Journal of the Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education
Online ISSN : 1884-4553
Print ISSN : 0915-5104
ISSN-L : 0915-5104
Volume 41, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
Special Lecture
Original Articles
  • -Eine Interpretation vom Simmels “Soziologie der Geselligkeit”-
    Futoshi KAMASAKI
    2020 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 101-113
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Das Ziel der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit ist es, von einem Standpunkt, der Simmel als Reformer in Deutschland in der Zeit der Jahrhundertwende zum 20. Jahrhundert auffasst, durch eine Interpretation seiner in den Verhandlungen des Ersten Deutschen Soziologentages veröffentlichten “Soziologie der Geselligkeit” die Bedeutungen und die Möglichkeiten der Geselligkeit im Sport aufzuzeigen.

    Die von Simmel beschriebene Welt der Geselligkeit ist ein Raum, in dem sich die Menschen mit einer Form der Rede als Selbstzweck vergnügen und gleichzeitig die ideale Welt eines demokratischen “Schattenreichs”, in der die Individuen sich nicht aneinander stoßen können, während sie von einem tiefen Verhältnis zur Wirklichkeit gespeist werden. Allerdings unterscheidet Simmel diese ideale Welt und die reale Welt klar voneinander. Der realen Welt wird die Tragik, dass der Einzelne für den Gesamtzusammenhang zu leben hat, sowie die Last der Sachforderungen einer modernen Gesellschaft aufgebürdet. Die Welt der Geselligkeit wird als ideale Welt fingiert, die sich von einer solchen realen Welt distanziert, aber gleichzeitig dadurch, dass sie die Verbindung zur realen Welt aufrechterhält, ein “Erlösen” von dem realen Leben sowie die “theōria” des Wesens der Realität ermöglicht.

    Falls man dieser Simmels Geselligkeitstheorie folgt, dann kann man die Bedeutungen und die Möglichkeiten der Geselligkeit im Sport unter anderem im Folgenden finden: in der Erlösung der Menschen von der Wirklichkeit, die sie mit einer Über- bzw. Unterlegenheit der sportlichen Fähigkeiten, Sieg und Niederlage im Wettkampf, ernsthaften Diskussionen über Leitungsfragen oder dem Erfolg bzw. Misserfolg bei Wahlen konfrontiert, sowie darin, dass die Geselligkeit die Menschen dazu veranlasst, sich der verschiedenen Probleme im Bereich des Sports bewusst zu werden, für die repräsentativ die übermäßige Industrialisierung steht.

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  • Shohei TAKAO
    2019 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 115-132
    Published: 2019
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    This paper aims to show the ethical relationship between coach and player which respects the otherness of player and to explain exchanges between them required to overcome the violence in the relationship. This paper approaches the above objective in the following manner. First, based on the ideas of Levinas, this paper draws out the general framework of the ethical relationship between coach and player. Second, this paper examines what the roots of the violence in sport coaching are, and then searches for the situation that is requested to form the ethical relationship between coach and player. Finally, to realize an ethical relationship that does not result in the violence, this paper identifies what exchanges should be taking place between coach and player concretely. From the above, the following points are clarified: (1) An ethical relationship between coach and player is the relationship that coach desires the otherness of the player, not one in which the coach subsumes the otherness under his/her own comprehension. (2) This ethical relationship should be requested in the situation when the ego-ideal possessed by the coach is facing a crisis. (3) The ethic for overcoming violence is realized by the exchanges that player as a person speaks to coach, then coach puts the ego-ideal in question and seeks to a new path on sport coaching from receiving the language spoken by player. Therefore, according to this paper, what is called for overcoming the violence is the establishment of a relationship in which coach desires the language of player as the other, in the situation when coach’s ego-ideal is facing a crisis.

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  • Futoshi KAMASAKI
    2019 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 133-146
    Published: 2019
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Research in Japan to date that has analyzed sport from the perspective of Simmel's theory of competition understands the theory as supportive of only the positive meaning of competition in sport. However, Simmel had a keen appreciation of the issues of modern society and addressed matters incidental to actual competition.

    Contemporary society differs from Gemeinschaft(traditional local communities) with their fixed interpersonal relationships, and from the system of slavery, in which people were owned as if machines. While people now possess a sense of inalienable personhood, interaction between them has become shallower. Simmel saw competition in Gesellschaft(modern society) as effectively providing opportunities for people to bond.

    For example, an essential element of sport is its ability to excite large numbers of people. As such, it bonds not only coaches and players, players within a team, and competing teams, but, by involving “the advantage of a third person”, creates a bond between all involved in competition and the masses, too. Yet, at the same time, this type of competition inverts the respective positions of the expert and the masses, making it more likely that a young pitcher, for example, may ignore the warnings of the experts and, in deference to public demand, waste his or her talent at national tournaments by pitching incessantly.

    This paper attempts to clarify the social significance of sporting competition in Gesellschaft (modern society) from the perspective of such amphibolousness in the positives and negatives of competition.

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