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Yasuhiro Fujii
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3143-3145
Published: 2000
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A correlation function of the XY spin chain is studied at zero temperature. This is called the Emptiness Formation Probability (EFP) and is expressed by the Fredholm determinant in the thermodynamic limit. We formulate the associated Riemann–Hilbert problem and solve it exactly. The EFP is shown to decay in Gaussian.
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Tomoyuki Nagaya, Hiroshi Orihara
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3146-3149
Published: 2000
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We have investigated the pattern fluctuations of electrohydrodynamic convection in a homeotropically aligned nematic layer by means of the dynamic image analysis. The time correlation function C
k(t) for the spatial Fourier coefficient was obtained from the observed patterns and exhibited the relaxational type. In the long-wavelength regime, it was found that the relaxation frequency is expressed as τ
-1(k)=α+κ k
2, where the coefficients α and κ are functions of a normalized voltage ε, and τ
-1(0)∝ε. These results indicate that the collective fluctuation of pattern induced by rolls should be diffusive. The analogy with the second-order phase transition induced by a relaxational soft mode is also discussed.
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Takashi Shimada, Teruyoshi Murakami, Satoshi Yukawa, Keiji Saito, Nobu ...
Article type: Fluids, Plasmas, and Electric Discharges
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3150-3153
Published: 2000
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Heat conduction phenomena are studied theoretically using computer simulation. The systems are crystal with nonlinear interaction, and fluid of hard-core particles. Quasi-one-dimensional systems of the size L
x× L
y× L
z(L
z >> L
x,L
y) are simulated. Heat baths are put in both ends: one has a higher temperature than the other. In the case of the crystal, the interaction potential V has a fourth-order nonlinear term in addition to the harmonic term, and the Nosé-Hoover method is used for the heat baths. In the case of the fluid, the stochastic boundary condition is charged, which performs the function of the heat baths. Fourier-type heat conduction is reproduced in both crystal and fluid models in a three-dimensional system, but it is not observed in lower-dimensional systems. The autocorrelation function of heat flux is also observed and long-time tails of the form ∼ t
-d/2, where d denotes the dimensionality of the system, are confirmed.
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Shinichiro Ishino, Tetsuo Shingai, Kenichiro Yagi, Victoria A. Shuvaev ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3154-3157
Published: 2000
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The behavior of domain reversal in relaxor Pb(Zn
1/3Nb
2/3)O
3 single crystals was studied using X-ray diffraction measurements. After the electric field was switched instantaneously, the {222} Bragg reflection rapidly decreased and then gradually increased with time. These intensity variations of the Bragg reflection are associated with the reorientation of domains. The Kohlrausch law, exp[-(t/τ)
β], is applied to the time dependence of the reflection intensity. The variation of the intensity under the various magnitudes of electric field was measured, and the behavior of domains with respect to time was discussed.
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XiaoJun Liu, Yutaka Moritomo, Arao Nakamura, Satoshi Matsuba, Norimich ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3158-3161
Published: 2000
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Pressure effects on Raman spectra have been investigated in quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) mixed-valence (MV) gold complexes [AuX(DBS)][AuX
3(DBS)] (X=Br and Cl, DBS=dibenzylsulfide) at 300K. We have observed pressure-induced deactivation of a Raman-active Au-X stretching mode, indicating a pressure-induced phase transition from the MV state to a single-valence (SV) state. The critical pressure P
c for the phase transition increases from ∼8GPa for X=Br to ∼17GPa for X=Cl, perhaps due to the enhanced displacement of halogen ions from the central position.
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Shin-Ichi Ikeda, Naoki Shirakawa, Hiroshi Bando, Youiti Ootuka
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3162-3165
Published: 2000
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We present the first systematic study on polycrystalline Sr
2MoO
4 as an electronic analogue to the spin-triplet superconductor Sr
2RuO
4. The Pauli paramagnetic susceptibility and metallic behaviors of specific heat and electrical resistivity have been observed. The density of states at the Fermi level D(E
F) deduced from the results is about three times smaller than that of Sr
2RuO
4. Any indication of superconductivity intrinsic to Sr
2MoO
4 has not been observed down to 25mK, which may correspond to the smaller D(E
F). We discuss the origin of the difference in electronic states between Sr
2MoO
4 and Sr
2RuO
4.
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Shigeki Miyasaka, Hidenori Takagi, Yoshiaki Sekine, Hiroki Takahashi, ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3166-3169
Published: 2000
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The bandwidth-controlled metal-insulator (MI) transition in pyrite-type NiS
2-xSe
x has been investigated. The results indicate that the approach to the MI transition from the metallic side is profoundly affected by the presence of the antiferromagnetic metal (AFM) phase (0.4<x<1.0) immediately next to the MI phase boundary. In the paramagnetic metal (PM) phase (1.0<x≤2.0), the approach is simply characterized by mass enhancement. In the AFM phase, however, the approach is driven by a marked decrease in the carrier density on approaching the insulating phase.
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Yositake Takane, Yoshimasa Isawa
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3170-3173
Published: 2000
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We study the influence of thermal excitation of a domain wall (DW) on resistivity in thin wires of disordered ferromagnetic metals. The negative correction for local conductivity
δσ due to the DW excitation is calculated by assuming that the elastic mean free time of spin-up electrons τ
+ differs from that of spin-down electrons τ
-. When
kBT >> hω0 (
ω0: attempt frequency of the DW), we obtain the correction arising inside the DW region as
δσ/
σ0 =
-cT/
Epin, where
c ≈(τ
+ - τ
-)
2/(6 τ
+ τ
-),
σ0 and
Epin denote Drude conductivity and the pinning energy for the DW, respectively. A magnetic field
H parallel to the wire reduces
Epin and thereby enhances the negative correction. When H is close to the coercive field
Hc, we find that
δσ(
H)/
σ0 ∝ -(1-
H/Hc)
-1/2 as long as the DW is trapped at the pinning site.
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Hiroshi Akera
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3174-3177
Published: 2000
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Microscopic processes giving the energy gain and loss of a two-dimensional electron system in long-range potential fluctuations are studied theoretically at the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect in the case of even-integer filling factors. The Coulomb scattering within a broadened Landau level is proposed to give the gain, while the phonon scattering to give the loss. The energy balance equation shows that the electron temperature T
e and the diagonal conductivity σ
xx exhibit a bistability above the lower critical electric field E
c1. Calculated values of E
c1 as well as T
e and σ
xx at E
c1 are in agreement with the observed values in their orders of magnitude.
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Norio Kumada, Anju Sawada, Zyun F. Ezawa, Satoshi Nagahama, Hirofumi A ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3178-3181
Published: 2000
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Skyrmion excitations were measured and compared for the first time in the bilayer quantum Hall (QH) state at the Landau-level filling factor ν =2 and in the monolayer QH state at ν =1. The observed number of flipped spins, N
spin, is 14 in the bilayer sample with a large tunnelling gap, and N
spin=7 in the bilayer sample with a small tunnelling gap, while it is N
spin=7 in the monolayer sample. The difference is interpreted to be due to the interlayer exchange interaction.
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Shinji Wada, Tomoyuki Matsuo, Shohei Takata, Ichimin Shirotani, Chihir ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3182-3185
Published: 2000
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95Mo,
61Ni and
31P nuclear magnetic resonance observations in a ternary molybdenum phosphide MoNiP with Fe
2P-type structure have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of superconductivity (
TC ≅ 8.5 K,
HC2 ≅ 7.4 kOe) that appears only when it is synthesized at high pressures. A large negative Knight shift of
95Mo in the superconducting MoNiP, K = -0.155%, is indicative of a dominant d spin core-polarization interaction. The
95Mo spin-lattice relaxation rate, (
T1T)
-1 = 0.15 (sK)
-1, gives a large density of states at the Fermi level,
N(
EF) ∼ 1.17 states/eV. A positive Knight shift of
61Ni, K = 0.29%, on the other hand, is dominated by the Van Vleck orbital interaction. Thus it is concluded that N(E
F) consists mainly of a narrow Mo 4d band. In a non-superconducting MoNiP synthesized at an ambient pressure, K and (
T1T)
-1 of
95Mo increase to -0.202% and to 0.19 (sK)
-1, respectively, indicating that the decrease in N(E
F) by ∼ 10% induces the superconductivity, contrary to the prediction of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory. In MoNiP, strong electron correlations in the narrow d band of Mo are thought to be antagonistic to the electron-phonon coupling, V
C ∼ V
ph, and the synthesis at high pressures provides an additional screening of the Coulomb potential, which leads to the condition of
Vph >
VC.
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Masakazu Nishi, Hironori Nakao, Yasuhiko Fujii, Takatsugu Masuda, Kuni ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3186-3188
Published: 2000
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Cu
1-xMg
xGeO
3 undergoes a first-order phase transition at a critical concentration x
c between an antiferromagnetic (AF) state on dimerized lattice (D-AF) and an AF Néel state on undistorted uniform lattice (U-AF). Previous magnetic susceptibility measurements showed x
c = 0.023 while a recent neutron scattering study reported x
c = 0.027 ± 0.001. The present critical scattering due to antiferromagnetic fluctuations near the superlattice reflection (0, 1, 1/2) unambiguously determines x
c = 0.028 ± 0.001 at T
N = 3.4 ∼ 4K. Also, at T = 1.3K, the phase boundary was determined to be x
c = 0.028 ± 0.001 by observation of a jump of an effective magnetic moment across x
c.
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Ryosuke Kadono, Wataru Higemoto, Akihiro Koda, Kazuyuki Kakuta, Kazuki ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3189-3192
Published: 2000
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The fluctuation rate of Ce-4f moments in the paramagnetic phase of CeB
6 near zero field was determined by longitudinal muon spin relaxation. The rate scales perfectly with resistivity in the entire paramagnetic phase, indicating that the fluctuation is predominantly determined by the Kondo effect. The absence of magnetic order in the presumed antiferro-quadrupolar (AFQ) phase was also confirmed, while no evidence for coupling between the AFQ order parameter and electric field gradient at the B site was found near zero field by the muon nuclear level-crossing resonance technique.
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Kinji Kimura, Ryogo Hirota
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3193-3199
Published: 2000
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The Euler-Poisson equations describing the motion of the Lagrange top are discretized by using the bilinear transformation method. The discrete equations are explicit and exhibit a sufficient number of conserved quantities for integrability.
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P. Sollich, Hidetoshi Nishimori, A. C. C. Coolen, A. J. van der Sijs
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3200-3213
Published: 2000
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We have solved the quantum version of the Mattis model with infinite-range interactions. A variational approach gives the exact solution for the infinite-range system, in spite of the non-commutative nature of the quantum spin components; this implies that quantum effects are not predominant in determining the macroscopic properties of the system. Nevertheless, the model has a surprisingly rich phase behaviour, exhibiting phase diagrams with tricritical, three-phase and critical end points.
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Naoko Nakagawa, Kunihiko Kaneko, Teruhisa S. Komatsu
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3214-3222
Published: 2000
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We study relaxational behavior from a highly excited state for a composite system in partial contact with a heat bath, motivated by an experimental report of long-term energy storage in protein molecules. The system consists of two coupled elements: The first element is in direct contact with a heat bath, while the second element interacts only with the first element. Due to this indirect contact with the heat bath, energy injected into the second element dissipates very slowly, according to a power law, whereas that injected into the first one exhibits exponential dissipation. The relaxation equation describing this dissipation is obtained analytically for both the underdamped and overdamped limits. Numerical confirmation is given for both cases.
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Faqir M. Bhatti
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3223-3227
Published: 2000
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We use the `Extended Perimeter Method', to calculate the low density series in powers of p (where p is the probability) for the resistive and conductive susceptibilities. In the case of directed problem, the numerical analysis of the series based on the Pade' approximants techniques give the estimates of the critical exponents γ
C=0.87± 0.03 in two dimensions and γ
C=0.48± 0.02 in three dimensions for the first time. For undirected problem, we obtain only the series for resistive and conductive susceptibilities in three dimensions. On the basis of our analysis using non-defective approximants we estimate γ
R=2.83± 0.25, and γ
C=0.63± 0.07. We also remove the discrepancy in the 8th term of the series for χ
C(p) obtained by Fisch and Harris in 1978. We conclude that the 8th term is wrong due to a single error in the formula which was used in all dimensions.
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Nobuyuki Nakamura, Daiji Kato, Nozomu Miura, Shunsuke Ohtani
Article type: Atoms and Molecules
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3228-3232
Published: 2000
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Relative collision strengths have been measured for electron-impact excitation to (2p
1/2-13s)
J=1 and (2p
3/2-13d
5/2)
J=1 in neonlike barium, whose wave functions are strongly mixed with each other. An experimental method has been developed for the collision strength measurement from X-ray observations by using the Tokyo electron beam ion trap. X-ray transitions from these excited states were observed with a flat crystal spectrometer. The electron energy was adjusted to 5.02 keV which is just above the threshold, and the electron energy width was narrowed to 16±8 eV by reducing the electron beam current. This allowed us to exclude indirect excitation followed by radiative cascades. The experimental collision strength ratio was found to be larger than the distorted-wave calculation by [Zhang and Sampson: At. Data Nucl. Data Tables
43 (1989) 1]. This discrepancy is probably attributed to the contribution of resonant excitation.
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Takeshi Miyazaki, Masahiro Shimada, Naoya Takahashi
Article type: Classical Phenomenology and Applications
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3233-3243
Published: 2000
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A wire-vortex model is developed in order to investigate the dynamics of vortex interactions in a quasigeostrophic turbulence. Each coherent vortex is modeled by a straight wire of finite length. A tilted wire-vortex rotates around the vertical axis steadily by its self-induction in an otherwise quiescent fluid, whereas its inclination angle changes if it is embedded in a local strain field induced by other vortices. The dynamics of wire-vortices are shown to be a Hamiltonian system of finite degree of freedom extracted from the partial differential equations that describe quasigeostrophic vortex dynamics. The center of vorticity and the angular momentum are conserved, besides the total energy and Casimirs of the system, such as the vortex height and the vortex volume. Chaotic motions are observed even in a two-body system.
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Isao Katanuma, Yoshinori Tatematsu, Kameo Ishii, Teruo Tamano, Kiyoshi ...
Article type: Fluids, Plasmas, and Electric Discharges
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3244-3252
Published: 2000
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The eigen-function and stability boundary of the ideal ballooning modes with various axial plasma pressure profiles and boundary conditions at the end-plates are investigated in the magnetic configuration of the GAMMA10 tandem mirror.
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Sanae-I. Itoh, Kimitaka Itoh
Article type: Fluids, Plasmas, and Electric Discharges
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3253-3265
Published: 2000
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A statistical theory of strong plasma turbulence in nonlinear-nonequilibrium state is extended. By use of the spectral decomposition method, the renormalized propagator is decomposed into the projection operators. The decomposition of fluctuation fields into the least stable branch and other branches is explicitly made. The extended fluctuation dissipation theorem is derived for each decomposed renormalized mode. The decorrelation rate, eddy damping rate, fluctuation level and correlation functions are obtained even in the case that the cross-correlation functions and auto-correlation functions are of the same order of magnitude. The Fokker-Planck equation is reformulated for fluctuation components of each branch. These results are generalization of the previous result. It is confirmed that the solutions, probability distribution function and related transition probability which have been obtained in previous analyses are found valid apart from a numerical coefficient of the order of unity. In order to show the wider applicability, a case of plasma turbulence which is described by the four-field reduced set of equations is also discussed.
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Eiji Takahashi, Hiroshi Honda, Eisuke Miura, Noboru Yugami, Yasushi Ni ...
Article type: Fluids, Plasmas, and Electric Discharges
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3266-3275
Published: 2000
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The laser wakefiled (LWF) and the relativistic and charge-displacement self-channeling in the comparatively low density plasma were studied. The dynamics of the electron plasma wave (EPW) in LWF was experimentally observed at the electron density of ∼ 10
16cm
-3. The two dimensional instantaneous image of EPW was also obtained. The asymmetric 2D image was explained by the modified liner theory. These experimental results suggest that the intensity of ∼ 10
18W/cm
2 was achieved in the low density static gas target. This means the possibility of not only the coherent control of EPW, but also the long relativistic and charge-displacement self-channeling with the low density static gas. For the self-channeling, the simple model tells us that the long channel without defocusing could be possible with a tens of TW, ps glass laser system.
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Hisashi Mitani
Article type: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3276-3286
Published: 2000
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In one-dimensional Discommensuration (DC) structure of an atomic array on a periodic substrate potential in the case of commensurate relations, the DC structure is interpreted from two points of view: (i) a DC structure generally consists of a hierarchical superposition of several simple DC structures with different wave lengths. These simple DC structures correspond to ``the continued fraction'' of the structural parameter. (ii) a DC structure is generally composed of simple DC structures; this composition is called ``concatenation''. In this paper, we study these concepts on two dimensional systems. In particular, we find that a concatenation in two dimensional systems which changes a structure, corresponds to changing of a terminal partial quotient of the two dimensional continued fraction of a structural parameter. Structures generated by the concatenations coincide with a line of a succeeding phase transition on real structures.
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Ryoichi Suetoshi, Shuichi Doi, Isao Takahashi, Kikuo Ohi
Article type: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3287-3290
Published: 2000
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We have investigated the surface structure of a ferroelectric substance Sr
2Nb
2O
7 in air after cleaving the (010) surface. For this purpose, we examined X-ray crystal truncation rod (CTR) scattering and X-ray reflectivity (XR) at several different temperatures, which yielded the cleaved position unambiguously. After a thermal annealing in air, the cleaved surface were found to be flat on an atomic level, and showed a distinct relaxation where the top Sr cations are pulled to the bulk. Although the strong contraction was indicated, the probability of finding the Sr atom on the Sr-site at the surface was less than 40%. Such an unexpected low Sr-residuary can be accounted for by a condition of the charge-neutralization at the polar (010) surface.
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Takahiro Koishi, Shun'i Kawase, Shigeru Tamaki, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki
Article type: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3291-3296
Published: 2000
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We have carried out the molecular dynamics simulation for molten Li
2CO
3-K
2CO
3 mixtures. The structural feature was revealed from the obtained radial distribution function and angular distribution function. The dynamic properties such as diffusion constant and the electrical conductivity were also derived. The nonequilibrium molecular dynamics was performed to calculate the electrical conductivity. The relation of the concentration dependence of dynamical properties and structural change was discussed.
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Riki Kawashima, Michio Sasaki, Shoichi Satoh, Hiroshi Isoda, Yukihiro ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3297-3303
Published: 2000
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The crystal structures of samarium nitrate Sm(NO
3)
36H
2O at temperatures 297, 253 and 193 K± 1 K were investigated by single crystal X ray diffraction technique. The crystal symmetry at the temperatures was triclinic with space group P1. The structures were solved by using Fourier techniques. The full matrix least-squares refinement for the structure at 297 K led to the residual factors R=0.016 and R
w=0.026 for 213 variables and 5078 observed independent reflections. The structures at 253 K and 193 K were solved by using the same methods. The influence of the metastable phenomena on the structures was examined in detail.
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Yoshiyuki Saito, Minoru Honjo, Tetsuji Konishi, Akihiko Kitada
Article type: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3304-3307
Published: 2000
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This paper deals with a method of describing the asymptotic behaviour of the Fokker-Planck equation. The nucleation rate, J(t), approaches a steady state as J(t)=J
s[1-exp (-t/t
lag)] with 1/(6.3 a(l
c) Z
2) ≥ t
lag ≥ 1/(12.0 a(l
c) Z
2), where J
s is the steady state nucleation rate, Z is the Zeldvitch factor and a(l
c) the rate at which monomers are absorbed by a cluster with critical size l
c. This result agrees with the numerical calculation by Kanne-Dannetschek and Stauffe and the prevoius theory.
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Masakatsu Misawa, Katsumi Yoshida
Article type: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3308-3314
Published: 2000
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Temperature dependent Kirkwood-Buff parameters G
pp, G
ww and G
pw have been evaluated for the 1-propanol-water solution (1:5 in mole ratio) from S
cc(0) obtained by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. Structural model for the concentration fluctuation for the solution at 25°C has been constructed based on the value of G
pp. Characteristic feature of the SANS intensity and fractal nature of the concentration fluctuation can be explained qualitatively by the model structure. The volume fraction w of propanol-rich regions in the solution has been estimated as a function of temperature. Salt-induced phase separation phenomena observed on the current solution is discussed based on the temperature-dependent percolation theory.
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Yoshihiko Hara, Takashi Odagaki
Article type: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3315-3319
Published: 2000
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The diffusion property of a soft percolation process in three dimensions is studied. The jump rate w of a random walker between two sites distributed randomly in space is assumed to fall off with the distance r as w ∼ [1-(r/r
0)]
α, where r
0 is a cutoff length. The diffusion exponent d
w is determined by a new computational approach using the exact expression for mean-square displacement, < r
2(t) >, of a random walker on a single percolation cluster. The diffusion exponent d
w is shown to depend on α, deviating gradually from the value for α=0.
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Fumitarou Ootomo, Yoshiyuki Ono
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3320-3327
Published: 2000
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The properties of an acoustic polaron are numerically studied for an electron-lattice system with a ladder-type structure where an electron transfer between two chains is allowed. Su-Schrieffer-Heeger's (SSH) model extended to the ladder system is used on the assumption that the periodic boundary condition in the chain direction is satisfied. When the interchain electronic transfer integral t
x0 is comparable with the intrachain one t
y0, the lattice deformation related to the polaron is small compared to the case of one-dimensional systems because the electronic density profile is distributed equally in the two chains, and as a result the effective mass becomes lighter than the single chain case. On the other hand, when t
x0 is much smaller than t
y0, the polaron is localized in one of the two chains instead of being distributed with a homogeneous weight to the two chains. This transition from the homogeneous to an inhomogeneous state is found to occur suddenly at a certain value of t
x0 as we decrease it, where the critical value of t
x0 depends on the electron-lattice coupling constant. Analysis of energetics indicates that this is a discontinuous transition similar to the first-order type phase transition. Dynamical simulation where the polaron is accelerated by an electric field shows that the homogeneous-inhomogeneous transition can occur when the velocity of the polaron increases and the polaron width in the chain direction decreases.
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Atsushi Takahashi, Hiroyuki Shiba
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3328-3333
Published: 2000
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The instabilities toward orbital ordering are studied for a model of metallic double-exchange ferromagnets. In contrast to previous studies a possibility of octupole ordering is also considered in addition to ordinary orbital ordering (corresponding to quadrupole ordering). The present theory, which is based on the simplest RPA and mean-field approach, is a natural extension of Penn's work for the single-band Hubbard model to the problem of orbital ordering. Various orbital orderings have been examined by changing the filling in the doubly degenerate bands and considering several representative ordering wave-vectors and order parameters. Thereby the phase diagram has been constructed. It has turned out that a staggered octupole ordering is possible in the intermediate range of electron density and strong Coulomb interaction.
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Yasushi Ishii, Teruhisa Takanaga
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3334-3341
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2001
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Electronic structures and dynamics in liquid alloy Sn
xPb
100-x near the eutectic point (x=73.9) are studied in the first-principles molecular dynamics. Position of the first peak in the calculated partial radial distribution function agrees with the experimental one for pure liquid metals while its height and shape suggest more disordered local structures. No appreciable segregation of particular elements is observed. The electronic structure is essentially metallic with separated s- and p-bands, which are characteristic in heavy group-IV elements with strong relativistic effects on the valence electrons. Bond charge indicative of the covalent nature of the electronic states is found in a snapshot of the valence charge density but a life time of such bonding is at most several tenths of psec, which is of the order of magnitude of the atomic vibrations.
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Atsushi Tsuruta, Akito Kobayashi, Tamifusa Matsuura, Yoshihiro Kuroda
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3342-3355
Published: 2000
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We investigate electronic states in M-channel Anderson lattice model using expansion from the limit of large spin-orbital degeneracy N (1/N-expansion). Inclusion of the self-energy in O(N
0) leads to heavy electrons with degeneracy of channel and spin-orbit. Then we include higher order terms in power of 1/N. What we find are: in the single channel case, we show that the imaginary part of the self-energy of conduction electrons is given by a form proportional to ω
2+≤ft(π T)
2 which is due to the intersite correlation effects. In the multichannel case, we find a T-linear term in the imaginary part of the self-energy at the Fermi level, in contrast to a T
2-term in the Fermi liquid or a constant term in the non-Fermi liquid found in infinite dimensions. The disappearance of the imaginary part at T=0 is due to the intersite correlation effects that reflect the translational invariance. The results are compared with those obtained in infinite dimensions. The Luttinger sum rule is proved to hold.
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Chang-Ren Wang, Tzung-I Su, Shui-Tien Lin
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3356-3359
Published: 2000
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We have found that near the metal-insulator transition of Al
70Pd
22.5Re
7.5 quasicrystal, the conductivity σ(T) obeys σ(T)=σ(0)+mT
1/3 between 1.5 K and ∼10 K on both sides of the metal-insulator transition, as found in disorder systems. This indicates that the conductivity near the metal-insulator transition of the Al–Pd–Re quasicrystals is mainly controlled by electron-electron interactions. The quantum interference theory is found to be able to interpret the conductivity of the samples in the scaling region up to 30 K. The inelastic scattering which causes the phase breaking at low temperature is chiefly due to the electron-electron scattering with the relaxation time τ
ie∼ 10
-11T
-α sec (α∼ 1.0).
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Ru-Wen Peng, Mu Wang, Guo-Jun Jin, Yu Li, An Hu, Shu-Sheng Jiang
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3360-3365
Published: 2000
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The quantum transport in Thue-Morse (TM) stub waveguides has been studied by using a transfer matrix method. It is demonstrated that the transmission coefficient and the energy spectrum have a rich structure dependent of the wave vector of electron and the number of the stubs. And the multifractal analysis presents that the electronic transport possesses scaling properties, hence shows a genuine multifractality.
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Hidesuke Maruyama, Jun Ma, Katsuhiro Nakamura
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3366-3370
Published: 2000
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The quantum interference effect in ballistic antidot lattices under a very weak magnetic field is investigated. The area distribution of coherent backscattering orbits obeys the many-peaked structure with each peak located at multiples of the unit-cell area, and can be explained in terms of the length distribution. Using the area distribution in a semiclassical description of Kubo formula, we derive expressions for both h/2e oscillation and negative magneto-resistivity caused by the interference between a time-reversal pair of coherent backscattering orbits. The flux dependence of the oscillation part in the quantum correction, which qualitatively differs from the one for a single Sinai billiard, is responsible for trapping and jumping motions in the underlying classical dynamics.
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V. P. Mineev
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3371-3377
Published: 2000
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The theoretical statements about a restoration of a superconductivity at magnetic fields higher than the quasiclassical upper critical field and a reentrance of superconductivity at temperatures T
c(H)≈ T
c(0) in the superconductors with open Fermi surfaces are reinvestigated taking into account a scattering of quasiparticles on the impurities. The system of integral equations for determination of the upper critical field parallel to the conducting planes in a layered conventional and unconventional superconductors with impurities are derived. The H
c2(T) values for the ``clean'' case in the Ginzburg-Landau regime and at any temperature in the ``dirty'' case are found analytically. The upper limit of the superconductor purity when the upper critical field definately has a finite value is established.
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Yusuke Kato
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3378-3386
Published: 2000
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We study impurity effects in vortex core of two-dimensional moderately clean superconductors within the quasiclassical theory. The impurity scattering rate Γ(E) of the Andreev bound states in vortex core with +1 vorticity of p-wave superconductors with d=z(p
x+ip
y) is suppressed, compared to the normal state scattering rate Γ
n in the energy region Γ
n3/E
δ2 << E << E
δ≡ |δ
0|Δ
∞ with scattering phase shift δ
0 (|δ
0| << 1) and the pair-potential in bulk Δ
∞. Further we find that Γ(E)/Γ
n for p-wave superconductors with d=z(p
x-ip
y) is at most O(E/Δ
∞). These results are in marked contrast to the even-parity case (s,d-wave), where Γ(E)/Γ
n is known to be proportional to ln(Δ
∞/E). Parity- and chirality-dependences of impurity effects are attributed to the Andreev reflections involved in the impurity-induced scattering between bound states. Implications for the flux flow conductivity is also discussed. Novel enhancement of flux flow conductivity is expected to occur at T << E
δ for d=z(p
x+ip
y) and at T << Δ
∞ for d=z(p
x-ip
y).
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Aiman Al- Omari
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3387-3396
Published: 2000
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Dimerization of a spin-half Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice is investigated for several possible dimerized configurations, some of which are shown to have lower ground state energies than the others. In particular, the lattice deformations resulting in alternate stronger and weaker couplings along both the principal axes of a square lattice are shown to result in a larger gain in magnetic energy. In addition, a `columnar' configuration is shown to have a lower ground state energy and a faster increase in the energy gap parameter than a `staggered' configuration. The inclusion of unexpanded exchange coupling leads to a power law behavior for the magnetic energy gain and energy gap, which is qualitatively different from that reported earlier. Instead of increasing as δ
x, the two quantities depend on δ as δ
ν/|ln δ |. This is true both in the near critical regime (0≤ δ ≤ 0.1) as well as in the far regime (0≤ δ <1). It is suggested that the unexpanded exchange coupling is as much a source of the logarithmic dependence as a correction due to the contribution of umklapp processes. Staggered magnetization is shown to follow the same δ-dependence in all the configurations in the small δ-regime, while for 0≤ δ <1, it follows the power law δ
x.
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Hideji Yamada, Kiyosi Terao, Hisashi Shimizu, Dai Katagiri, Seiji Taka ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3397-3400
Published: 2000
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Electronic structures of Y
2Co
3Mn and Y
2Co
2Mn
2 with cubic Laves phase structure are calculated by a self-consistent linear muffin-tin orbital method within the atomic sphere approximation, by assuming ordered structures. It is shown by the numerical calculations that both solutions of the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states exist in Y
2Co
2Mn
2, while only the ferromagnetic solution is obtained in Y
2Co
3Mn. The total energy for Y
2Co
2Mn
2 in the antiferromagnetic state is a little lower than that in the ferromagnetic state. These results are consistent with the observed concentration dependence of the bulk magnetic moment in Y(Co,Mn)
2 and also with the observed results for Gd(Co,Mn)
2. Moreover, the theoretical lattice constant for Y
2Co
2Mn
2 in the antiferromagnetic state is considerably larger than that in the paramagnetic state, which suggests the possibility of antiferromagnetic Invar effect.
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Kenji Ohoyama, Hiroki Yamauchi, Aya Tobo, Hideya Onodera, Hiroaki Kado ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3401-3407
Published: 2000
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We determined the magnetic structures of the antiferroquadrupolar (AFQ) ordering material with a tetragonal crystal structure, Ho
11B
2C
2, by neutron diffraction technique. The ground state of Ho
11B
2C
2 below T
Q shows a characteristic magnetic structure due to competitive coexistence of AFQ and antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions, which is basically the same as that of the other tetragonal AFQ material DyB
2C
2. An angle of 70° between adjacent magnetic moments along [0 0 1] indicates that the main component of magnetic couplings along [0 0 1] in the ground state is ferromagnetic one, which is strongly affected by AFQ interactions. The existence of the intermediate magnetic ordered phase, phase IV, above T
Q indicates that the AFQ ordering in HoB
2C
2 at T
Q is a rare case which is realised in a magnetic ordered state. The magnetic structure in phase IV is a long period one caused by a short range magnetic ordering with a characteristic energy of about 9 K which is higher than T
N. The suppressed magnetic entropy at T
N is, therefore, attributed to the short range magnetic ordering.
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Akinori Irizawa, Kazuyoshi Yoshimura, Koji Kosuge
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3408-3413
Published: 2000
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The magnetic and electrical properties are reported in the new solid solutions BaCo
1-xCu
xS
2 and BaNi
1-xFe
xS
2. Both compounds show spin-glass-like behavior, although the type of spin frustrations is different with each other. BaCo
1-xCu
xS
2 shows a competition type spin-glass behavior with reentrant phenomenon from antiferromagnetic to spin-glass at low temperatures. BaNi
1-xFe
xS
2 shows a dilute type spin-glass behavior together with super-paramagnetic properties. The temperature variation of
57Fe Mössbauer spectra in BaNi
0.8Fe
0.2S
2 is explicable in a framework of cluster-glass.
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Wei Chen, Kazuo Hida, B. C. Sanctuary
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3414-3418
Published: 2000
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The plateau-non-plateau transition in the antiferromagnetic-(ferromagnetic)
n polymerized S=1/2 XXZ chains under the magnetic field is investigated. The universality class of this transition belongs to the Brezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type. The critical points are determined by level spectroscopy analysis of the numerical diagonalization data for 4 ≤ p ≤ 13 where p(≡ n+1) is the size of a unit cell. It is found that the critical strength of ferromagnetic coupling decreases with p for small p but increases for large enough p. It is also found that the plateau for large p is wide enough for moderate values of exchange coupling so that it should be easily observed experimentally. This is in contrast to the plateaus for p = 3 chains which are narrow for a wide range of exchange coupling even away from the critical point.
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Mamoru Usami, Sei-ichiro Suga
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3419-3424
Published: 2000
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The dynamical structure factor of the S=1/2 bond-alternating spin chain with a next-nearest-neighbor interaction in magnetic field is investigated using the continued fraction method based on the Lanczos algorithm. When the plateau exists on the magnetization curve, the longitudinal dynamical structure factor shows a large intensity with a periodic dispersion relation, while the transverse one shows a large intensity with an almost dispersionless mode. The periodicity and the amplitude of the dispersion relation in the longitudinal dynamical structure factor are sensitive to the coupling constants. The dynamical structure factor of the S=1/2 two-leg ladder in magnetic field is also calculated in the strong interchain-coupling regime. The dynamical structure factor shows gapless or gapful behavior depending on the wave vector along the rung.
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Keiichi Koyama, Makoto Yoshida, Takuo Sakon, Dexin Li, Takashi Suzuki, ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3425-3428
Published: 2000
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Cyclotron resonance measurements on a single crystal of GdAs have been performed in the temperature range from 4.2 to 0.5K to obtain the cyclotron effective mass of the carriers at the Fermi level. The cyclotron effective masses varies from 0.45m
0 to 0.48m
0 depending on magnetic filed direction, which is about two times larger than the masses estimated by dHvA effect.
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Ming-Fa Lin
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3429-3434
Published: 2000
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Carbon toroids could exhibit rich inter-π-state and intra-π-state excitations at finite temperature. The low-frequency electronic excitations are characterized by the longitudinal angular momentum (L), mainly owing to the cylindrical symmetry. The L-decoupled plasmons strongly depend on temperature, toroid geometry, and intertoroid Coulomb coupling. Temperature could make the inter-π-state plasmons change into the intra-π-state plasmons, or directly induce the intra-π-state plasmons. It is very novel that temperature does not affect excitation spectra of armchair carbon toroids, such as plasmon peak and plasmon frequency. There are certain important differences between armchair and nonarmchair carbon toroids. Intertoroid Coulomb interactions for coaxial carbon toroids have been included. They significantly enhance plasmon peak and plasmon frequency. The low-frequency plasmons in a carbon toroid quite differ from the purely temperature-induced plasmons in a graphite sheet.
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Shinzou Kubota, Fumio Shiraishi, Yasukiyo Takami
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3435-3440
Published: 2000
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The scintillation efficiency of NaI(Tl) crystals, containing Tl concentration of 0.01, 0.07 and 0.22mole%, has been measured under electron, alpha particle and fission fragment excitations. The purpose of this program was to provide a critical test of previously proposed models of the scintillation process in activated alkali halides. It is found that the shape of the scintillation efficiency versus dE/ dx for the three different Tl concentrations is
dependent on Tl concentration. The measured scintillation efficiency is compared with the scintillation models for thallium-activated alkali halides proposed by Birks, and Murray and Meyer.
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Ken-ichi Hino
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3441-3450
Published: 2000
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Details of interference patterns of Fano-spectral-profiles for a quasi-two-dimensional exciton in quantum wells are examined. Oscillator strengths are calculated by solving the multi-channel scattering problem under incoming scattering-wave boundary conditions by use of the R-matrix method. The R-matrix basis set resorts to the three-channel Landau-Zener wavefunctions. It is shown that the Coulomb coupling and the hole-subband mixing give rise to different interference patterns and the spectral profile results from a superposition between the two distinct shapes. A prominent asymmetric profile having a peak-and-dip structure is responsible for the former coupling, whereas the latter one causes a symmetric profile and blurs the asymmetry as the hole-subband mixing is stronger.
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Shin-ichi Kimura, Fumitaka Arai, Mikihiko Ikezawa
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3451-3457
Published: 2000
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Reflectivity spectra of nine rare-earth sesquioxide (
R2O
3;
R = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) single crystals have been measured in the photon energy range from 0.5 to 50 eV at 300 K. The fundamental optical absorption has been clarified in connection with the electronic structure of
R2O
3. The absorption due to an intra-atomic optical transition of R 4f → R 5d6s was observed in the same energy region as the charge transfer excitation of {O} 2p → R 5d6s in the energy range of 6–15 eV. The absorption structure of the R 4f → R 5d6s transition and the R 5p → R 5d6s transition are explained by using the crystal field splitting of the 5d band and the multiplet structure of the 4f
n-1 final state in photoemission process. Fine structures due to the absorption of the R 4f → {O} 3s transition in the energy region of the {O} 2p → {O} 3s absorption were observed and also can be explained by the 4f
n-1 final state.
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G. Mohs, S. Dhanjal, Tomofumi Kise, Masayuki Shirane, Ryo Shimano, Yu. ...
Article type: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2000 Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages
3458-3461
Published: 2000
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Optical response nonlocality in cubic ZnSe in the proximity of an excitonic absorption resonance leads to a gigantic optical anisotropy (δ n/n ≈ 0.1). The anisotropy cause a polarization azimuth rotation, in scale of several degrees, for the light reflected from the [110] crystal facet. The anisotropy is described by quadratic, in respect to the light wave vector terms in the dielectric tensor of the crystal. It results from the, spin-orbit interaction induced, electron-wave vector linear terms in the exciton dispersion, bound to non-centrosymmetricity of the crystalline structure.
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