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Norio Ryu
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
125-130
Published: 1952
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The double scattering experiment has been repeated to find out the evidence by polarization expected by theories. The scatterers used were gold foils of about 5×10
−6 cm in thickness and the energy of the electrons ranged from 60 to 130 kev. The experiments were carried out on the scattering through angles of 105° and 120° at the first and the second foil. At 120 kev the values of −200 δ
2 are 14.7±1.7 and 16.9±2.0, respectively, which are smaller than the half of the theoretical values predicted by Mohr at 121 kev. The results at 120° are somewhat larger than those at 105°, but the mean errors in counting are too large to be compared precisely. The azimuthal dependency of the polarization effect agrees with the theory qualitatively.
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Norio Ryu
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
130-135
Published: 1952
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The polarization of electrons were investigated erperimentally by double scattering where the scattering angles at the polarizer and the analyzer are different. The results obtained (−200 δ
1δ
2) are 14.1±1.8, 17.0±3.0, 15.7±2.1 and 20.4±2.8 at 120 kev at angles of 105°–120°, 105°–135°, 120°–105° and 120°–135°, and are smaller than a half of Mohr’s theory. The large differences between the evidences at angles of 90°, 105°, 120° and 135°, shown in Mohr’s paper, could not be obtained. The plural scattering, which is the combination of rather large angle deflections at same foil, plays an important role in this experiments, but it is difficult only by this cause to explain the discrepancy between the experiments and the theory. But the evidences by polarization increase with scattering angles, and this tendency agrees with Mohr’s theory.
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Shotaro Yamabe, Jyumpei Sanada
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
136-139
Published: 1952
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Backward scattering cross sections of 3.1 Mev neutrons scattered by C, O, Fe, Cu and Pb were obtained at angles between 130° and 160° in the laboratory system, assuming that the scattering were entirely elastic. Detector used was a methane filled ionization chamber connected to electrometer. For C and Pb, differential cross sections are rising at large scattering angle, but there are no deviation from flat distribution for other elements. In the case of C it seems to be reasonable to assume that the scattering is entirely elastic, and together with our previous results about the forward distribution whole angular distribution in the centre of mass system can be represented as following
σ(θ)=(6.8+6.0cosθ+23cos
2θ)×10
−26 cm
2.
But in the case of Pb this backward rising cannot be ascribed to the elastic scattering only because there may be some contribution from the inelastically scattered neutrons for which our detector has a different efficiency.
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Shotaro Yamabe, Masao Nozawa, Jumpei Sanada
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
140-143
Published: 1952
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Relative cross sections of Agr
107, Cu
63 and Al
27 for radiative capture of neutrons were determined at energies from 2.3 Mev to 3.1 Mev by the method of observing the induced activity. For Ag
107 and Cu
63, capture cross sections decreased almost as 1⁄
E, where
E is the energy of neutrons. For Al
27, deviation from monotonous decrease was found. This seemed to be caused by the resonance effects, which .had been observed in the measurements of the total cross section for Al. Cross section of (n, p) reaction for Al
27 was estimated at 3 Mev and was found to be about the same order of magnitude as that of (n, γ) reaction.
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(Miscellaneous Notes and Correction of the Previous Paper)
Naruo Taketa, Toyoki Koga
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
143-145
Published: 1952
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In the previous paper of Koga of the same title its the present, the results are more or less different from those of Enskog and Chapman. At first sight, it seemed that the treatment of Enskog and Chapman might not be correct for lacking of interpretation of the physical meanings. But later we arrived at the conclusion: Enskog-Chapman’s solution is correct formally, and further we can show that the variables adopted by them are of the same physical meanings as those in Koga’s treatment. Although we cannot yet mention any mistake positively in Koga’s results, yet some lacks necessary of verifications are found on Koga’s side.
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Takehiko Oguchi, Yutaka Takagi
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
145-152
Published: 1952
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The rotational phase transition is discussed along the line of Kikuchi’s method for order-disorder transformation in binary alloys. The potential energy for a pair of neighbouring molecules are −
J⁄2cos(
i,
j), where (
i,
j) is the angle between neighbouring molecular axes and
J is the constant. The transition point
J⁄2
kTc, that is a branching point of the integral equation, is 1.150 in the case of two-dimensional square lattice. This value is the lowest compared with those obtained by other theories. The discontinuity of the specific heat at the transition point is calculated, though some assumption has to be made to avoid the complexity of the calculation. The transition point does not vary even when an anisotropic potential is introduced.
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Tetsuya Arizumi, Seiichi Kotani
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
152-158
Published: 1952
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The absorption Properties of flashed barium getters below 0°C were studied in c.f and c.v- methods. The getter absorbed a comparatively large amount of carbon mono-oxide even at −185°C, not so much differing from that at 0°C, indicating. that the absorption is not a simple physical adsorption. The pressure changes in the c.v. method are represented by
\frac
dpdt=−α
p(
a−
bp) and \frac
dpdt=−β
prespectively for lower and higher temperature ranges. Raising the temperature of the getter mirror stepwisely, from −180°C, the absorbed gas was desorbed at first, but it began to be absorbed again by the getter. For comparison, the absorption properties of Cu–CO system was also studied.
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Tetsuya Arizumi, Seiichi Kotani
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
158-163
Published: 1952
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The simple theory of physical adsorption was found to hold only for the getter having already absorbed a sufficient amount of carbon mono-oxide. The large absorption ability of at fresh getter is due to the existence of large number of lattice imperfections in it. The activation energy of physical adsorption, desorption and activated adsorption for Ba–CO system were found 1.0, 1.4 and 6.5 Kcal/gmol respectively. The new theory assuming the existence of lattice imperfections was developed.
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Tetsuya Arizumi, Seiichi Kotani
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
163-166
Published: 1952
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This paper is a continuation of the preceding Parts. The analysis in Part II showed that only a small portion of whole gettering process of barium was explained by the simple adsorption theory. However, the phenomena shall be thoroughly clarified assuming that the getter mirror contains a large number of lattice imperfections, whose evidences shall be found in many experimental results. And the new theory will be presented which agrees qualitatively with the obtained results.
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Masao Tomura, Yukiaki Abiko
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
167-170
Published: 1952
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Non-uniform natures of selenium rectifiers are studied by comparing the rectification characteristics of several small rectifier elements which are cut out of a conventional mother element of normal size. Non-uniformities of various kinds of characteristics, such as spreading resistance, contact potential, experimental value of
e⁄
kT and maximum back voltage etc, are observed with each element.
They depend especially on the dimensions of the elements. The distribution of contact potential is found to be different from that of local thin patches in the barrier layer. The contact potential distributes itself continuously at least within the area compared with the dimensions of our elements, namely 0.1 mm
2. But the local thin patches exist here and the mean distance between them is estimated as the order of several times of 1 mm.
Elements which have no local thin patches where currents due to tunnel effect flow show very high back voltrges such as above 100 volts.
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Jiro Yamaguchi, Takeshi Miyauchi, Hideo Mori
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
171-172
Published: 1952
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Measuring capacitance and conductance of the seleninm rectifier by means of the reactance variation method, the lelectrical dispersion was found at about 1 Mc. per sec.
This problem is approximately interpreted with the relaxation theory, which Lawson treated for the metal rectifier.
Applying our results of measurement to the equations derived by Lawson, the Value of
ΔE is nearly 0.05
eV and
B0 (ionization probability
B is expressed as
B0exp−
ΔE⁄
kT) may be estimated at about 3×10
7 sec
−1.
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Yuzo Tomono
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
174-179
Published: 1952
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In part I, the magnetic after effect of cold rolled iron is studied both by semi-static and dynamic measurements. It is verified that: the static after effect in a weak field and the so called Jordan’s constant are not observable in contradiction to Schulze’s measurements. But the after effect is observable in the range of irreversible magnetisation. The after effect of iron, annealed after being cold rolled, is also investigated. The after effect in the range of initial permeability becomes observable in a recrystallised state, in agreement with Schulze’s results. In addition it is found that the part of loss angles, observed at low frequencies, attributable to the macroscopic eddy currents is larger than the theoretical value. It suggests the existence of a relaxation due to another origin which has not been taken into account in the analysis of loss angles. Hence, in part II, the measurements of apparent permeability at higher frequencies are carried out for the cold rolled iron. The time of relaxation in the range of initial permeability is estimated to be of the order of 10
−6∼10
−7 sec. It satisfactorily explains the difference between loss angles observed and calculated.
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Yuzo Tomono
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
180-182
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Hiroshi Ichimura
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
182-185
Published: 1952
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The free energy of mixing’ of the dilute high polymer solution is calculated by a new approximational method which may clarify how the interaction between the solvent and the solute molecules should be taken into account. It is based on the idea somewhat analogous to the cage model theory of the liquid state and may be considered to unite the quasi-lattice model theory and the gas-like model theory. But it does not use the idea of the potential of the average force as in Zimm’s theory. The osmotic pressure formula is derived and it is shown that the second osmotic coefficient depends explicitly on the solvent-segment interaction through a complicated function even in the simplest case where the solute molecule may be expressed with the rigid sphere with the well type attraction potential.
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Tokio Sakurai
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
185-189
Published: 1952
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The electric current \dot
I and the volage \dot
V on the imagined surface
S are defined by \dot
IF=
Ht, \dot
P=\dot
V\ ilde
I or \dot
IF=
E, \ ilde
P=\dot
V\ ilde
I, where
Ht,
Et are tangential magnetic and electric field components on
S, and
F is a vector function depending only on the distribution of
Ht and
Et on
S and \dot
I is a scalar complex constant depending only on the total strength of
Ht or
Et, \dot
P is the apperent power flowing through
S, and∼expresses the conjugate value of the quontity. It is proved that ∂\dot
Z⁄∂λ is positive and ||∂
Zkh⁄∂λ|| ispo sitive definite form in reactive case, where λ=
jω, \dot
Z and \dot
Zkh are impedance and impedance matrix element respectively, and
Q=(1⁄
r)\sqrt
L⁄
C in resonant case, werer
r,
L,
C are resistance, inductance, and capacity.
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Mikio Namiki, Kazuo Horiuchi
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
190-193
Published: 1952
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In this paper, we investigate of deformation of waves travelling in a nonloss wave guide owing to the dependence of the phase velocity on the frequency. The general formula was applied to the case in which a sinusoidally oscillating source is impressed at the time
t=0. In this illustrative example, the wave front and the signal front travel in the wave guide with the velocities (1⁄\sqrtμε) and (1⁄\sqrtμε
sp), respectively. (
sp=ρ⁄\sqrtρ
2−1, ρ= ratio of the excitation to the cut-off frequency.) The initial oscillations before the signal front have considerably small amplitudes, while the amplitudes of the signal waves are order of magnitude of the steady wave. After arrival of the signal the transient disturbances decrease for increasing time and the steady wave only remains there. The oscillations with a finite time interval are also considered.
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Kazuo Niira
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
193-199
Published: 1952
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The abnormal rotational intensity distribution of the OH band spectrum
2Σ
+−
2Π emitted through discharge in water vapour has been interpreted to be due to simultaneous dissociation of H
2O and excitation of OH. A quantum-mechanical calculation of electronic energies of H
2O molecules by semiempirical AO approximation shows that in two electronically excited states of H
2O, both of them being cbaracterised by symmetry type of
1A1 and
3B2, respectively, a hydrogen atom of H
2O takes a path of particular direction in the dissociation process to excite OH
* radical (
2Σ
+) into a rotational state. Such an elementary process for dissociation can be understood by an interaction between different symmetry types resulting from deformation of the configuration of H
2O molecule from an isosceles into a scalene triangle at the decomposition. Greater energy released in the
3B2 than in the
1A1 is responsible for the abnormal rotation (
J∼20) of OH
* from the
3B2, and the
1A
1 gives OH
* of
J∼5. Another treatrment by MO method is reviewed.
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Ken-ichi Kusukawa
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
200-203
Published: 1952
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As the result of the four conservation laws i. e. those of the conservation of mass momentum, energy and the area of the section of the tube of flow, we have obtained following conclusions for the shock wave induced in the elastic medium.
1. When the wedge moved with the supersonic speed
z, the angle between the shock wave and the direction of undisturbed velocity denoted by α is
α=Sin
−1(M
−1)+θ
where
θ=\frac3λ+2μλ+2μ\fracM
4α
2βδ
24
C0(M
2−1)
2⁄3 and M=
z⁄
a.
a, β,
c0, λ and μ, and δ denote the speed of sound, the coefficient of the linear expansion, the specific heat, Lamé’s constants of the elastic medium, and the half vertex angle of the wedge resp..
2. The plane shock wave is reflected by the plane rigid wall. α and α′ denoting the angles included between the incident or reflected waves and the wall, we have
x′=\fracη
x(1+η
2x2)−
x(1−η
2){1+η
2x2(η
2−1)}
1⁄2(1+η
2x2){1+η
2x2(η
2−1)}
1⁄2+η
x2(1−η
2),
x=tanα
x′=tanα′, and (1−η
2)
represents the strength of shock.
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Yûkichi Nomura, Kôshun Takaku
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
204-211
Published: 1952
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In this paper the elastic waves propagating in a large homogeneous spherical medium are calculated. The results are convenient for a further discussion owing to their very clear and simple form, in which the laws of geometrieal optics are contained. Various modes of reflection are considered and the intensity of reflected waves relative to the primary is calculated numerically.
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Yoshimasa Wada
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
211-214
Published: 1952
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Introducing a small viscosity, a fundamental equation is obtained which gives the relation between the wave-length of standing surface waves of an infinitely long cylindrical flow and its common velocity. From the graph of the first approximation we see that there is always a minimum velocity for the appearance of the waves of any assigned mode for any radius of the jet and that this minimum velocity is inversely proportional to the radius. The graph informs us also that with increasing velocity, waves of successively higher mode are superposed and the surface becomes gradually ruffled. When the velocity is greater than the minimum value, the equation gives two wave-lengths. The longer and shorter ones belong respectively to the waves, occurring below and above the disturbance; this is investigated to the second approximation.
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Sakae Morita
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
214-219
Published: 1952
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A new sonde method of measuring the field intensity of ultrasonics was devised. The sonde is made of a small ball (about 2 mm in diameter) of sound-absorbing material, in which a thermistor of much smaller dimension is included in its centre. From experimental results and theoretical considerations, two noteworthy facts are derived. They are “surface heat generation” (on the surface of any solid material heat is generated in ultra sonic field) and the cooling effect of ultrasonic wave.
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Masao Tomura, Yukiaki Abiko
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
220-221
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Shin-ichiro Narita
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
221-222
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Ryosuke Yokota
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
222-223
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Hiroshi Yoshinaga, Yahiko Yamada
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
223-225
Published: 1952
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Chiyoe Yamanaka, Tokuo Suita
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
225-226
Published: 1952
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Nobuhiko Saitô, Yuichi Ikeda
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
227A
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Masao Tomura, Takeo Kikuchi
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
227B-228
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Taiji Arakawa
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
228-230
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Morikazu Toda
1952 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
230
Published: 1952
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