The purpose of this study is extracting the principle of “somatic learning” explained by T. Hanna by examining his terminology. I also consider common viewpoints that illuminate the interrelation of various bodywork systems and then become clues for decoding their unique terminologies and learning systems. I was mainly concerned with a series of essays titled “What is Somatics?” by Hanna (1986-1988). I referred his terminology to neurobiology and the theories of neurocognitive rehabilitation.
I clarified that Hanna explains somatic learning as an activity expanding the range of volitional consciousness in contrast to conditioning, and also a way of releasing the involuntary restrictions of sensory-motor amnesia. He explains that, triggered by focusing one’s awareness on an area, the awareness facilitates the function of “synergy of sensory-motor system”, and the function makes the inactive motor-neuron of that area active. Hanna also states that sensing needs acting.
Based on Hanna’s ideas, the common viewpoints for comparing various bodywork systems are indicated as follows. (1) How to help students focus their awareness on the appropriate parts of soma? (2) How did the founders explain the function of synergy? (3) How can we keep students focused on awareness? With considering whole process of movement learning in general meaning, additional viewpoints are indicated: (4) How to make learners get accustomed to a movement. (5) Are the movements learned but ruined in cortical process, un-learned in the cortical process, or undeveloped in the core process?
As somatic scholars stated, Hanna’s idea is also not free from his cultural background and experience. His essay shows us a model of the conceptual flame for somatic learning. Somatic learning doesn’t have to mean specific movements or goals but is triggered by focusing awareness on an area, and choosing the way to move according to the sensation of synergy of feeling of comfortableness from within.

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This study aims to identify the structure of sports games in order to analyze soccer games. In the paper before last, we focused on the structure of "competition" as "play" to clarify the concept of "competition" which is the basis for the meaning of "bodily movement competitions (sports)". In doing this, we were able to formulate the function for this structure through the following comparative function.
On a condition of r, A = cf (a, b) = a > b, a = b, a < b
(where, r : rule, A : agōn, cf : comparative function,
a : contestant, b : opponent, > : win, = : draw, < : loss)
In the last paper, we clarified that "bodily movement related to competition" is provided for by four characteristics: usability, expression, acquisition, and reciprocity.
Our next topic is to consider the development and the optimization of human movement in sport. The human movement in sport has a certain relation with other elements such as rule, tactics, sense of values and others, while keeping the independence as the movement form. It has an original role and function under the relationship with other elements. When an element in the structure of sports builds the new relations with other elements, the sports accomplish a change and development in a true meaning. The creation of a new movement form to enable such the translation of the structure of sports is the development of human movement in sport.
In the using process and the learning process of the movement form, sports players come to cannot but acquire and use the form of the technique developed and made an object by an individual. However, they are promoted development of a new form of the technique by the decline of the value of the form of the technique occurring as a result of competition in the game and the decline of the value of players using it. But a form of the technique developed newly also cannot avoid the "alienation" in the using process and the learning process of such the movement form.
The concept of "Pareto optimum" clarifies that any movement form has the limit of the geometrical ambiguity (relation between both merits and demerits), as long as they have a definite form, a certain decided figure. However, this means a new movement form and other movement forms connect a new relation between both merits and demerits, and they have the possibility of further optimizing for more purposes.
Our future topic is the last aim of this study, to clarify the entirety of "bodily movement competitions (sports)" based on the results considered in our earlier papers.

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