Kα and Kβ emission spectra, respectively. An anomalously low intensity of the K1L1 satellite peak is observed for KF. The measured emission spectra are presented along with the UPS spectra of the F− 2p and Cl− 3p valence bands obtained by Poole et al., the fluorine K absorption-edge spectra by Nakai et al. and the chlorine K absorption-edge spectra by the author. By using these spectra, the first shoulder at the K absorption edge is identified as being due to a core exciton, the energy level of which is formed below the bottom of the conduction band. The binding energy of the exciton is estimated.
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  • Responses of Superheated Superconducting Tin Granules to α-Ray Irradiations in Various Energy
    Takeo Ebisu, Naoki Nakagawa, Tadashi Watanabe
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1415-1423
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1415
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    By sampling spherical tin granules of diameter from 145 through 250 μm one by one, we studied responses of them in the superheated superconducting state to incident α particles of energies less than 4.7 MeV in a range of temperature from 2.25 to 3.00 K in magnetic fields. Line shapes of the signals obtained in the phase transition were found out to have a half-width of 4∼8 μs in time. The energy sensitivity of the specimens was ascertained to increase with decreasing temperature. The superheated state turns normal with an energy deposit two orders of magnitude less than that is required for the whole of a granule to be uniformly heated up. This means that heating ∼0.1% of the volume is enough to trigger the full penetration of an applied field into a hit granule. Our results offer elements indispensable for applying the breakdown of the Meissner effect to the detection of weakly-interacting particles.
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  • Isomer Decay of 136Ce Studied by Gas Filled Recoil Ion Separator
    Takeshi Murakami, Yasuyuki Gono, Masumi Oshima, Hideshige Kusakari, Ko ...
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1424-1425
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1424
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  • Isotope Effect in the Organic Superconductor κ-(BEDT–TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br
    Madoka Tokumoto, Nobumori Kinoshita, Yasumoto Tanaka, Hiroyuki Anzai
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1426-1427
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1426
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  • Incommensurate Magnetic Phases in NdCu6 near TN
    Setsuo Mitsuda, Hideki Yoshizawa, Nobuo Wada, Yoshichika \={O}nuki, Ta ...
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1428-1429
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1428
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  • Dielectric Relaxation in NH4Cr(SO4)2·12H2O
    Minoru Sumita, Haruhisa Ishigami, Toshio Osaka, Yasuharu Makita
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1430-1431
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1430
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  • Fundamental Solutions for Radio Frequency Discharges between Dielectric-Covered Parallel-Plate Electrodes
    Shigehiko Nonaka
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1432A
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1432A
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  • Vectorial Analysis of the Gaussian Beams of Light
    Koichi Shimoda
    1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1432B
    Published: April 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.60.1432B
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