All issues
Volume 9 (1954)
- Issue 6 Pages 883-
- Issue 5 Pages 655-
- Issue 4 Pages 443-
- Issue 3 Pages 307-
- Issue 2 Pages 147-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
- Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan. 3rd Series
- Proceedings of the Tokyo Mathematico-Physical Society. 2nd Series
- Tokyo Sugaku-Butsurigakukwai Kiji-Gaiyo
- Tokyo Sugaku-Butsurigakkwai Hokoku
- Tokyo Sugaku-Butsurigaku Kwai Kiji
- Tokyo Sugaku-Butsurigaku Kwai Kiji
- Tokyo Sugaku Kaisya Zasshi
Volume 9, Issue 4
Displaying 1-42 of 42 articles from this issue
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Toshio Azuma1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 443-446
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSK-Auger electrons ejected from the L and M levels of Ba137 are studied by means of a double coil, magnetic lens beta-ray Spectrometer with thin Zapon film G-M counter. The kinetic energies of those electrons observed were compared with the values evaluated from calculations by Slater’s system of screening constants. The relative intensities K-LL: K-LM: K-MN are estimated to be 10:5.0±0.2:0.8±0.04 and the K fluorescence yield ωκ, 0.85±0.03.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
S. Takemoto, T. Dazai, R. Chiba, S. Ito, S. Suganomata, Z. Watanabe1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 447-450
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe angular distributions of protons from the C12(d, p)C13 reactions have been observed at three low bombarding energies, 0.52, 0.63 and 0.84 Mev, using nuclear emulsions at the proton detector. Some details of experimental equipments and procedure are described. The angular distributions observed were then expanded into series of Legendre polynomials. The expansion coefficients are tabulated and also plotted against the bombarding energy together with those reported by other authors. Large asymmetries have been found in the angular distribution curves at these low bombarding energies.View full abstractDownload PDF (616K) -
General Theory for Lattice GasIkuro Shimose1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 451-456
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSFrom the point of view of molecular clusters we physically, interpret the statistical properties of phase transitions. Our results for a lattice gas are expected to be qualitatively correct, though these are approximate from the quantitative point of view. In Part 1 the partition function, the pressure and the density of a lattice gas are calculated in their general forms. Particularly, the discontinuity of the derivative of the isotherm in P−v diagram is derived from our calculation of the partition function.View full abstractDownload PDF (776K) -
II Numerical Calculation for Lattice GasIkuro Shimose1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 457-459
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSApplying our theory derived in Part 1, we numerically calculate, in this paper, the pressure and the densities (vapor and liquid) at the transition point of a lattice gas (having a square lattice type) for some ranges of temperature (or some values of x). Our values calculated from the molecular cluster method agree well with the exact values obtained by the matrix method. For small values of x (for example, x=0.3 or T⁄Tc=0.7321), the values of partition function are given as a function of q. The isotherm obtained from these values has the portion parallel to v-axis (corresponding to P=constant) and at both ends of this portion the derivatives of the isotherm are discontinuous. Furthermore, we show that the system in question has qualitatively the above properties also for larger values of x (x<xc).View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
Akira Sugiyama1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 460-464
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe formulae of the activation energy of a dislocation trapped in potential trough are solved by variational method, which relates closely to usual Lagrangean form in analytical dynamics. To compare them with the approximate solution of Cottrel’s, numerical calculations are carried out in the particular case where the anchored force is due to the interaction with Cottrel’s atmosphere. Consequently, the elegant agreement between the observed and Cottrel’s approximate solution is lost.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
Akio Yoshimori, Takeo Matsubara1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 465-471
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA method of treating the zero point vibration of a molecular crystal of lighter elements, in which the vibrational amplitude is fairly large but the anharmonicity is small, is described. This consists of employing the Ritz variational method, assuming the wave function of the same form as that for an assembly of harmonic oscillators. The correlation between the positions of the molecules can be taken into account to some extent by this method. Two approximate methods are employed; one is essentially the usual method of supposing a harmonic vibrational potential .and the other the method of supposing an anharmonic potential. Numerical calculations are carried out for solid neon, and reasonable results are obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (728K) -
Tomoyasu Tanaka1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 472-474
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSAn integral representation of the density matrix of a free rotator is obtained by the use of the Fourier transformation. The general term of the high temperature expansion for the partition function is also obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
Shiro Ogawa, Denjiro Watanabe1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 475-488
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe ordered state in the gold-copper alloy of the atomic ratio 1 to 1 was investigated by electron diffraction with well orientated thin films. Below 340°C the pattern corresponded with a tetragonal superlattice the c axis of which is distributed into three original cubic axes, while above 360°C sharp crosses appeared at some of the positions of superlattice reflection, being accompanied with subsidiary maxima, and at the same time regularly spaced satellites arose around normal reflections, especially, conspicuously around the incident beam position. The former phenomenon could be clearly interpreted by antiphase domains which occur in the tetragonal superlattice and which lead to the orthorhombic CuAu II structure, and the latter which was firstly found by this experiment proved that a definite expansion of lattice appears periodically in each boundary of antiphase domains, due to the asymmetrical distribution of gold and copper atoms at this place and to the tetragonality. Among the satellites around normal spots, only those around the direct spot are thought to be fundamental and those around the other normal spots arise from the secondary elastic scattering peculiar to electron diffraction and are the mere repetitions of the fundamental satellites. Thus, the lattice of CuAu II possesses the inherent defect of lattice which has hither-to been overlooked. The transitional region between CuAu II and the cubic phase in the equilibrium diagram was also studied, the composition of films being varied in the vicinity of 1 to 1, and it was concluded that the two phases surely coexist as in case of CoPt.View full abstractDownload PDF (3024K) -
Sukeaki Hosoya1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 489-495
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe statistics of the ternary alloy A2BC in the plane square or the b.c.c. lattice is investigated with the same schematic model as used in the usual theories on binary alloys. The calculation is made at the level of the Bragg-Williams approximation. The behaviours of the system are determined by two quantities v1=VCA⁄VBC and v2=VAB⁄VBC and by the sign of VBC, where Vij=(εii+εjj)⁄2−εij. (i and j stand for A, B or C; εij is the interaction energy between i- and j-atoms.) Four types of ordered states can appear: A(BC) type, (AB)(AC) type and other two intermediate types. They are all partly ordered states in which the Heusler type is not included, for only two sublattices can be distinguished under the present assumption. Which type appears is determined by v1, v2 values. The transition is always of the second kind. The contours of the transition temperature on the v1-v2 plane are parabolas, and those of the peak value of the specific heat are a pencil of the half infinite straight lines with the center at (3/4, 3/4). The latter contours have the maximum when VBC=0, that is, when the system reduces to the AB binary alloy. The segregation temperatures are calculated, without taking the ordering effect into account, in order to show that the order-disorder transition cannot realize at least for some v1, v2 values, being covered by segregation.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K) -
Tokutar\={o} Hirone, Seijir\={o} Maeda, Noboru Tsuya1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 496-499
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe thermomagnetic properties of iron selenides FeSex with various selenium contents x were measured as functions of temperature. The thermomagnetic curves obtained belong to the ordinary Weiss type. It was also found that the magnetization at the boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen increases with the selenium content, reaches its maximum value. 35 gauss, at x=1.23, and then decreases again with further increase of x. The Néel temperature was approximately 150°C in the range of x from 1 to 1.26 whereas it decreases gradually with further increase of x and approaches to its lowest value 30°C at x=1.35. The origin of the magnetization of this substance was discussed based on the theory of ferrimagnetism.View full abstractDownload PDF (564K) -
Tokutar\={o} Hirone, Seijir\={o} Maeda, Shu Chiba, Noboru Tsuya1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 500-502
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe measurements of specific heat was performed at the temperature range of β-transformation in iron sulfides with various sulfur contents x ranging from x=1 to x=1.12. A peak in specific heat versus temperature curve is found at 315°C, and this temperature as well as the jump in specific heat, 0.05 cal gr.−1 deg.−1 in value, is almost independent of sulfur contents. The mechanism of transformation is discussed, based upon the theory of ferrimagnetism, and it is concluded that the present experimental results accord well with the theoretical ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K) -
Tokutar\={o} Hirone, Seijir\={o} Maeda, Noboru Tsuya1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 503-506
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe specific heat of iron sulfides near stoichiometric composition from FeS1.00 to FeS1.07 at the temperature range of α-transformation was measured. It was found that the curves of specific heat versus temperature had a comparatively sharp Λ-shaped maximum. Both the temperature for such a maximum and the peak values of specific heat decreased with the increase of sulfur contents. It was also found that the heat absorption due to this transition also decreased with the increase of excess sulfur, its value being about 550 cal mol−1 at the stoichiometric compound, and vanishing at the composition FeS1.07. The several possible models for the mechanism of this transition are discussed taking into account the above experimental results.View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
Hideo Takaki, Yoji Nakamura1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 507-511
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSBy use of long single crystal rods of 0.7% and 1.8% silicon steel, having various crystallographic orientations, prepared by strain-anneal method magnetization and magnetostriction were measured at room temperature by usual ballistic and optical methods respectively. It was found that in both materials Kaya’s law with regard to the residual magnetization holds satisfactorily and on its basis their magnetostriction constants λ100 and λ111, and also their crystal anisotropy constants K1 were determined. Gradual decrease of these three constants with silicon content was confirmed.View full abstractDownload PDF (612K) -
K\={o}z\={o} Nonaka, Kazutake Kohra1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 512-520
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSPolished layers, the so-called Beilby layers, of Cu, Ni and Au are heated in vacuum or, for Ni, in hydrogen atmosphere, and the process of crystal growth is studied by electron diffraction and electron microscopy. The crystallization curves at various temperatures are also obtained. Above a certain temperature, for each metal, the crystallization goes on pretty rapidly: for instance, polished surfaces of Cu, Ni and Au crystallize in one hour at 60°C, 250°C and below 200°C, respectively. The crystallized surfaces consist mostly of Cu2O and of NiO for Cu and Ni surfaces respectively, and exclusively of metallic Au for Au surface. They are accompanied by weak fibre structures, which are more remarkable by the heating at lower temperatures. When the polished specimen of Ni is heated in hydrogen atmosphere, the number of the nuclei of crystallization is smaller than for specimens heated in vacuum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1540K) -
Yasumitsu Shimomura, Ichiro Tsubokawa, Morio Kojima1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 521-524
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSNickel oxides of high oxygen content formed by incomplete dissociation of nickel nitrate were investigated crystallographically and magnetically. The oxygen excess of these oxides ranges from zero to 0.2 gr. atom/mol., and their crystal structures are not essentially different from that of the ordinary nickel oxide. As they are not in a stable state, they have some curious but important behaviors. That is, with the degree of excess, they become to have a cubic structure the parameter of which is larger than that (a) of a rhombohedrally deformed one, and at sufficiently high oxygen contents they behave as something like a ferromagnetics. Such rather extraordinary phenomena may be considered to be originated from the fact that the oxygen excess in the specimens owes not only nickel vacancies but also the absolute excess of anions. In the measurements of susceptibility, the coincidency between the heating and cooling curves is very good for ferromagnetics-like oxides, while it is not for antiferromagnetic ones. There is also an evidence for the existence of antiferromagnetic cubic oxide at a temperature fairly lower than its Néel point.View full abstractDownload PDF (432K) -
Sukeaki Hosoya1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 524-530
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe rotational transition, which is found in some long-chain compounds, is discussed at the level of Bethe’s approximation, assuming that the rigid molecules occupy the rigid two-dimensional triangular lattice points, and that they can take only three orientations around their axes. Four kinds of interaction energies must be considered. The calculations are made concerning what values of interaction energies make the transition to the paraffin-typed arrangement possible, and concerning how the transition temperature depends on these energy values. Some reasonable results are obtained. At the same time, another type of the ordered arrangement is also investigated, in which all molecules take the same orientation.View full abstractDownload PDF (776K) -
Hideji Suzuki1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 531-540
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA theory of slip band formation in a face-centred cubic crystal was given introducing three concepts, the one was a Frank-Read source multiplying dislocations in successive atomic planes, the second was the co-operative action of Frank-Read sources, the third was the different distribution of dislocations in the vicinity of the free surface than that in the interior of the crystal. By means of the former two, about one thousand dislocations could be multiplied from each source under the critical shear stress of the source without any dynamical effects. The third enables us to illustrate the difference in the surface structures between abraded and unabraded crystals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1540K) -
Hazimu Kawamura, Hiroshi Ohkura, Takeo Kikuchi1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 541-545
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe statistical time lag of the dielectric breakdown were measured for mica, glass and KCl, applying the recurrent pulse voltage of 2×10−8∼1×10−7 sec width. For mica, the statistical time lag was as large as 10−4 sec at 10% over-voltage. On the other hand, it was at most less than 10−7 sec for glass and KCl at 10% over-voltage. Thus the “single avalanche mechanism” is favored for mica, since the occurrence of the extremely large avalanche which is responsible for the breakdown may rely on extreme fluctuation, and should be rare event at the threshold field. While, in the ease of KCl as well as glass, we may conclude that the “collective mechanism” is favored, from the fact that the statistical time lag is very short. From a rough estimation, we can conclude that the avalanche electrons become collective when their density becomes larger than 1018 l/cm3.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
Sanchi Mizushima1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 546-552
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThermal conductivity of crystals without defects is calculated on the approximation that the mutual collisions of phonons of the normal type occur far more frequently than the Umklapp collisions. The conductivity K for crystals at temperatures not too low below the characteristic temperature and above is expressed as,
K∼0.1\fracqa(U⁄V)QT,
where q is the sound velocity, a the lattice constant. U⁄V the cohesive energy per unit volume. T the absolute temperature and Q is a number of the order of unity introduced to take into account of the difference of the crystal structure. This formula fits fairly well to observed values for ionic crystals having NaCl type lattice and furthermore applies equally to the conductivity of liquids. In the latter case it is shown that the above formula is approximately identical with the well known formula proposed by Bridgman.View full abstractDownload PDF (928K) -
Masao Kotani, Eiichi Ishiguro, Katsunori Hijikata1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 553-557
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSCoulomb, exchange, and ionic integrals as well as one-electron integrals involving 2s and 2p Slater type atomic orbitals have been calculated for homopolar diatomic molecules. This work is the extention of the table of the same title (J. Phys. Soc. Japan 8, No. 4, 463 (1953)) for δR=7.50, 8.00 and 8.50. The Coulomb and one-electron integrals have been calculated up to 11.50.View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
Koichi Shimoda1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 558-567
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe practical accuracy of any atomic clock ever constructed has been much worse than theoretically expected. In this paper we examine the use of Zeeman and Faraday effects for the purpose of eliminating causes of errors discussed in article. I. The atomic or molecular system in a magnetic field violates the reciprocity theorem. A method is proposed and investigated to utilize the unreciprocal component of transmission characteristics of the absorption cell, though it proved to be not so useful as expected. And the character of a circular waveguide absorption cell in an axial magnetic field is treated in detail as an preparation for designing a high-precision atomic clock.View full abstractDownload PDF (1164K) -
Koichi Shimoda1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 567-575
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIn this paper the design and construction of a high precision atomic clock is described. The device effectively employs the Stark-, source- and Zeeman-modulation, and is free from the errors caused by reflections in the microwave line. The Zeeman splitting nearly equal to the line width is preferable. The preliminary result with one meter cell-length and an unsatisfactory Stark modulator has shown that the device is successful and the accuracy of 10−9 or better is obtainable. Measurements of the line width and the analysis are also given.View full abstractDownload PDF (1160K) -
S. R. Mohanty, J. Jayaraman, G. V. G. Krishna Rao1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 576-579
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe Joshi effect ±Δi has been studied in oxygen, in the visible, as a function of the applied potential V under electrodeless ‘sleeve’ excitation. The positive effect +Δi sets in well below the breakdown ‘threshold potential’ Vm, increases with V to a maximum at a limiting potential Vl near Vm, and decreases thereafter; it changes sign (to the negative effect −Δi) at an inversion potential Vi. Above Vi, −Δi increases with V. The initial increase in +Δi is the consequence of enhanced photoelectron emission due to diminution, under fields F, in the surface work function φ in proportion to \sqrtF. The subsequent diminution in +Δi and inversion are due to simultaneous occurrence of −Δi which sets in near Vm and increases rapidly with V.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K) -
Sumitada Asano1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 580-594
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe quenching and stimulation of phosphoresent brightness under infrared irradiation, and their spectral sensitivities about some ZnS doubly activated phosphors, have been investigated as well as the photocurrents induced simultaneously. A model is proposed which contains two types of electron traps, namely traps associated with emission levels at the activator and isolated traps. Theoretical calculations based on this model are compared to the experimental results for nonstationary behavior. The comparison shows that non-radiative transitions from the conduction band to the filled band, and so-called infrared-sensitive “quasi-direct transitions” from the associated traps to the activators become negligible a few minutes after the ceasing of ultraviolet excitation, and then the proposed theory becomes available exactly.View full abstractDownload PDF (2100K) -
Yuzuru Ooshika1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 594-602
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA theory of absorption spectra of dyes in solution is presented. The wave-number shift of the absorption maximum is calculated by using the perturbation theory, where the distribution of solvent molecules is assumed to be uniform, and the shift is represented by experimentally convenient quantities, such as the dielectric constant, the refractive index, and the absorption wave-length of the solvent. The solvent effects are classified into several groups, and the theory can explain the various experimental facts successfully. Previous theories are criticized.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K) -
Yukichi Ukita, Jumpei Tsujiuchi1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 602-604
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe authors calculated the wave aberrations of the slightly decentred lens system with the finite aperture. First a general formula was obtained for the wave aberrations of the decentred lens system, and then the problem was confined to the axial object point. In addition to the spherical aberration that had inherently existed before decentering, new aberrations were introduced. These new ones were the spherical aberration, coma and astigmatism, and of these three coma was the most effective, as the other two were the small quantities of higher order.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K) -
Ken-ichi Kusukawa1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 605-610
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIntroducing new variables the fundamental equation for compressible fluid flow in the hodograph space is reduced to a form similar to that for incompressible fluid flow.
Safely neglecting the variation of the shape of an obstacle caused by the transformation, we can obtain the velocity distribution on the surface of the obstacle for the case of compressible fluid flow from the corresponding distribution on the surface of the same obstacle for the case of incompressible fluid flow (which is known theoretically or experimentally), with the aid of the following relations:
q0=\frac2(1+a)1⁄a\left(\frac1+aμ1−aμ\ ight)1⁄2a\left(\frac1−μ1+μ\ ight)1⁄2,
μ=(1−q2⁄c2)1⁄2,a2=(γ−1)⁄(γ+1),
where q0, q, c and γ denote respectively the magnitudes of fluid velocity in incompressible and compressible fluid flows, the local speed of sound and the ratio of the specific heats.
As an example the velocity distributions on the surface of a prolate spheroid with thickness ratio t=0.1 are calculated for various Mach numbers and they are compared with the result obtained by the first approximation of the M2-expansion method.View full abstractDownload PDF (688K) -
Hidenori Hasimoto1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 611-619
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe motion of an incompressible viscous fluid generated by a cylinder of arbitrary cross-sectional form which is started to move suddenly from rest with uniform velocity in the direction of its length is considered. By using Laplace transform and complex variables, asymptotic expansion formulae in powers of a2⁄(νt) are derived for the velocity distribution (valid in the vicinity of the cylinder) and for the frictional drag on the cylinder, correct to the order of a2⁄(νt), where a is the characteristic length of the cross section, ν is the kinematic viscosity, and t is the time. These formulae are given in terms of only the analytic function which maps conformally the region outside the cross section of the cylinder onto the region outside the unit circle, and of certain integrals Enm(a⁄\sqrtνt) which are common to any arbitrary. cylinder. In particular, when a⁄\sqrtνt is sufficiently small, the total frictional drag on the cylinder per unit length is expressed as 4πμWE0(a⁄\sqrtνt)∼4πμW(β−1−γβ−2···), irrespective of the cross-sectional form, where β=−2[γ+log(a⁄\sqrt4νt)], and γ=0.5772··· (Euler’s constant).View full abstractDownload PDF (988K) -
Liquids with Positive Temperature Coefficients of Sound AbsorptionTadashi Kishimoto, Otohiko Nomoto1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 620-627
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSUltrasonic absorption coefficients have been determined for 12 organic liquids by the pulse technique in dependence of temperature (0°∼40°C). The frequency employed was 8.25 Mc/sec, 14.5 Mc/sec or 20.0 Mc/sec. The “frequency-independent” absorption α⁄ν2 (α: the absorption coefficient, ν: frequency) at 20°C are as follows (in units of 10−17 sec2/cm): benzene 838 carbon tetrachloride 510, chloroform 406, cyclohexane 503, ethylene chloride 184, chlorobenzene 141, nitrobenzene 86, hexane 80, heptane 55, toluene 94, xylene 81, benzylchloride (13°C) 75. All these liquids proved to have positive temperature coefficient of ultrasonic absorption in the temperature range of 0°∼40°C, the absorption increasing about 0.5∼0.6% per degree Toluene (1.06%/°C) and benzene (0.84%/°C) showed greater temperature coefficients of absorption and carbon tetrachloride and cyclohexane (ca. 0.27%/°C) showed lower values of temperature dependence than the other liquids. The chief mechanism of ultrasonic absorption in these liquids is attributed to the thermal relaxation of molecular vibrations, though the absorption due to viscosity amounts to 20% in some of the liquids. The relaxation times of vibrational energy have been computed for three of the liquids, giving β=3.64×10−10sec for benzene, 1.37×10−10sec for carbon tetrachloride and 1.51×10−10sec for chloroform at 20°C. The activation energy for the deactivation of molecular vibration are of the order of several hundred cal/mol at most for benzene, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform. The exact values of the relaxation time were not to be calculated for other liquids because of the lack of the molecular vibrational data, but they are of the order of 10−11sec. The activation energy is presumably smaller than several hundred cal/mol.View full abstractDownload PDF (1024K) -
Tadatosi Hibi, Takuji Ogawa1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 627-635
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSCrystal habit of magnesium oxide smokes was observed by using a magnetic electron microscope. Interference fringes appearing in crystals and the contour forms of crystals in images were observed in order to determine the twin plane and the orientation of the crystals. As the results it was found that there existed many crystals having (111) twin beside normal cubic one. Extraordinary crystals having particular cut section were observed and it was known that their cut sections may be perhaps (111) planes. It was also found that there were many interesting modes of connection of cubic magnesium oxide crystals.View full abstractDownload PDF (3464K) -
Hide Yoshioka1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 636-640
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIntensities of X-rays transmitted through crystals of calcite, topaz and pyrite at the settings of Bragg reflections were studied using a double crystal spectrometer. In the case of MoKα, transmission patterns have minima at Bragg angles. However, an asymmetry is noted in the patterns. In the case of CuKα, the transmission pattern through calcite has a large maximum near the Bragg angle accompanying a small minimum on the side of large glancing angles.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
The Use of Radioactive Isotope in a Study of Evolution of Strontium Oxide under Electron BombardmentShigetomo Yoshida, Nagao Shibata, Yoshitaka Igarashi, Hikaru Arata1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 640-641
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Yasaku Wada1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 641-642
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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Makoto Kikuchi, Yasuo Tarui1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 642-644
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Noboru Tsuya1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 644-645
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Kazuo Torizuka1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 645-646
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Ryukiti Robert Hasiguti, Gen-ichi Kamoshita1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 646-647
Published: 1954
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Kiyoshi Arakawa1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 647-648
Published: 1954
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Hisao Miyasawa, Suezo Sugaike1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 648-650
Published: 1954
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W. Sasaki, N. Sakamoto, M. Kuno1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 650
Published: 1954
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Kiyoshi Murakawa1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 651A
Published: 1954
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Kazuo Niira1954 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 651B
Published: 1954
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