Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
Volume 7, Issue 2
Displaying 1-30 of 30 articles from this issue
  • Norio Ryu
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 125-130
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The double scattering experiment has been repeated to find out the evidence by polarization expected by theories. The scatterers used were gold foils of about 5×10−6 cm in thickness and the energy of the electrons ranged from 60 to 130 kev. The experiments were carried out on the scattering through angles of 105° and 120° at the first and the second foil. At 120 kev the values of −200 δ2 are 14.7±1.7 and 16.9±2.0, respectively, which are smaller than the half of the theoretical values predicted by Mohr at 121 kev. The results at 120° are somewhat larger than those at 105°, but the mean errors in counting are too large to be compared precisely. The azimuthal dependency of the polarization effect agrees with the theory qualitatively.
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  • Norio Ryu
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 130-135
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The polarization of electrons were investigated erperimentally by double scattering where the scattering angles at the polarizer and the analyzer are different. The results obtained (−200 δ1δ2) are 14.1±1.8, 17.0±3.0, 15.7±2.1 and 20.4±2.8 at 120 kev at angles of 105°–120°, 105°–135°, 120°–105° and 120°–135°, and are smaller than a half of Mohr’s theory. The large differences between the evidences at angles of 90°, 105°, 120° and 135°, shown in Mohr’s paper, could not be obtained. The plural scattering, which is the combination of rather large angle deflections at same foil, plays an important role in this experiments, but it is difficult only by this cause to explain the discrepancy between the experiments and the theory. But the evidences by polarization increase with scattering angles, and this tendency agrees with Mohr’s theory.
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  • Shotaro Yamabe, Jyumpei Sanada
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 136-139
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Backward scattering cross sections of 3.1 Mev neutrons scattered by C, O, Fe, Cu and Pb were obtained at angles between 130° and 160° in the laboratory system, assuming that the scattering were entirely elastic. Detector used was a methane filled ionization chamber connected to electrometer. For C and Pb, differential cross sections are rising at large scattering angle, but there are no deviation from flat distribution for other elements. In the case of C it seems to be reasonable to assume that the scattering is entirely elastic, and together with our previous results about the forward distribution whole angular distribution in the centre of mass system can be represented as following
    σ(θ)=(6.8+6.0cosθ+23cos2θ)×10−26 cm2.
    But in the case of Pb this backward rising cannot be ascribed to the elastic scattering only because there may be some contribution from the inelastically scattered neutrons for which our detector has a different efficiency.
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  • Shotaro Yamabe, Masao Nozawa, Jumpei Sanada
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 140-143
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Relative cross sections of Agr107, Cu63 and Al27 for radiative capture of neutrons were determined at energies from 2.3 Mev to 3.1 Mev by the method of observing the induced activity. For Ag107 and Cu63, capture cross sections decreased almost as 1⁄E, where E is the energy of neutrons. For Al27, deviation from monotonous decrease was found. This seemed to be caused by the resonance effects, which .had been observed in the measurements of the total cross section for Al. Cross section of (n, p) reaction for Al27 was estimated at 3 Mev and was found to be about the same order of magnitude as that of (n, γ) reaction.
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  • (Miscellaneous Notes and Correction of the Previous Paper)
    Naruo Taketa, Toyoki Koga
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 143-145
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    In the previous paper of Koga of the same title its the present, the results are more or less different from those of Enskog and Chapman. At first sight, it seemed that the treatment of Enskog and Chapman might not be correct for lacking of interpretation of the physical meanings. But later we arrived at the conclusion: Enskog-Chapman’s solution is correct formally, and further we can show that the variables adopted by them are of the same physical meanings as those in Koga’s treatment. Although we cannot yet mention any mistake positively in Koga’s results, yet some lacks necessary of verifications are found on Koga’s side.
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  • Takehiko Oguchi, Yutaka Takagi
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 145-152
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The rotational phase transition is discussed along the line of Kikuchi’s method for order-disorder transformation in binary alloys. The potential energy for a pair of neighbouring molecules are −J⁄2cos(i,j), where (i,j) is the angle between neighbouring molecular axes and J is the constant. The transition point J⁄2kTc, that is a branching point of the integral equation, is 1.150 in the case of two-dimensional square lattice. This value is the lowest compared with those obtained by other theories. The discontinuity of the specific heat at the transition point is calculated, though some assumption has to be made to avoid the complexity of the calculation. The transition point does not vary even when an anisotropic potential is introduced.
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  • Tetsuya Arizumi, Seiichi Kotani
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 152-158
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    The absorption Properties of flashed barium getters below 0°C were studied in c.f and c.v- methods. The getter absorbed a comparatively large amount of carbon mono-oxide even at −185°C, not so much differing from that at 0°C, indicating. that the absorption is not a simple physical adsorption. The pressure changes in the c.v. method are represented by
    \fracdpdt=−αp(abp) and \fracdpdt=−βp
    respectively for lower and higher temperature ranges. Raising the temperature of the getter mirror stepwisely, from −180°C, the absorbed gas was desorbed at first, but it began to be absorbed again by the getter. For comparison, the absorption properties of Cu–CO system was also studied.
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  • Tetsuya Arizumi, Seiichi Kotani
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 158-163
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The simple theory of physical adsorption was found to hold only for the getter having already absorbed a sufficient amount of carbon mono-oxide. The large absorption ability of at fresh getter is due to the existence of large number of lattice imperfections in it. The activation energy of physical adsorption, desorption and activated adsorption for Ba–CO system were found 1.0, 1.4 and 6.5 Kcal/gmol respectively. The new theory assuming the existence of lattice imperfections was developed.
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  • Tetsuya Arizumi, Seiichi Kotani
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 163-166
    Published: 1952
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    This paper is a continuation of the preceding Parts. The analysis in Part II showed that only a small portion of whole gettering process of barium was explained by the simple adsorption theory. However, the phenomena shall be thoroughly clarified assuming that the getter mirror contains a large number of lattice imperfections, whose evidences shall be found in many experimental results. And the new theory will be presented which agrees qualitatively with the obtained results.
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  • Masao Tomura, Yukiaki Abiko
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 167-170
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Non-uniform natures of selenium rectifiers are studied by comparing the rectification characteristics of several small rectifier elements which are cut out of a conventional mother element of normal size. Non-uniformities of various kinds of characteristics, such as spreading resistance, contact potential, experimental value of ekT and maximum back voltage etc, are observed with each element.
    They depend especially on the dimensions of the elements. The distribution of contact potential is found to be different from that of local thin patches in the barrier layer. The contact potential distributes itself continuously at least within the area compared with the dimensions of our elements, namely 0.1 mm2. But the local thin patches exist here and the mean distance between them is estimated as the order of several times of 1 mm.
    Elements which have no local thin patches where currents due to tunnel effect flow show very high back voltrges such as above 100 volts.
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  • Jiro Yamaguchi, Takeshi Miyauchi, Hideo Mori
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 171-172
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    Measuring capacitance and conductance of the seleninm rectifier by means of the reactance variation method, the lelectrical dispersion was found at about 1 Mc. per sec.
    This problem is approximately interpreted with the relaxation theory, which Lawson treated for the metal rectifier.
    Applying our results of measurement to the equations derived by Lawson, the Value of ΔE is nearly 0.05 eV and B0 (ionization probability B is expressed as B0exp−ΔEkT) may be estimated at about 3×107 sec−1.
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  • Yuzo Tomono
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 174-179
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    In part I, the magnetic after effect of cold rolled iron is studied both by semi-static and dynamic measurements. It is verified that: the static after effect in a weak field and the so called Jordan’s constant are not observable in contradiction to Schulze’s measurements. But the after effect is observable in the range of irreversible magnetisation. The after effect of iron, annealed after being cold rolled, is also investigated. The after effect in the range of initial permeability becomes observable in a recrystallised state, in agreement with Schulze’s results. In addition it is found that the part of loss angles, observed at low frequencies, attributable to the macroscopic eddy currents is larger than the theoretical value. It suggests the existence of a relaxation due to another origin which has not been taken into account in the analysis of loss angles. Hence, in part II, the measurements of apparent permeability at higher frequencies are carried out for the cold rolled iron. The time of relaxation in the range of initial permeability is estimated to be of the order of 10−6∼10−7 sec. It satisfactorily explains the difference between loss angles observed and calculated.
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  • Yuzo Tomono
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 180-182
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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  • Hiroshi Ichimura
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 182-185
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The free energy of mixing’ of the dilute high polymer solution is calculated by a new approximational method which may clarify how the interaction between the solvent and the solute molecules should be taken into account. It is based on the idea somewhat analogous to the cage model theory of the liquid state and may be considered to unite the quasi-lattice model theory and the gas-like model theory. But it does not use the idea of the potential of the average force as in Zimm’s theory. The osmotic pressure formula is derived and it is shown that the second osmotic coefficient depends explicitly on the solvent-segment interaction through a complicated function even in the simplest case where the solute molecule may be expressed with the rigid sphere with the well type attraction potential.
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  • Tokio Sakurai
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 185-189
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The electric current \dotI and the volage \dotV on the imagined surface S are defined by \dotIF=Ht, \dotP=\dotV\ ildeI or \dotIF=E, \ ildeP=\dotV\ ildeI, where Ht, Et are tangential magnetic and electric field components on S, and F is a vector function depending only on the distribution of Ht and Et on S and \dotI is a scalar complex constant depending only on the total strength of Ht or Et, \dotP is the apperent power flowing through S, and∼expresses the conjugate value of the quontity. It is proved that ∂\dotZ⁄∂λ is positive and ||∂Zkh⁄∂λ|| ispo sitive definite form in reactive case, where λ=jω, \dotZ and \dotZkh are impedance and impedance matrix element respectively, and Q=(1⁄r)\sqrtLC in resonant case, werer r, L, C are resistance, inductance, and capacity.
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  • Mikio Namiki, Kazuo Horiuchi
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 190-193
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    In this paper, we investigate of deformation of waves travelling in a nonloss wave guide owing to the dependence of the phase velocity on the frequency. The general formula was applied to the case in which a sinusoidally oscillating source is impressed at the time t=0. In this illustrative example, the wave front and the signal front travel in the wave guide with the velocities (1⁄\sqrtμε) and (1⁄\sqrtμε sp), respectively. (sp=ρ⁄\sqrtρ2−1, ρ= ratio of the excitation to the cut-off frequency.) The initial oscillations before the signal front have considerably small amplitudes, while the amplitudes of the signal waves are order of magnitude of the steady wave. After arrival of the signal the transient disturbances decrease for increasing time and the steady wave only remains there. The oscillations with a finite time interval are also considered.
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  • Kazuo Niira
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 193-199
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    The abnormal rotational intensity distribution of the OH band spectrum 2Σ+2Π emitted through discharge in water vapour has been interpreted to be due to simultaneous dissociation of H2O and excitation of OH. A quantum-mechanical calculation of electronic energies of H2O molecules by semiempirical AO approximation shows that in two electronically excited states of H2O, both of them being cbaracterised by symmetry type of 1A1 and 3B2, respectively, a hydrogen atom of H2O takes a path of particular direction in the dissociation process to excite OH* radical (2Σ+) into a rotational state. Such an elementary process for dissociation can be understood by an interaction between different symmetry types resulting from deformation of the configuration of H2O molecule from an isosceles into a scalene triangle at the decomposition. Greater energy released in the 3B2 than in the 1A1 is responsible for the abnormal rotation (J∼20) of OH* from the 3B2, and the 1A1 gives OH* of J∼5. Another treatrment by MO method is reviewed.
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  • Ken-ichi Kusukawa
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 200-203
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    As the result of the four conservation laws i. e. those of the conservation of mass momentum, energy and the area of the section of the tube of flow, we have obtained following conclusions for the shock wave induced in the elastic medium.
    1. When the wedge moved with the supersonic speed z, the angle between the shock wave and the direction of undisturbed velocity denoted by α is
    α=Sin−1(M−1)+θ
    where
    θ=\frac3λ+2μλ+2μ\fracM4α2βδ24C0(M2−1)2⁄3 and M=za.
    a, β, c0, λ and μ, and δ denote the speed of sound, the coefficient of the linear expansion, the specific heat, Lamé’s constants of the elastic medium, and the half vertex angle of the wedge resp..
    2. The plane shock wave is reflected by the plane rigid wall. α and α′ denoting the angles included between the incident or reflected waves and the wall, we have
    x′=\fracηx(1+η2x2)−x(1−η2){1+η2x22−1)}1⁄2(1+η2x2){1+η2x22−1)}1⁄2x2(1−η2),
    x=tanα x′=tanα′, and (1−η2)
    represents the strength of shock.
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  • Yûkichi Nomura, Kôshun Takaku
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 204-211
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    In this paper the elastic waves propagating in a large homogeneous spherical medium are calculated. The results are convenient for a further discussion owing to their very clear and simple form, in which the laws of geometrieal optics are contained. Various modes of reflection are considered and the intensity of reflected waves relative to the primary is calculated numerically.
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  • Yoshimasa Wada
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 211-214
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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    Introducing a small viscosity, a fundamental equation is obtained which gives the relation between the wave-length of standing surface waves of an infinitely long cylindrical flow and its common velocity. From the graph of the first approximation we see that there is always a minimum velocity for the appearance of the waves of any assigned mode for any radius of the jet and that this minimum velocity is inversely proportional to the radius. The graph informs us also that with increasing velocity, waves of successively higher mode are superposed and the surface becomes gradually ruffled. When the velocity is greater than the minimum value, the equation gives two wave-lengths. The longer and shorter ones belong respectively to the waves, occurring below and above the disturbance; this is investigated to the second approximation.
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  • Sakae Morita
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 214-219
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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    A new sonde method of measuring the field intensity of ultrasonics was devised. The sonde is made of a small ball (about 2 mm in diameter) of sound-absorbing material, in which a thermistor of much smaller dimension is included in its centre. From experimental results and theoretical considerations, two noteworthy facts are derived. They are “surface heat generation” (on the surface of any solid material heat is generated in ultra sonic field) and the cooling effect of ultrasonic wave.
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  • Masao Tomura, Yukiaki Abiko
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 220-221
    Published: 1952
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  • Shin-ichiro Narita
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 221-222
    Published: 1952
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  • Ryosuke Yokota
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 222-223
    Published: 1952
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  • Hiroshi Yoshinaga, Yahiko Yamada
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 223-225
    Published: 1952
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  • Chiyoe Yamanaka, Tokuo Suita
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 225-226
    Published: 1952
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  • Nobuhiko Saitô, Yuichi Ikeda
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 227A
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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  • Masao Tomura, Takeo Kikuchi
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 227B-228
    Published: 1952
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  • Taiji Arakawa
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 228-230
    Published: 1952
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  • Morikazu Toda
    1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 230
    Published: 1952
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