Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
Volume 68, Issue 3
Displaying 1-50 of 62 articles from this issue
  • Akinori Nishino, Hideaki Ujino, Miki Wadati
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 701-704
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Through the q-deformation of the method developed by Takamura and Takano for the nonsymmetric Jack polynomials, we present the Rodrigues formula for the nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials.
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  • Ho–Young Kwak, Yoon Pyo Lee, Sarng Woo Karng
    Subject area: Fluid dynamics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 705-708
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The propagation of a pressure wave induced by the rapid bubble wall motion near the bubble collapse was studied analytically for a sonoluminescing gas bubble. It has been found that a pressure wave rather than a shock wave is launched into the bubble center just prior to the bubble collapse and the wave is reflected near the center. It has also been found that as the gas pressure inside the bubble increases, so the reflection point moves farther from the center. No sharp focusing developed by an inwardly moving shock wave reflected at the origin has been found. The temperature rise associated with the pressure wave developed inside the bubble turns out to be insufficient for emitting light.
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  • Seiji Taki, Kazuyoshi Sagara, Tsutomu Kadotani, Shoichi Kai
    Subject area: Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties).
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 709-711
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Systematic observations are carried out on the molecular alignment in monolayers of mixtures of n-cyanobiphenyl (nCB) liquid crystals such as n=7CB to 12CB on a molybdenum disulfide substrate (MoS2) using a scanning tunneling microscope. Several different types of specific alignments of the mixtures are observed depending on the mixture rate and the combination of nCB. There are also mixture combinations in which no specific alignment is observed.
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  • Toshifumi Itakura, Yoshikazu Suzumura
    Subject area: Electron states in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 712-715
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We have examined spin density wave (SDW) state in a quasi-one-dimensional electron system with both commensurability of quarter-filled band and dimerization, which compete with each other. It is shown that there are two kinds of critical temperatures: Tc for the onset of the SDW state and Tc2 (< Tc) for another phase at low temperatures, where both phase transitions are of the second order. The former is pure 2kF-SDW and the latter is followed by 4kF-charge density wave with Fermi momentum, kF.
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  • Masatsura Igami, Takeshi Nakanishi, Tsuneya Ando
    Subject area: Electronic transport in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 716-719
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The conductance of carbon nanotubes with a vacancy is studied in a tight-binding model.We examine the Fermi energy ε dependence of the conductance and show it is quantized into zero, one, and two times the conductance quantum e2/π(h/2π) depending on the type of vacancy in the half-filled case, i.e., ε = 0. In the presence of a magnetic field, the conductance is scaled by the component of the magnetic field in the direction of the vacancy.
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  • Mamoru Sakaue, Hideaki Kasai, Ayao Okiji
    Subject area: Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces and thin films.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 720-723
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The effect of Coulomb interactions between photoexcited electrons and holes on time-resolved two-photon photoemission from a metal surface is investigated with the aid of a simple model where the electron system consists of an sp-band, a d-band and free electron states above the vacuum level. A formula for the correlation trace (photoelectron intensity as a function of the pump-probe delay time) is derived by perturbation theory based on the Liouville equation and by treating Coulomb interactions within the Hartree-Fock approximation. It is demonstrated on the basis of the obtained results how Coulomb interactions affect the correlation trace.
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  • Masashige Matsumoto, Manfred Sigrist
    Subject area: Superconductivity.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 724-727
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The chiral optical absorption by a single vortex in apx ± ipy-wave superconductor is studied theoretically.The px±ipy-wave state was recently suggested as the symmetryof the order parameter of Sr2RuO4 superconductor.Due to the violation of time reversal symmetry, there are two types of vortices whose winding orientation is the sameor opposite to the angular momentum of the Cooper pair. In a real material domains with px±ipy-wave states are expected.However, optical absorption of circular polarized lightdepends only on the winding of the vortexand has a low energy absorption peak which results in dichroism.Dichroism occurs if superconductivity is realized on a single Fermisurface sheet. However, in the case of several Fermi surface sheets dichroism may disappear, if the both types of carriers are present, electron-like and hole-like. Therefore chiral optical absorption is a possible experimentto detect the orbital dependent superconductivitywhich was suggested as the superconducting state of Sr2RuO4.
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  • Ryusuke Ikeda
    Subject area: Superconductivity.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 728-731
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The vortex glass (CVG) transition due to line-like (columnar) disorder, often called the Bose-glass transition, is examined at the mean field level and using the lowest Landau level approach to the Ginzburg-Landau model. The resulting transition field Bcvg(T) shows a linear behavior intemperature if it lies above the melting line in clean limit, in agreement with experimental data unexplained so far of YBCO in tesla range. Next, the key critical phenomena in this context, such as the precursors of the so-called transverse Meissner effect and the divergent in-plane conductivity σs, xx, are examined on the basis of the approach used previously to derive the VG scaling of σxx for the case of point disorder, and the obtained results together with the anisotropic scaling are consistent with those in the Boson mapping scenario. As a by-product, it is also shown that the present tilt response results for the 3D CVG transition imply a finite but nonuniversal critical conductance at the field-tuned superconductor-insulator transition in disordered thin films at T=0.
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  • Hitoshi Ohta, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Susumu Okubo, Shojiro Kimura, Hikomitsu ...
    Subject area: Magnetic properties and materials.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 732-735
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Millimeter and submillimeter wave ESR measurements on a single crystal of an S=1/2 Heisenberg ladder-like system Cu2(C5H12N2)2Cl4 have been performed using a pulsed magnetic field up to 16, T. The gap is estimated to be 9.7, K from the temperature dependence of ESR intensity. The detailed frequency dependence of ESR in the frequency region from 40 to 420, GHz at 1.8, K suggests magnetic transitions at Hc1=7.5, T, Hc2=10.1, T and Hs=13.2, T. A transition at 10.1, T is suggested for the first time. These results are discussed with previous magnetization measurements and theoretical calculations, and our results appear to be difficult to interpret according to the simple ladder model.
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  • Daisuke Akahoshi, Yutaka Ueda
    Subject area: Magnetic properties and materials.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 736-739
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Three compounds, orthorhombic YBaCo2O5.5, tetragonal YBaCo2O5.5 and YBaCo2O5.0, have been synthesized and their structural, magnetic and electrical properties have been investigated.The structures of all three compounds have a CoO2--Y(O)--CoO2 block layer sandwiched between the BaO layers.Magnetic and metal-insulator transitions have been observed in orthorhombic YBaCo2O5.5 which has a one-dimensional ordering of oxygen atoms along the b-axis in the Y(O) layers. Tetragonal YBaCo2O5.5 and YBaCo2O5.0, which are both semiconductive, show magnetic transitions. The physical properties of YBaCo2O5+x strongly depend on the structure and oxygen content.
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  • Tatsuya Kawae, Masakazu Ito, Masaki Mito, Kazuyoshi Takeda
    Subject area: Magnetic properties and materials.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 740-743
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We have studied the field dependence of the heat capacity of a typicalHaldane antiferromagnet (CH3)4NNi(NO)3 (TMNIN) doped with thenonmagnetic impurity Zn2+, as well as of a pure TMNIN. The overallfeatures of the magnetic heat capacity, including the characteristic broadmaximum, are almost reproduced by the theoretical curve with J/kB =-12, K for both systems in zero field. The field dependence in the impuresystems is described well by assuming the Schottky heat capacity with S =1, not S = 1/2 expected from the VBS model. A possible reason why the S= 1 model is suitable is discussed.
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  • Naokazu Shibata, Hirokazu Tsunetsugu
    Subject area: Magnetic properties and materials.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 744-747
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The finite-temperature density-matrix renormalization-group method is applied to the one-dimensional Kondo lattice modelnear half-filling to study its thermodynamics. The spin and charge susceptibilities and entropy are calculated down to T=0.03t. We find two crossover temperatures near half-filling.The higher crossover temperature continuously connects to the spingap at half-filling, and the susceptibilities are suppressed at around this temperature.At low temperatures, the susceptibilities increase again withdecreasing temperature when doping is finite. We confirm that the susceptibilities finally approach to the values obtained in the Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) liquid ground state for several parameters.The crossover temperature to the TL liquid is a new energy scale determined from gapless excitations of the TL liquid.The transition from the metallic phase to the insulating phase is accompanied by the vanishing of the lower crossover temperature.
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  • Masahiro Matsumura, Masaki Horiike, Takashi Yokoyama, Hideki Yamagata
    Subject area: Superconductivity.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 748-751
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The Cu NQR spectra were observed over the whole range of x in the paramagnetic state of Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-y. The NQR frequencies, νNQR, for both the Cu(2) and Cu(1) sites do not change significantly with increasingx. These results are in marked contrast to the variation of νNQR at the metal-insulator transition in YBa2Cu3Ox andLa2-xSrxCuO4. This suggests that the doped holes inYBa2Cu3O7 still remain in the CuO2 plane even inPrBa2Cu3O7, which conflicts with the hole-filling mechanism for thesuppression of the superconductivity in PrBa2Cu3O7.Since our value of νNQR in PrBa2Cu3O7 is differentfrom that presented in the previous report, the NMR spectrum in the antiferromagnetic orderedstate was reconsidered.
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  • Kozo Okada
    Subject area: Optical properties and condensedmatter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 752-755
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The present paper discusses the role of U 5f-5f exchange interaction (J) in the inverse photoemission spectrum (IPES) and the U 4f x-ray photoemission spectrum (XPS) of uranium intermetallic compounds. The origin of the broad main peak in the IPES of UPd3 and UPd2Al3, for instance, is ascribed to the exchange coupling effects of 5f electrons. In other words, whether the ground state is of high-spin or of low-spin is directly reflected in the width of the IPES. On the other hand, the interpretation for the U 4f photoemission spectrum is not so greatly influenced by J. The full-multiplet calculations are also performed for an U4+ ion for comparison.
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  • Hiroshi Kakuhata, Kimiaki Konno
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 757-762
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We give a physical model of the O(3)-invariant coupled integrabledispersionless equations where a string with internal structure isinteracting to the external field.We derive loop soliton solutions through the bilinear equations in whichsolitons can move to positive and negative directions.We study two soliton interactions in detail.
  • Alexandru Popa
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 763-770
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We have demonstrated in previous papers the following property: The energy which results from the Schrödinger equation can be rigorously calculated by line integrals of analytical functions, if the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, written for the same system, is satisfied in the space of coordinates by a periodical trajectory. We presented an accurate analysis model, based on this property. We present now the application of the model to the case of the boron and carbon atoms, to the ions with the same structure, and to the H2 and Li2 molecules.
  • Zuonong Zhu, Hongci Huang, Weimin Xue
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 771-775
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    From a proper 2× 2 discrete isospectral problem, the relativistic Volterra lattice introduced by Suris and Ragnisco is rederived. So, a new Lax matrix for the relativistic Volterra lattice is given. Integrable discretization of the relativistic Volterra lattice is also obtained.
  • Kazuhiro Hikami, Rei Inoue
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 776-783
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We study the Hamiltonian structure of the Bogoyavlensky lattice, which is an integrable differential-difference equation and is ageneralization of the Volterra model.We construct the lattice W algebras by use of the dynamicalvariables of the Bogoyavlensky lattice, and also show the bi-Hamiltonian structure thereof.The quantization of the lattice W algebras is briefly discussed.
  • Yongtang Wu, Xianguo Geng
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 784-790
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The nonlinearization approach is generalized to the case of the Neumann constraint associated with a discrete 3× 3 matrix eigenvalue problem. A new symplectic map of the Neumann type is obtained by nonlinearization of the discrete eigenvalue problem and its adjoint one. A scheme for generating the involutive system of conserved integrals of the symplectic map is proposed, by which the symplectic map of the Neumann type is further proved to completely integrable. As an application, the calculation of solutions for the hierarchy of lattice soliton equations connected to the discrete eigenvalue problem is reduced to the solutions of a system of ordinary differential equations plus a simple iterative process of the symplectic map of the Neumann type.
  • Yuji Igarashi, Katsumi Itoh, Ken Nakanishi
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 791-796
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    In a certain class of differential-difference equations for dissipative systems, we show that hyperbolic tangent model is the only the nonlinear system of equations which can admit some particular solutions of the Toda lattice. We give one parameter family of exact solutions, which include as special cases the Toda lattice solutions as well as the Whitham's solutions in the Newell's model. Our solutions can be used to describe temporal-spatial density patterns observed in the optimal velocity model for traffic flow.
  • Akinori Nishino, Hideaki Ujino, Miki Wadati
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 797-802
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Extending a method developed by Takamura and Takano, we present the Rodrigues formula for the nonsymmetric multivariable Laguerre polynomials which form the orthogonal basis for the BN-type Calogero model with distinguishable particles. Our construction makes it possible for the first timeto algebraically generate all the nonsymmetricmultivariable Laguerre polynomials with different parities for each variable.
  • Nobuyasu Ito, Yukiyasu Ozeki, Hidetsugu Kitatani
    Subject area: Statistical physics and thermodynamics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 803-810
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Ferromagnetic (FM) transition of the ± J Ising model is studied for square and simple-cubic lattices by Monte Carlo simulations. Non-equilibrium relaxation (NER) process of magnetization from theall-aligned spin state is analyzed.The transition temperature is estimated at several values of FM bondconcentrations to provide the boundary of the FM phase.The estimated NER exponent of magnetization shows non-universalbehavior and it becomes larger smoothly when the transitiontemperature becomes higher.
  • Kuniaki Nagayama
    Subject area: Optics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 811-822
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    A novel observation scheme, termed the complex observation, which is faithful to reconstruct optical images carried by either electromagnetic or material waves in their intrinsic complex form, is proposed. This observation is based completely on the coherent microscopy and comprised of a triple experiment consisted of twin experiments restoring two linear terms corresponding to the real and imaginary part of complex images and an additional experiment to cancel the square term which is in company with either linear term. A linear combination of three images obtained through the triple experiment is able to exhibit a complex quantity in the form to be numerically manipulated without rupture according to the formal theory of image formation. Manipulation of the phase and the intensity of primary waves penetrating through objects is the key in this observation.The basic scheme is applied to settle the long-standing issue in electron microscopy that the point resolution is impaired by the modulated contrast transfer, which originates from lens aberrations and defocusing. A computer simulation illustrates a modulation-free image with a drastic improvement on the contrast as well as the point resolution compared with the three originals utilized for the image reconstruction.
  • Hideyuki Oka, Katsuya Ishii
    Subject area: Fluid dynamics.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 823-832
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    In this paper, we study the behavior of gas bubbles rising through a viscous liquid in a vertical square duct numerically. The level set formulation developed by Sussman et al. is successfully generalized for three-dimensional incompressible two-phase flows including large density and viscosity ratios as well as surface tension effect. Numerical simulations are carried out for gas-liquid flows with different ratios of density. It is shown that the effect of variation of the density ratio on the bubble shape and the flow field is extremely weak when the ratio is larger than 1:50. The simulations of flows with a single bubble in a duct are also carried out to investigate the influence of the duct walls on the flow field. It is clarified that the bubble shape and the rising velocity strongly depend upon the ratio of a duct width to an initial bubble radius, but that there is hardly the effect of the ratio on the rising velocity when it exceeds ten. Finally, we present a numerical result on the interaction of two bubbles. The result is in qualitatively agreement with previous experimental data.
  • Nobuaki Ikuta, Akihide Takeda
    Subject area: Kinetic and transport theory of fluids; physical properties of gases.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 833-838
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The relaxation of the velocity distribution of gas particles proceeds only through collisions. The velocity dispersion probabilities through a collision draws the irreversible relaxation property clearly. The gas particles finally settle in the Maxwellian velocity distribution in which the energy exchange a collision is the maximum. The motive force to settle the gas particles in the Maxwellian velocity distribution is discussed with related problems.
  • Takeshi Yanagidaira, Toshikazu Yamamoto, Katsumi Hirano
    Subject area: The physics of plasmas and electric discharges.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 839-843
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Soft X-ray emitting spots (hot spots) generated in a plasma focus with a gas puffing are investigated using a streak mode imaging system for the soft X-ray region and a convex Bragg spectrometer which enables time resolved measurement. Using the imaging system, the typical size and lifetime of the hot spots in the focused neon plasma were measured to be {--} 1, mm in diameter, 13, mm in length and with a 5 -- 8, ns lifetime, approximately. The full width at half-maximum of the duration of the NeX (12.19, Å) 1s-2p and NeIX (13.447, Å) 1s2-1s2p lines measured with the spectrometer agree with that measured with the imaging system. The soft X-ray emission started in the latter half of the plasma sustaining time measured by visible streak image and extinguished almost at the same time as the visible image. In the case of neon plasma, generation of the soft X-rays is not ascribed to the disruption of the plasma column, but to the growth of the macroscopic instabilities in the plasma column.After the disruption, the soft X-rays are not observed at all.The electron temperature and the density of the hot spots were estimated by several methods giving {--} 0.5, keV and in order of 1021/cm3, respectively.
  • Ryutaro Kanno, Noriyoshi Nakajima, Masao Okamoto
    Subject area: The physics of plasmas and electric discharges.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 844-847
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    A formula for the radial thermal conductivity of electron in a self-similar structure of magnetic field with islands, e.g. in the edge region of a stellarator equilibrium, has been derived for the collisionless limit. It is described by using the non-Gaussian process with fractal nature. We have shown that the electron thermal conductivity in the edge region is reduced, if magnetic islands are large enough.
  • Kostyantyn N. Ostrikov, Sergey V. Vladimirov, Ming Y. Yu, Lennart Sten ...
    Subject area: The physics of plasmas and electric discharges.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 848-851
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    High-frequency electrostatic surface waves at the interface of a dusty plasma and a dielectric wall are investigated. The effects of ionization, recombination, and dust-charge variationare taken into account in a self-consistent manner, sothat the system considered is closed. It is shown that a coupling of the surface waves and the dust-charge relaxation modeleads to anomalous damping and frequency downshift of the waves.
  • Takeshi Yanagidaira, Toshikazu Yamamoto, Bing Shan, Katsumi Hirano
    Subject area: The physics of plasmas and electric discharges.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 852-856
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Soft X-rays generated by a plasma focus device with an Ar gas puff are studied using a composite system which consists of an imaging Bragg spectrometer and a soft X-ray high speed imaging system.Two modes of soft X-ray emitting sources in Z-pinch plasma, filamentary and scattered spots, are generated in this experiment depending on the delay time from the gas puff to the main discharge.Spectroscopic observation revealed that even the case of the filamentary mode is not really filamentary but is actually X-ray emitting spots (hot spots) densely arranged in a column along the electrode axis.By using the soft X-ray high speed imaging system, the streak mode display is restructured from the data obtained in a single shot.Temporally resolved observations in streak mode showed that a spot appeared at a point near the electrode face first, then different hot spots appeared successively along the axis and in a direction away from the electrode face.It is clarified that the hot spot is a small region from which intense H-like and He-like spectral lines are emitted.The size and the distance between spots are from 0.1 to 0.5 mm in radius and -- 0.5 mm in length, respectively.The lifetime of the spots is 5 -- 10 ns.The average electron temperature and density calculated from the intensity ratio of those spectral lines are -- 1.8 keV and 1.7×1022 /cm3, respectively.They did not show a notable change along the axis.
  • Takashi Aoyama, Yasuaki Hiwatari, Akira Ueda
    Subject area: Structure of liquids and solids; crystallography.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 857-865
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    A molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to studythe structures of liquid Se and liquid Te in the semiconducting andmetallic states from a unified point of view.A classical system is used which consists of an assembly of chainswith monodisperse length. We assume that the interaction potentialsof pairs of atoms of different chains aredescribed by an inverse power potential, i.e. soft-core potentialε (σ/r)n, and that the interactions are much softerin the metallic state than in the semiconducting state.The forces concerning the bonding, including geometricalconstraints between bonds are given by potentials of harmonic type.For semiconducting liquid Se the softness parameter n is set to be 24and for both metallic liquid Te and Se n to be 6 together withweak bond-stretching forces.Overall good agreements are obtained with the experimental results.The chain structure of our model realizes naturally shortand long bonds observed with EXAFS for liquid Te.Some information which may be useful for analyses of experimental datais also given.
  • Kenji Nomura, Tetsuo Shingai, Naohiko Yasuda, Hidehiro Ohwa, Hikaru Te ...
    Subject area: Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 866-870
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The pressure dependence in the disordered Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3 (PIN) single crystals (S=0.4 (type(I)), 0.2 (type(II))) were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The pressure dependence of the cell parameters and the integrated intensities of the (h/4 k/4 0) superlattice reflections associated with the antiparallel shift of lead cations were measured. The phase transition from the pseudo-cubic structure to the orthorhombic one was observed at about 0.4, GPa in the disordered-type(I) crystal. But no phase transition was observed below 0.8, GPa in the disordered-type(II) crystal. The disordered-type(I) crystal at higher pressure than 0.4, GPa was isostructural with the ordered crystal at the atmospheric pressure. But with increasing pressure in the disordered-type(I) crystal, the integrated intensities of the (h/2 k/2 l/2) reflections associated with the In/Nb arrangement did not change. The antiferroelectric phase was obtained not only by changing the In/Nb arrangement with isothermal annealing but also by applying pressure above 0.4, GPa in the disordered-type(I) crystal.
  • Takeshi Yamao, Makoto Hagiwara, Kuniyuki Koyama, Motohiro Matsuura
    Subject area: Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 871-875
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The intergrain ordering in a superconductive ceramic of YBa2Cu4O8 at zero external magnetic field is investigated by AC resistivity measurements.The third harmonic in-phase voltage component V' to a weak AC current shows a distinct negative peak across the intergrain transition temperature TC2, but not across the intragrain one TC1 (TC2 < TC1).A divergence of the nonlinear resistivity ρ2 is concluded at TC2 in the limit of vanishing AC current, while the linear resistivity ρ0 remains finite even at and below TC2.Such characteristic critical behaviors of the intergrain ordering of the present superconductive ceramic strongly suggest a chiral glass ordering recently predicted to occur in high-TC superconductive ceramics.
  • Atsushi Mori
    Subject area: Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 876-880
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Formulation describing the nonequilibrium steady-state(solid/liquid) interface motion in the language of continuummatter [A. Mori: J. Chem. Phys. 110, No. 16, in press] is extendedto the isothermal case.Equations derived from the mass- and the momentum-conservationare identical with those for the case without thermostating.However, equation derived from the energy-conservation iscombined with that derived from the second law of thermodynamics;as a result we express the chemical potential difference of thecoexisting two phases in terms of the specific volumes, net flow of mass in the liquid phase, and the viscosity term.
  • Kazuaki Iwasa, Masahumi Kohgi, Hiroyuki Ohsumi, Keisuke Tajima, Tetsuy ...
    Subject area: Thermal properties of condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 881-886
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    X-ray diffraction studies at low temperatures have been performed in order to investigate thermal properties of crystal lattices in the low-carrier-density systemscerium monopnictides. CeP and CeAs show large crystal-lattice contractions with increasingtemperatures up to about 120, K and 90, K, respectively. Due to the strong p-f mixing, theexcited crystal fieldΓ8-like state is expected to produce a shorter interatomic bond length betweencerium ions and neighboring pnictogens than that realized by the Γ7 ground state.The experimental results of the lattice contractions at low temperatures are explained bythe thermal average of these crystal field states.
  • Yoshio Miura, Hideaki Kasai, Wilson Agerico Diño
    Subject area: Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties).
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 887-892
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We investigate and discuss the effects of the coupling betweenmolecular rotation and vibration on the dissociative adsorption andassociative desorption dynamics of D2/Cu(111), with the aid of amodel Hamiltonian and the concept of a reaction path. In our modelHamiltonian, we take into account the molecular orientation dependenceof the reaction path curvature in the kinetic energy term. Wecalculate for the dissociative adsorption probability of D2 as afunction of its initial translational energy, vibrational androtational states, using the coupled channel method. By invoking theprinciple of microscopic reversibility, we obtain the correspondingassociative desorption probability results for D2 as a function of its final translational energy, vibrational and rotational states from thedissociative adsorption probability results. Furthermore, we showthat the calculation results qualitatively agree with experimental results.
  • Takashi Yanagisawa
    Subject area: Electron states in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 893-902
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We investigate the periodic Anderson model by a variational Monte Carlomethod. A new wave function is proposed based on the well-known Gutzwillerwave function. We calculate the physical properties using the MonteCarlo algorithm to consider the strong correlation effects.The ground state energy is improved considerably by taking into accountelectron-hole excitation effects.
  • Hidekazu Nojiri
    Subject area: Electron states in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 903-909
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We apply self-consistent second order perturbation theory (SCSOPT)with respect to the on-site repulsive interaction Uto study the Hubbard model in two dimensions.We investigate single particle properties of the model over the entiredoping range at zero temperature.It is shown that as doping decreases toward half-fillingω-mass enhancement factor increases, while k-mass enhancement factor decreases.The increase in ω-mass enhancement factor is larger thanthe decrease in k-mass enhancement factor, so that total-mass is larger than that in the non-interacting case.When particle number density per unit cell n is given by0.64
  • Ryo Tamura, Masaru Tsukada
    Subject area: Electron states in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 910-922
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The band structures of the periodic nanotube junctions are investigated by the effective mass theory and the tight binding model. The periodic junctions are constructed by introducing pairs of a pentagonal defect and a heptagonal defect periodically in the carbon nanotube. We treat the periodic junctions composed by two kinds of metallic nanotubes with almost same radii, the ratio of which is between 0.7 and 1. The discussed energy region is near the undoped Fermi level. The energy bands are expressed with closed analytical forms by the effective mass theory. They are similar to the dispersion relation of Kronig-Penny model and coincide well with the numerical results by the tight binding model. The width of the gap and the band are in inverse proportion to the length of the unit cell. The degeneracy and repulsion between the two bands are determined only from symmetries.
  • Naomi Kawamura, Hiroshi Maruyama, Kenji Kobayashi, Shigeaki Uemura, Ak ...
    Subject area: Electron states in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 923-929
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Multielectron excitations (MEE) have been investigated using X-ray magneticcircular dichroism at the K-edge in 3d transition metal ferromagneticand ferrimagnetic compounds.The MEE dichroic signal is located in the energy range 50 to 70, eV abovethe absorption edge.The intensity is of the order of 10-3 of the photoabsorption, comparable to the dichroism observed around the edge.The energy position is dependent on the absorbing magnetic atoms ratherthan the material structures.The energy difference between the K-edge and the MEE peak varies linearlywith the atomic number Z, and is related to the absorption energy of theM2, 3-edge of the (Z+1) atom.These features suggest that the 3d-states have a significant contributionto the MEE process.We propose that this MEE phenomenon is due to the super Coster-Kronigtransitions described as the final state (1s)1(3p)5(3d)n+2, in which two electrons are simultaneously excited to the 3d-orbitals.
  • Tadao Kasuya
    Subject area: Electron states in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 930-934
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Electronic states of electron doped high Tc material Nd2-xCexCuO4 have been investigated in detail based on the results of detailed band calculation performed in previous publications. It is proposed that a complicated multi-impurity state with one hole and two electrons is realized in the similar sense as in SmS and EuB6 studied before by us. This situation is most clearly seen in the photoemission measurement, and various anomalies due to two carriers are well explained selfconsistently. In particular, the superconducting character is essentially the same as the overdoped region of La2-xSrxCuO4, where the pair wave function for the paired magnetic polaron is thought to be predominantly s-character.
  • Kaoru Iwano
    Subject area: Electron states in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 935-940
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We theoretically study the interplay between a charge-density-wave (CDW)and spin-density-wave (SDW) in mixed-metal MX chains. We assume thattwo kinds of metals, namely, Pd and Ni, are randomly distributed in a one-dimensionalchain. Since all-Pd and all-Ni compounds show CDW and SDW, respectively, the gradualmixing of such a type gives a very good viewpoint for understanding both the states more deeply. Using a Peierls-Hubbard model and a mean-field approximation, we find thatthe CDW state is drastically suppressed by the replacement of Pd sites with Ni ones.As a result, the Ni concentration of 50&if; the Hubbard-U at Ni sites is large enough as expected in real materials.This means that all the Pd sites become Pd3+ with no halogen displacements and, as a whole, a modified SDW state is formed. Such a peculiar state, which does not exist in pureMX chains, can explain the results of ESR and Raman experiments.
  • Chisa Hotta, Hidetoshi Fukuyama
    Subject area: Electron states in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 941-949
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Theoretical studies on the pressure effects on the π-d system (DCNQI)2Cu is made at absolute zero based on the mean fieldcalculation of 3-chain periodic Anderson model.It has been indicated that the location of Cu d-level together with the Coulomb interaction between neighboring chains play crucial roles on the nature of ground states, and the possible origin of the unique M-I-M-I (M=metal, I=Insulator) transitions observed only in the iodine-containing (DCNQI)2Cu salts is searched for.
  • Hirofumi Wada, Tomonori Sakata, Akihiro Nakamura, Akihiro Mitsuda, Mas ...
    Subject area: Electronic transport in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 950-953
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The thermal expansion and temperature dependence of electrical resistivity were measured for EuNi2(Si1-xGex)2, which shows a valence transition against temperature in 0.5{≤}x{≤}0.82.A first-order phase transition was observed in the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters of x=0.79 and 0.82, while the lattice parameters vary continuously with temperature for x{≤}0.70. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity shows a peak at the valence transition temperature. The origin of the peak is discussed on the basis of the dynamic alloy model.
  • Yasushi Ishikawa, Hidetoshi Fukuyama
    Subject area: Electronic transport in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 954-963
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The effect of a magnetic field on Josephson current has been studiedfor a superconductor /normal-metal/superconductor (SNS) system, where N is a two-dimensional electron gas in a confining potential.It is found that the dependence of Josephson currents on the magnetic fieldare sensitive to the width of the normal metal.If the normal metal is wide and contains many channels (subbands), the current on a weak magnetic field shows a dependence similar toa Fraunhofer-pattern and, as the field gets strong, it shows anothertype of oscillatory dependence on the field resulting from the Aharonov-Bohm interference between the edge states.As the number of channels decreases (i.e. normal metal gets narrower), however, the dependence in the region of the weak field deviates from a clear Fraunhofer patternand the amplitude of the oscillatory dependence in the region of the strong field is reduced.
  • Takahiro Koishi, Shigeru Tamaki
    Subject area: Electronic transport in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 964-971
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    Based on the Langevin equations for cations and anions in amolten salt, the ionic partial conductivities are discussed inconnection with their masses. These partial conductivities areshown in terms of current-current correlation functions as anextension of Kubo theory. And these partial conductivities arealso described in terms of conductivity tensors which areintroduced from the macroscopic irreversible thermodynamicviewpoint. These theoretical results are justified by themolecular dynamics simulations carried out for molten NaCl andNaI.
  • Etsuji Yamamoto, Tetsuo Honma, Yoshinori Haga, Yoshihiko Inada, Dai Ao ...
    Subject area: Electronic transport in condensed matter.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 972-975
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We have measured the electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power, magnetic susceptibility, magnetoresistance and specific heat of a Pauli paramagnetic compound UB2.The magnetoresistance shows an extremely large H2-dependence for any field directions, indicating a compensated metal without an open orbit. This result is consistent with the results of the dHvA experiment and 5f-itinerant band calculation.
  • Shin–ichi Furusawa, Yuichi Sakai
    Subject area: Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces and thin films.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 976-980
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The ionic conductivity of AgI films on tri-glycine sulfate (TGS) single crystal substrates was measured at temperature range from 300, K to 425, K. An enhancement of the ionic conductivity was observed in low temperature phase of AgI (β -phase). The ionic conductivity of β -AgI films shows an increase with decreasing the thickness. The conductivity enhancement is dominated by the ionic conduction at the interface between β -AgI films and TGS substrates. Change of physical property of substrates, such as the phase transition and the variation of domain structure of TGS substrate, has no effect on the ionic conduction.
  • Takashi Ichinomiya, Kosaku Yamada
    Subject area: Superconductivity.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 981-986
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    We calculate one-particle spectrum A(k, ω) in thepresence of strong d-wave attractiveinteraction. We use the self-consistent T-matrix approximation and getanomalous behavior of the spectrum at low temperatures. The anomaly ischaracterized by a three-peak structure ofthe spectrum A(k=(π, 0), ω). We also compare our result withthat obtained by the angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy and discuss the essential nature of the pseudogap.
  • Yoshikatsu Kusama, Yoji Ohashi
    Subject area: Superconductivity.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 987-993
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    A spontaneous surface current state is investigated in unconventional superconductivity with broken time-reversal-symmetry. It is shown that a BCS supercurrent lowers the energy of the system in this state. The lowest state has zero total current; it satisfies the Bloch theorem which states absence of the total current in any stable state with no external field.We also show that the magnitude and the direction of the spontaneous current are strongly affected by the detail of the Fermi surface. We explain this effect in connection with a low-energy bound state near the surface originating from the anisotropy of the order parameter.
  • Masashige Matsumoto, Manfred Sigrist
    Subject area: Superconductivity.
    1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 994-1007
    Published: March 01, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 1999
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    The electronic states near a surface or a domain wallin the p-wave superconductor are studied for the order parameter ofthe form px ± i py-wave, which is a unitary odd-parity state withbroken time-reversal symmetry. This state has been recently suggested as the superconducting state ofSr2RuO4. The spatial variation of the order parameter and vector potential isdetermined self-consistently within the quasi-classical approximation.The local density of states at the surface is constant and does notshow any peak-like or gap-like structure within the superconductingenergy gap, in contrast to the case of the d-wavesuperconductors. The influence of an external magnetic field is mainly observable in the energy range above the bulk gap. On the other hand, there is a small energy gap in the local density ofstates at the domain wall between domains of the two degeneratepx+ipy-wave and px-ipy-wave states.
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