The purpose of this study is to clarify the validity of taking a physical view as a learning content of physical education. To exist as a subject, it will be necessary to clarify the educational significance that is not just a movement but a formal lesson. For that purpose, it is necessary to consider how to guide the learner's body in physical education. In order for learners to grasp their bodies that cannot be separated for their lifetime, it is considered necessary to focus on the development of a view of the body as the learning content that physical education plays.

The view of the body can be said to be the way of seeing the body and the way of understanding the body. In other words, for <me>, asking what is the body is the training of the view of the body. Developing a view of the body involves asking what is the body for <me> and at the same time asking what is <I>. The development of a view of the body becomes possible through exercise practice, and the process in which the learner continues to seek his or her own view of the body is important. For <me>, fostering a view of the body asking "what is the body" can be a universal educational content of physical education that does not change with the times and regions as a reasonable educational significance.

In addition, the study in this study is considered as the ground for thinking about learning in the "expression activity and dance" area. That is, if the body view can be the learning content in physical education, it is possible to propose a learning content in a “expression activity and dance” area different from before.

The purpose of this paper is to examine sport ethics, especially the ethical and moral issues of sport players, based on Kant's ethics. First, we will start by asking the validity of the interpretation of Kant's ethics, which has been done in the field of sport ethics up to now, that is, the establishment of the "universal law" made by absolute gaze. This is because in Kant's ethics, the most important point is the internal principle of the person. Among the internal principles, paying attention to “ungern”, we examine the moral goodness in the practice of sport players along with the effect of the internal principles of Kant's ethics.

As a result of examining from these viewpoints, it is suggested that the location of “ungern” is important in the internal principle of sport players in facing ethical problems.

In modern sports there are many phenomena which cannot be explained from the perspective of competition against others and the criteria that distinguish between victory and defeat. This paper will refer to these phenomena that require a philosophical explanation as 'victory in competition against oneself' (VICAO). Based on competition against oneself, this paper aims to identify VICAO by using the example of Son Yeon-Jae from three perspectives (what, how, why), which are the starting points of philosophy. This paper approaches the objective in the following manners: first, the concept of competition against oneself will be reviewed based on the works of Carolyn E. Thomas, John W. Loy, and Leslie A. Howe; second, based on the works of Paul Weiss, and Thomas, this paper identifies what records and performance are; third, this paper identifies what VICAO is based on Howe's first level of competition against oneself, which can apply to the concept of excellence; lastly, using a particular assumption, this paper identifies how one can achieve VICAO and why one counts oneself as having won a victory in VICAO. Through these processes, the following points are clarified:(1) records and performance can be considered excellence through a comparison with oneself based on self-improvement;(2) the victory by Son Yeon-Jae is VICAO defined by herself based on having achieved physical excellence;(3) for athletes, the necessary condition for VICAO is to affirm the process and means by obeying constitutive rules, and the reason why one can count oneself as having won a victory in VICAO is that they can affirm themself, based on the premise that they achieved excellence by obeying constitutive rules as an internal struggle. From the information stated above, this paper will suggest the significance of VICAO as a possible alternative to the inherent tendency in modern sports to win in competition against others at any cost.

The purpose of this study is to obtain the theoretical background that the words uttered by the coach changes to different impressions to the learner, and the methodological suggestions to restore the usefulness of the words. In this study, we applied Shklovsky's linguistic theory, and focused on the "image-evoking ability”. The language used in coaching situations where the "image-evoking ability" is getting lost is that the learner's perception of the image of the action producing the result from the phonetic aspect of the language is getting reduced. In this study, we examined the language based on the concept of "defamiliarization" as a way to restore the "image-evoking ability" of the language used in coaching situations. The concept of "defamiliarization" was confirmed to be a method of restoring the “image-evoking ability” of words by using unusual and difficult expressions, and we examined in coaching situations. As a result, as a method for learners to more strongly perceive the image of the word the change in the linguistic expression by the coach was proposed. This would be a way to restore the usefulness of the words uttered by the coach. This perspective suggests that the external action of the coach may cause the internal change of the learner. It is considered that the above views provide one perspective on the theory about the language in the coaching situations.