Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
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Volume 71, Issue 8
Displaying 1-47 of 47 articles from this issue
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  • On the Density Matrix of Nonequilibrium Steady-State Statistical Mechanics
    Takafumi Kita
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1795-1797
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1795
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    This letter derives a density matrix of steady-state statistical mechanics compatible with steady-state thermodynamics proposed by Oono and Paniconi [Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. No. 130 (1998) 29]. To this end, I adopt three plausible basic assumptions for uniform steady states: (i) equivalence between any two subsystems of the total, (ii) statistical independence between any two subsystems, and (iii) additivity of energy. With a suitable definition of energy, it is then shown that uniform steady states driven by mechanical forces may be described by the Gibbs distribution.
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  • Generation of the Correlation between Rule and Density in Rule-Dynamical Systems
    Song-Ju Kim, Yoji Aizawa
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1798-1801
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1798
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    `Rule-dynamics' is a framework for simple models of rule-changing systems using cellular automata (CA) rules. We realize the transition process from CA to rule-dynamics by adjusting one parameter. Through this process, we show that a correlation between the rule and the density is generated, and also show that this correlation increases although the entropies of the density and the rule increase respectively. This suggests that we can extract the density information from the local rule description.
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  • Low-Dimensional Solutions in the Quartic Fermi-Pasta-Ulam System
    Susumu Shinohara
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1802-1804
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1802
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    The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU)-β system possesses low-dimensional solutions that are the exact solutions of reduced Hamiltonian systems. Identification of such low-dimensional solutions is important for a precise understanding of the energy exchange process among normal modes, especially the induction phenomenon. The reduced Hamiltonians can be systematically constructed by introducing in the mode number space the type I subsets defined by Poggi and Ruffo [Physica D 103 (1997) 251]. By a simple analysis of the selection rule for energy exchange, we present here general expressions for the type I subsets. The applicability of the expressions is demonstrated via a numerical experiment on the induction phenomenon.
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  • Ballistic Sound Wave in Rarefied Argon Gas
    Akira Tsushima, Takeshi Tanaka
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1805-1808
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1805
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    The velocity of argon gas molecules was modulated by a vibrating plate with a frequency of 40 kHz under a pressure of 0.1 Pa, and the velocity modulation of the gas molecules was detected through pressure variation on the diaphragm of a microphone in the same way as the signal of a sound wave. The measurement shows that the apparent local phase velocity increases with the propagation distance, indicating the phase mixing of the velocity modulation of free-streaming gas molecules or the ballistic sound wave. Such phase mixing is expected since the mean free path of inter-molecular collisions is about ten times longer than the wavelength of a sound wave with the same frequency.
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  • Observation of Synchronization of Two Chaotic Oscillators in Plasma
    Takao Fukuyama, Yoshinobu Kawai
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1809-1811
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1809
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    The dynamical behavior of two coupled chaotic oscillators caused by current-driven ion acoustic instability is experimentally studied. It is found that when two oscillators are interacting with the mediation of a central mesh grid, and the DC potential applied to either of the two oscillators is varied gradually while maintaining coupling, the two oscillators synchronize in a certain region.
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  • Magnetic Fluctuations in a Charge-Ordered State of the One-Dimensional Extended Hubbard Model with a Half-Filled Band
    Hideo Yoshioka
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1812-1815
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1812
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    Magnetic properties in a charge-ordered state are examined for the extended Hubbard model at half-filling. Magnetic excitations, magnetic susceptibilities and a nuclear spin relaxation rate are calculated with taking account of fluctuations around the mean-field solution. The relevance of the present results to the observation in the 1:1 organic conductors, (TTM-TTP)I3, is discussed.
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  • Charge Ordering in θ-(BEDT-TTF)2X Materials
    R. Torsten Clay, Sumit Mazumdar, David K. Campbell
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1816-1819
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1816
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    We theoretically investigate charge ordered states on the anisotropic triangular lattice characteristic of the θ-(BEDT-TTF)2X materials. Using exact diagonalization studies, we establish that the charge order (CO) pattern corresponds to a “horizontal” stripe structure, with …1100…CO along the two directions with larger electron hopping ( p-directions), and …1010… CO along the third direction (c-direction). The CO is accompanied by co-operative bond dimerizations along all three directions in the highest spin state. In the lowest spin state bonds along the p-directions are tetramerized. Our theory explains the occurrence of a charge-induced high temperature transition as well as a spin gap transition at lower temperature.
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  • Electronic and Optical Properties of Narrow-Gap Carbon Nanotubes
    F. L. Shyu, M. F. Lin
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1820-1823
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1820
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    The sp3 tight-binding model is used to calculate electronic structures of narrow-gap carbon nanotubes. The curvature effects cause a small energy gap, a one-dimensional parabolic bands, and a shift in the Fermi wave vector. The energy gap is described by the approximate relation Eg∼eq 5|Vppπ|b2cos(3θ)/16Rd2. It is almost identical to the first-principles result. Due to the curvature effects, the optical spectra exhibit single-particle absorption peaks and a plasmon structure. They are consistent with the experimental results, the absorption peaks in the optical conductivity and the plasmon edge in the reflectance spectrum, thereby verifing the relation between Eg and (Rd,θ).
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  • Quantum Nucleation of Phase Slip in Charge-Density-Wave Systems: Role of Long-Range Coulomb Interactions
    Yositake Takane
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1824-1827
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1824
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    Phase-slip processes near electrical contacts are responsible for the nonlinear current-voltage characteristic in clean charge-density-wave systems. In the low-temperature regime near absolute zero, the phase slip is induced by dislocation-loop (DL) nucleation due to quantum tunneling. The quantum nucleation rate of the phase slip is calculated at zero temperature by taking account of the Coulomb interaction effect on the DL. It is shown that a large charging energy associated with the DL greatly reduces the nucleation rate in the low-bias regime. Consequently, the current-voltage characteristic, which is determined by the nucleation rate, is shifted to higher voltages compared with that in the absence of the Coulomb interaction. The voltage shift is of the order of Vth ∼ γ \hbar ωp/e (γ: anisotropy constant, ωp: plasma frequency in the normal state).
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  • Particle-Flux Separation and Quasi-excitations in Quantum Hall Systems
    Ikuo Ichinose, Tetsuo Matsui
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1828-1831
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1828
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    The quasi-excitations of quantum Hall systems at the filling factor ν = p/(2pq ± 1) are studied in terms of chargeon and fluxon introduced previously as constituents of an electron at ν = 1/2. At temperatures T < TPFS(ν), the particle-flux separation phenomenon takes place, and chargeons and fluxons are deconfined to behave as quasiparticles. Bose condensation of fluxons justifies the (partial) cancellation of external magnetic field. Fluxons describe correlation holes, while chargeons describe composite fermions. They contribute to the resistivity ρxy = h/(ν e2) additively.
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  • Effects of Uniaxial Strain on Transport Properties of Organic Conductor α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 and Discovery of Superconductivity
    Naoya Tajima, Akiko Ebina-Tajima, Masafumi Tamura, Yutaka Nishio, Koji ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1832-1835
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1832
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    We demonstrate that an organic conductor α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 exhibits various types of transport phenomena when compressed along some crystal axes. When the sample is strained along the a-axis, the low-temperature electronic state changes from a charge-ordered insulating state under small strains to a narrow gap semiconductor state under large strains. In between these two states, there appears a superconducting state with a Tc of about 7 K. When compressed along the b-axis, on the other hand, this material behaves as a typical quasi-two-dimensional metal with large Fermi surfaces.
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  • Superconducting Gap Modulation in Weak Stripe States
    Masanori Ichioka, Kazushige Machida
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1836-1839
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1836
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    The superconducting gap modulation is investigated in the presence of a weak stripe structure, using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory on the two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor site pairing interaction. We calculate the local density of states and discuss the recently observed scanning tunneling spectroscopy data suggesting four-lattice periodicity on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. We also consider the spectral weight in the reciprocal space, where the Fermi surface and the superconducting gap are modulated by the band-folding effect of the stripe structure.
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  • Direct Evidence of the Anisotropic Structure of Vortices Interacting with Columnar Defects in High-Temperature Superconductors through the Analysis of Lorentz Images
    Osamu Kamimura, Hiroto Kasai, Tetsuya Akashi, Tsuyoshi Matsuda, Ken Ha ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1840-1843
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1840
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    Two types of Fresnel contrasts of superconducting vortices in a Lorentz micrograph, corresponding to pinned and unpinned vortices, were obtained by a newly developed 1 MV field-emission transmission electron microscope on a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) thin specimen containing tilted linear columnar defects introduced by heavy ion irradiation. The main features of the Fresnel contrasts could be consistently interpreted by assuming that the vortices are pinned along the tilted columnar defects and by using a layered or an anisotropic model to calculate the phase shift of the electron wave. The confirmed validity of both models strongly indicates that superconducting vortices in high-critical temperature (high-Tc) layered materials have an anisotropic structure.
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  • Instability in the t2g-Band Model on the Pyrochlore Lattice
    Hirokazu Tsunetsugu
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1844-1847
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1844
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    In order to investigate a large mass enhancement of LiV2O4, I studied a realistic model Hamiltonian with consideration to orbital degeneracy as well as a geometrically frustrated lattice structure. Various types of instability upon increasing electron interaction, V, are examined at zero temperature by calculating generalized susceptibilities based on the random phase approximation. The most prominent instability is a spin density wave order accompanied by orbital polarization with a wave vector close to (π, -π, π), and the critical interaction strength is of the same order as the estimate for the V atom. However, the wave vector dependence of spin fluctuations is rather weak, and other spin polarizations with different wave vectors are enhanced at the same time. The enhancement is not only in the spin sector; it is interesting that the fluctuations of orbital angular momentum are also enhanced around k=0. This indicates the importance of orbital fluctuations in this system.
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  • Observation of Phase Transition from Metal to Spin-Singlet Insulator in MgTi2O4 with S=1/2 Pyrochlore Lattice
    Masahiko Isobe, Yutaka Ueda
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1848-1851
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1848
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    We have synthesized well-defined powder samples of MgTi2O4, that are expected to realize the pyrochlore lattice with S=1/2, and measured the magnetic susceptibility, lattice parameters and resistivity as a function of temperature. We found a phase transition from the metal to the spin-singlet insulator at around 260 K, which was accompanied by a structural transformation from cubic to tetragonal. The transition is a kind of Peierls transition in the three-dimensional lattice, which suggests a close relationship to the internal low dimensionality embedded in the spinel structure. The ground state may be spin-singlet dimers theoretically predicted to be the ground state of the S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice.
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  • Field-Induced Ferromagnetic Transition in PrInNi4
    Naohito Tsujii, Hideaki Kitazawa, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Motoharu Imai, Giyu ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1852-1855
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1852
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    A polycrystalline sample of PrInNi4 with the cubic MgSnCu4-type structure has been prepared. Magnetization M and electrical resistivity ρ have been investigated as functions of temperature T and magnetic field H. M and ρ vs. T for H < 0.65 T show the absence of magnetic order down to 2 K, and suggest that the ground state is a nonmagnetic crystal-field level. For H > 0.65 T, M and ρ vs. T indicate the evolution of a ferromagnetic ordered state below about 3 K. At low temperature, M vs. H demonstrates a sharp increase around H=0.65 T. These phenomena are discussed in terms of a ferromagnetic transition accompanied by an abrupt mixing of crystal-field levels.
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  • Finite Dimensional Hamiltonians and Almost-Periodic Solutions for 2+1 Dimensional Three-Wave Equations
    Zixiang Zhou
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1857-1863
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1857
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    For the 2+1 dimensional three-wave equation, by using the known nonlinear constraints from 2+1 dimensions to 1+1 dimensions, we reduce it further to 0+1 dimensional (finite dimensional) Hamiltonian systems with constraints of Neumann type. These Hamiltonian systems are proved to be Liouville integrable by finding a full set of involutive conserved integrals and proving their functional independence. Moreover, almost-periodic solutions of the 2+1 dimensional three-wave equation are obtained by solving these Hamiltonian systems explicitly.
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  • New Matrix Lax Representation for a Blaszak-Marciniak Four-Field Lattice Hierarchy and Its Infinitely Many Conservation Laws
    Zuo-nong Zhu, Zuo-ming Zhu, Xiaonan Wu, Weimin Xue
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1864-1869
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1864
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    In this article, by means of considering a 4× 4 discrete isospectral problem, and constructing a proper continuous time evolution equation, and using discrete zero curvature equation, a Blaszak-Marciniak four-field lattice hierarchy is re-derived. Thus a new matrix Lax representation for the hierarchy is obtained. From the new matrix Lax representation, we demonstrate the existence of infinitely many conservation laws for the lattice hierarchy and give the corresponding conserved densities and the associated fluxes formulaically. Thus its integrability is further confirmed.
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  • Remarks on Kelvin's Solutions of Shear-flow Systems - a Generalized Modal Approach -
    Francesco Volponi, Zensho Yoshida
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1870-1874
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1870
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    The structure of Kelvin's method, which is driving great advances in the study of shear-flow systems, has been carefully re-examined. It is shown that this method is a particular case of a generalized modal approach. The generality of Kelvin's solutions, which is an essential issue in the study of stability, is also proved. The possibility of extending Kelvin's method to the treatment of systems presenting spacial inhomogeneities other than the convective is discussed.
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  • Effect of Noise on the High Flow Rate Chaos of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction
    Minoru Yoshimoto, Junichiro Katsura
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1875-1881
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1875
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    We systematically investigated the effect of Gaussian white noise on the high flow rate chaos of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction in both the systems far from and close to a bifurcation point. When the noise was added to the chaos with the bifurcation parameter far from a bifurcation point, the chaos trajectory was slightly scattered. However, in the chaos with the bifurcation parameter near a bifurcation point, it happened that the topological entropy was constant but the mutual information increased. We found that this phenomenon, named “noise-induced order”, was caused by the appearance of a stable point and the subsequent change of the invariant density.
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  • On the Conditions for the Existence of Perfect Learning and Power Law Behaviour in Learning from Stochastic Examples by Ising Perceptrons
    Tatsuya Uezu
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1882-1904
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1882
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    In a previous work, we studied learning from stochastic examples by perceptrons with Ising weights in the framework of statistical mechanics. Employing the one-step replica symmetry breaking ansatz, types of behaviour of learning curves were classified according to a certain local property of the rules by which examples were drawn. Further, the conditions for the existence of the perfect learning, together with other behaviour of the learning curves, were given. In this paper, we give a detailed derivation of these results and a further argument regarding perfect learning. We also present the results of extensive numerical calculations.
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  • Measurements of the Hyperfine Structure and Δ F=+2 Transitions in Eu I by High-Resolution Diode-Laser Spectroscopy
    Wei-Guo Jin, Toshiaki Endo, Takashi Wakui, Haruko Uematsu, Tatsuya Min ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1905-1909
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1905
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    High-resolution atomic-beam laser spectroscopy in Eu I has been performed using a tunable diode laser. The hyperfine structure (hfs) and isotope shift of the 4ƒ76s2 8S7/2-4ƒ76s6p 10P9/2 transition at 686.45 nm have been measured. The hfs constants A and B of 151Eu and 153Eu have been determined for the upper state 4ƒ76s6p 10P9/2, and the hyperfine anomaly has been derived. The Δ F=+2 transitions, normally forbidden, have been induced by applying a magnetic field of approximately 1 G. Their intensity dependences on the magnetic field strength and on the hfs splittings agreed with the first-order perturbation theory, which considers the mixing between the closely lying hfs levels in the ground state.
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  • Bifurcation and Stability of the Traveling-Wave Convection in a Binary Fluid Mixture
    Hideo Yahata
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1910-1920
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1910
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    The Rayleigh-Bénard convection of a binary fluid mixture in a horizontal layer is considered for a moderate negative value of the separation ratio S for which the spatio-temporal structure of fully-developed periodic convection rolls is known to take either the stationary overturning convection (SOC) or the traveling-wave (TW) convection state depending on the values of the Rayleigh number. Numerical solutions for the SOC and the TW states are computed using the 2D MAC and the 2D spectral simulations of the governing equations of motion in the finite difference and the Galerkin form respectively. In addition to these, a method for finding their solutions as the steady-state problem of the Galerkin system using the Newton iterative method is presented and the computed results are compared with those obtained previously by others. Linear stability analysis of the linearized dynamical system shows that the transition between the SOC and TW states is involved by the real-mode instability.
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  • Contribution of Higher Order Terms in Nonlinear Ion-Acoustic Waves: Strongly Dispersive Case
    Hilmi Demiray
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1921-1930
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1921
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    Contribution of higher order terms in the perturbation expansion for the strongly dispersive ion-plasma waves is examined through the use of modified reductive perturbation method developed by us [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68 (1999) 1833]. In the analysis it is shown that the lowest order term in the expansion is governed by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation while the second order term is governed by the linear Schrödinger equation. For the small wave number region a set of solution is presented for the evolution equations.
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  • Strong Proton Acceleration during Successive Coalescence of Filament Currents in Relativistic Electron Beam System
    S. Saito, J. I. Sakai
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1931-1938
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1931
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    We investigate the relaxation process of relativistic electron beam in a plasma, using a two-dimensional fully relativistic electromagnetic particle-in-cell code. The relaxation mechanism of the electron beam with return current is related to the electromagnetic filamentation instability. This instability produces many small current filaments whose size is of order of the electron skin depth. These generated current filaments rapidly merge and the electron pinching occurs in each filament. After that, these filaments merge further. There are two types of coalescence processes. One is the coalescence of almost same size filaments, the other is the coalescence of the different size filaments. We find that during successive coalescence, the strong proton acceleration occurs due to electric field perpendicular to local magnetic field.
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  • Transition Temperature in One-Dimensional Bose-Einstein Condensation
    Shoichi Sakamoto, Hideki Matsumoto
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1939-1946
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1939
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    The phase transition of the one-dimensional Bose gas, interacting weakly with a repulsive potential and trapped in an external parabolic potential, is studied in a mean field approximation. The Bose-Einstein condensed (BEC) state is identified by the non-vanishing thermal average of a bose field. Free energies between the BEC state and normal state are compared. A crossing of the free energies occurring at low temperature suggests the first order phase transition in an interacting one-dimensional bose system. From fitting of numerical results, the relation among the transition temperature Tc, the total number of bosons N and the interaction V is also provided as a simple power law, Tc ∝ (N2V )2/3.
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  • Dynamical Properties of One-Dimensional Multicomponent Quantum Liquids in Metallic Phase
    Satoshi Miyashita, Akira Kawaguchi, Norio Kawakami
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1947-1955
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1947
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    We investigate low-energy dynamical properties of one-dimensional multicomponent quantum liquids with the short-range interaction as well as the 1/x-type long-range interaction. By calculating the single-particle spectrum and the dynamical spin susceptibility by means of the bosonization method, we discuss how the orbital degeneracy and the band splitting affect the dynamical response functions. The effect of the long-range interaction is also addressed. Although the long-range interaction suppresses charge fluctuations, it effectively enhances spin fluctuations via the formation of the Wigner crystal.
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  • Raman Spectra of (Me2-DCNQI)2CuxLi1-x(0≤ x ≤ 1): The Evidence for Charge Separation at Room Temperature in a One-Dimensional Conductor Having a Quarter-Filled Band
    Takashi Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Tajima, Reizo Kato, Mikio Uruichi, Kyuya Ya ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1956-1964
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1956
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    Raman spectra of (Me2-DCNQI)2CuxLi1-x (0≤ x≤ 1) have been measured at room temperature, 200 K, 100 K and 5 K. The observed Raman bands are assigned on the basis of the vibrational analysis done by Lunardi and Pecile. The Raman band assigned to the agvR8 fundamental mode (quinoid C=N stretching) shifts downward with an increase of x and exhibits a remarkable split for 0≤ x≤ 0.29. This frequency shift is attributable to the change of a charge density on a Me2-DCNQI molecule. From the split of the υR8 Raman band, it is concluded that the charge densities on Me2-DCNQI molecules are not equivalent even at room temperature for 0≤ x≤ 0.29.
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  • Elastic and Magnetic Properties of Bilayer Manganites: La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 for x=0.35 and 0.40
    Agung Imaduddin, Yoshiki Nakanishi, Kota Shimomura, Hisanori Kanazawa, ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1965-1973
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1965
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    We have grown single crystals of LSMO(327) for x=0.35 and x=0.40 and investigated the elastic properties systematically, together with the electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance and magnetization. Elastic anomaly around the magnetic transition temperature Tc, at which remarkable metal-insulator transition occurs, has been found in the longitudinal as well as shear elastic constants for x=0.35 and 0.40. They all exhibit a dip around Tc and a remarkable hardening below Tc implying strong couplings between magnetic moments and elastic strains. Furthermore, it was found that the amount of the elastic softening of C33 and C66 become smaller with increasing x, which implies that the ration of dγ polarization, d(3z2-r2)/d(x2-y2) is decreasing with increasing x. We will discuss obtained results in terms of the 3d electric state of Mn ions in connection with a degree of carrier concentration, dγ-band width and crystalline electric field (CEF) effect.
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  • Josephson Effect in Junctions of Sr2RuO4
    Yasuhiro Asano, Keisuke Katabuchi
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1974-1977
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1974
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    Josephson effect between two Sr2RuO4 (SRO) is theoretically studied based on a new formula of Josephson current. We analytically calculate the Josephson current in clean SRO/insulator/SRO junctions and SRO/dirty normal metal/SRO junctions. In SRO, we assume a spin-triplet p wave superconductivity which breaks the chiral symmetry. When the current flows in a direction perpendicular to the c axis of SRO, the zero-energy states formed at the junction interfaces enhance the Josephson current in low temperature regime. We also report the Josephson current parallel to the c axis.
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  • Bound State and Order Parameter Mixing Effect by Nonmagnetic Impurity Scattering in Two-band Superconductors
    Yoji Ohashi
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1978-1992
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1978
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    We investigate nonmagnetic impurity effects in two-band superconductors, focusing on the effects of interband impurity scatterings. Within the Born approximation, it is known that interband scatterings mix order parameters in the two bands. In particular, only one averaged energy gap appears in the excitation spectrum in the dirty limit [G. Gusman: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 28 (1967) 2327]. In this paper, we take into account the interband scattering within the t-matrix approximation beyond the Born approximation in the previous work. We show that, although the interband scattering is responsible for the mixing effect, this effect becomes weak when the interband scattering becomes very strong. In the strong interband scattering limit, a two-gap structure corresponding to two order parameters recovers in the superconducting density of states. We also show that a bound state appears around a nonmagnetic impurity depending on the phase of interband scattering potential.
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  • Roles of Electron Correlations in the Spin-Triplet Superconductivity of Sr2RuO4
    Takuji Nomura, Kosaku Yamada
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 1993-2004
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.1993
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    We discuss a microscopic mechanism of the spin-triplet superconductivity in the quasi-two-dimensional ruthenium oxide Sr2RuO4 on the basis of two-dimensional three-band Hubbard model. We solve the linearized Éliashberg equation by taking into account the full momentum-frequency dependence of the order parameter for the spin-triplet and the spin-singlet states, and estimate the transition temperature as a function of the Coulomb integrals. The effective pairing interaction is expanded perturbatively with respect to the Coulomb interaction at the Ru sites up to the third order. As a result, we show that the spin-triplet p-wave state is more stable than the spin-singlet d-wave state for moderately strong Coulomb interaction. Our results suggest that one of the three bands, γ, plays a dominant role in the superconducting transition, and the pairing on the other two bands (α and β) is induced passively through the inter-orbit couplings. The most significant momentum dependence for the p-wave pairing originates from the vertex correction terms, while the incommensurate antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, which are observed in inelastic neutron scattering experiments, are expected to disturb the p-wave pairing by enhancing the d-wave pairing. Therefore we can regard the spin-triplet superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 as one of the natural results of the electron correlations, and cannot consider as a result of some strong magnetic fluctuations. We will also mention the normal Fermi liquid properties of Sr2RuO4.
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  • Tunneling Conductance in Normal Metal-High-TC Cuprate Junctions in the Presence of Magnetic Field
    Yukio Tanaka, Hiroyoshi Itoh, Yasunari Tanuma, Hiroki Tsuchiura, Junic ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2005-2009
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2005
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    The magnetic field responses of the zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) in tunneling spectra of high-TC cuprate junctions are studied theoretically. Our calculation is based on the lattice Green's function method and takes the realistic electronic structure of the high-TC cuprate into account. In marked contrast to previous works, it is shown that the critical magnetic field strength HC exists for the splittings of the ZBCP's to be discernible. HC is almost proportional to the product of the magnitude of pair potential, transmissivity of the junction, and the inverse of the Fermi velocity parallel to the interface (1/υFy). The calculated HC's for the hole-doped superconductors are higher than those for electron-doped ones because of relatively large magnitude of pair potential and the small magnitude of υFy originating from peculiar shape of the Fermi surface.
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  • Theory for Carrier-Induced Ferromagnetism in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors
    Miki Yagi, Yosuke Kayanuma
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2010-2018
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2010
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    A theory is presented for the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition induced by spin-carriers in diluted magnetic semiconductors. The localized spins of d-electrons are approximated by Ising spins which are coupled with itinerant spin-carriers through the s-d interaction. The scattering of the carriers by the randomly distributed localized spins is treated by the coherent potential approximation at finite temperatures. The magnetic moments of localized spins are evaluated from the free-energy, and the Curie temperature TC is determined as a function of the concentration of localized spins x as well as the carrier-density n. The emergence of a narrow band of local density of states associated with the magnetic impurities at the edge, or below the edge, of the energy band of the host crystal plays a crucial role in determining the magnetic properties of the system. It is predicted that TC is maximized for n∼eq x/2, but decreases for over-doping, and becomes zero at a critical value nc (≥x).
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  • Pressure Effect on Antiferromagnetic Ordering in UIn3
    Yoshinori Haga, Fuminori Honda, Tetsujiro Eto, Gendo Oomi, Tomoko Kaga ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2019-2021
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2019
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    Pressure phase diagram of the antiferromagnet UIn3 was constructed from the electrical resistivity measurement under high pressures up to 9 GPa. A Néel temperature increases monotonically with increasing pressure from 88 K at ambient pressure to 127 K at 9 GPa. We observed an additional resistive anomaly at T* = 21 K under 1.4 GPa. This anomaly brings about an increase of the residual resistivity. T* decreases gradually with increasing pressure and disappears around 8 GPa.
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  • Magnetic Investigation of Possible Quasi-One-Dimensional Two-Leg Ladder Systems, (BDTFP)2X(PhCl)0.5 (X = PF6, AsF6)
    Toshikazu Nakamura, Kazuko Takahashi, Takashi Shirahata, Mikio Uruichi ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2022-2030
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2022
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    ESR and 1H-NMR investigations of the quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors, (BDTFP)2X(PhCl)0.5 (X = PF6, AsF6), were carried out. The low-temperature physical properties of the title compounds are quite different from each other, although those at R.T. are very similar. The PF6 salt undergoes a spin-singlet transition around 170 K. On the other hand, the AsF6 salt shows a discontinuous transition of first order around 230 K, in association with an abrupt jump in the spin susceptibility. The AsF6 salt shows spin-gap behavior below 50 K, but it undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at 14 K. The low-temperature electronic states of the title compounds are discussed by microscopic point of view.
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  • Anomalous Softening of Spin-Phonon Coupled Mode on CuGeO3
    Kanji Takehana, Mitsutake Oshikiri, Tadashi Takamasu, Masashi Hase, Gi ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2031-2034
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2031
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    The anomalous softening of the 98 cm-1 spin-phonon coupled mode of CuGeO3 in the vicinity of the commensurate-incommensurate transition field, HC, is related with the incommensurability around HC, which is one of the characteristic properties of the 98 cm-1 mode and was an unsolved problem in our previous paper [Takehana et al.: Phys. Rev. B 60 (2000) 5191; J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 70 (2001) 3391]. It can be consistently explained as the size effect of the localized mode, which is confined in one domain separated by two spin solitons in the discommensurate range.
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  • Magnetic Susceptibility Study of LaRu3Si2
    Yutaka Kishimoto, Takashi Ohno, Takehiko Hihara, Kenji Sumiyama, Gouta ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2035-2038
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2035
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    We have measured the magnetization of LaRu3Si2 to investigate the electronic states in the normal and superconducting states. LaRu3Si2 is a typical type II superconductor with the superconducting transition temperature Ts=6.5 K. We estimated the lower critical field, upper critical field, coherence length, penetration depth and Ginzburg-Landau parameter at 2.0 and 4.2 K. We also derived these values at T=0 K according to Ginzburg-Landau theory. In the normal state, the intrinsic magnetic susceptibility after subtracting the impurity part depends on temperature. The fact is considered to be due to a high density of states and a narrow band.
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  • Spin and Orbital States and Their Phase Transitions of the Perovskite-Type Ti Oxides: Weak Coupling Approach
    Masahito Mochizuki
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2039-2047
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2039
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    The magnetic phase diagram of the perovskite-type Ti oxides as a function of the GdFeO3-type distortion is examined by using the Hartree-Fock analysis of a multiband d-p Hamiltonian from a viewpoint of competitions of the spin-orbit interaction, the Jahn-Teller (JT) level-splitting and spin-orbital superexchange interactions. Near the antiferromagnetic (AFM)-to-ferromagnetic (FM) phase boundary, A-type AFM [AFM(A)] and FM states accompanied by a certain type of orbital ordering are lowered in energy at large JT distortion, which is in agreement with the previous strong coupling study. With increasing the GdFeO3-type distortion, their phase transition occurs. Through this magnetic phase transition, the orbital state hardly changes, which induces nearly continuous change in the spin coupling along the c-axis from negative to positive. The strong suppression of TN and TC, which is experimentally observed is attributed to the resulting strong two-dimensionality in the spin coupling near the phase boundary. On the other hand, at small GdFeO3-type without JT distortions, which correspond to LaTiO3, the most stable solution is not G-type AFM [AFM(G)] but FM. Although the spin-orbit interaction has been considered to be relevant at the small or no JT distortion of LaTiO3 in the literature, our analysis indicates that the spin-orbit interaction is irrelevant to the AFM(G) state in LaTiO3 and superexchange-type interaction dominates. On the basis of further investigations on the nature of this FM state and other solutions, this discrepancy is discussed in detail.
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  • Temporal Behavior of Spectral Hole Depth and Influence of SnO on Spectral Hole Burning in CuCl Doped Glass
    Seongtae Park, Yonghwa Chung, Yongil Yee, Kiwan Jang, Ilgon Kim, Gwang ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2048-2051
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2048
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    CuCl quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated in an aluminoborosilicate glass and hole burning experiment was performed by using the Littman type pulsed dye laser. The influence of SnO, which was added as a reducing agent, on hole burning was studied, and we found that there is almost no hole burning in SnO added sample. The dependence of the hole widths on the radius of QDs was studied, and the hole widths increased with decreasing average radius of QDs. Two kinds of hole burning processes occurred in CuCl doped glass. The hole burnt by a pulsed dye laser was partially recovered within 20 s, and then the remaining hole showed almost permanent life time at 8 K. The relationship between the hole burning process and the surface states and trapping sites in a glass matrix was also discussed.
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  • Monte Carlo Simulation for the Macroscopic Phase Separation in Photo-induced Low-spin to High-spin State Transitions
    Osamu Sakai, Masazumi Ishii, Tetsuo Ogawa, Kazuki Koshino
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2052-2060
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2052
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    Photo-induced cooperative low-spin (LS) to high-spin (HS) conversion phenomena are studied on the basis of a model which includes the long range interaction between complexes originated from the coupling with the acoustic phonons. A short range interaction which mimics the coupling with the optical phonons is also included. The Monte Carlo simulation method is applied in the two- and the three-dimensional cases. It is pointed out that the macroscopic phase separation of HS and LS domains during the conversion process is caused by the volume striction effect through the coupling with acoustic modes. A quantity which describes the coexistence condition of two phases in the photo-induced conversion process is presented. Other characteristic features observed in experiments; the existence of the threshold intensity and the incubation time are also reproduced. The abrupt step-like conversion observed in experiments is ascribed to the de-pinning effect of the volume striction.
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  • Gap Soliton Modes in an Electrical Lattice
    B. Z. Essimbi, I. V. Barashenkov
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2061-2066
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2061
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    We study analytically by a quasi-discreteness approach, nonlinear localized excitations in a discrete electrical lattice which exhibits two natural gaps. We show that some new types of gap solitons as well as intrinsic localized modes, both waves having a zero-group velocity can exist in the line. These nonlinear excitations have also their frequency lying in the gaps of the continuous wave spectrum and oscillate with frequency being above all the phonon bands, respectively.
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  • Measurement of Anisotropic Transport Using Unidirectional Lateral Superlattice with Square Geometry
    Akira Endo, Yasuhiro Iye
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2067-2068
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2067
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  • Neutron Diffraction Study of Magnetic Structure of the Heavy Fermion Antiferromagnet Ce(Ni1-xRhx)2Ge2
    Hiroaki Kadowaki, Tadashi Fukuhara, Kunihiko Maezawa, Naofumi Aso, Hid ...
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2069-2070
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2069
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  • Comment on “The Novel Multi-Soliton Solutions of the MKdV-Sine Gordon Equation”
    Kimiaki Konno, Hiroshi Kakuhata
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2071
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2071
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  • Remarks on Some Solutions of Soliton Equations
    Deng-yuan Chen, Da-jun Zhang, Shu-fang Deng
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2072-2073
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2072
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  • Dephasing by Time-Dependent Random Potentials
    Takeshi Nakanishi, Tomi Ohtsuki, Tohru Kawarabayashi
    Article type: General Physics
    Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
    2002 Volume 71 Issue 8 Pages 2074
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2074
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