This paper analyzes the development process of the pearl farming industry from a viewpoint of individual management, that is, capital and funds, use of patents, securing and utilization of culturing grounds, technology, culturing work and labor, management of the body. History of Oomurawan Shinju Corp. (1907-1944) used as examples is partition into for stages. At the incunabula of the pearl farming, the company started to breed the oyster and to inquiry into pearl farming. After the incidental dying in 1917, the company introduced the authoritative surgery. However, business fell into a slump due to the drop in prices and the reduction in the scale of production. In the Showa Era, further natural disasters and economic recession plunged the company into crisis. Under the wartime, the company lost its sales market and went bankrupt with a large amount of debt.

The Marine Eco-label Japan Council, MEL, which certifies fishery and aquaculture producers responsible for the sustainable use of fisheries resources and their management, as well as processing and distribution businesses that handle marine products. The MEL for aquaculture has at least two types of certifications- individual and group (or collective). Aquaculturists certified with MEL has increased in number due to a wide spread of the group type. This paper purposes to clarify the development of aquaculture certification, and to identify the peculiarities of organization and activities of two groups in Western Japan. A processing and distribution company in Ehime Prefecture acts as the group secretariat, the same way as does a fishery cooperative association (FCA) in Hiroshima Prefecture. Whatever the type, the group secretariats prepare required documents and supports the group members to ensure proper production in accordance with the MEL standards. Although it may be difficult for individual aquaculturists to apply, both the company and FCA play a significant role in their applying for MEL responding in line with the food chain.

This paper aims to investigate aspects required for the players’ business of wholesale markets in consumption areas, in also consideration of a fundamental reform on the Wholesale Market Law. We examined the followings: summarizing the main points of and the players’ action responded to, the policy change such as the law reform; clarifying a position and channel evaluation of wholesale market trading for users like shippers and retailers, based on the factor analysis with questionnaire surveys; considering a key point for players, especially wholesalers, to strengthen a value of their presence. It is clarified that users highly perceive wholesale markets as a superior channel to reduce their trading risk.

Although B-to-C-EC is seen as a first-aid to fishermen's management during the COVID-19 pandemic, no detailed study has been conducted on its impact. In this report, we attempt a quantitative analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fishermen's sales, focusing on the "Pocket Marche" Direct-to-Consumer EC service.Interviews and regression analysis of sales data were conducted for the aquaculture fishery, small-scale coastal fishery, and pelagic tuna longline fishery. The results confirmed that the decrease in human flow, the State of emergency, and the government's free shipping program had a positive impact on sales, at least in the initial period. Other effects were also observed in the media's dissemination of information related to supportive consumption.

This study aimed to elucidate structures of the community-based management of coastal fisheries in Esashi, Hokkaido, the survey was carried out on kelp fishery, sea cucumber fishery and octopus fishery, based on the common fishery right. As a result, it revealed that organizational and institutional management structures of their fisheries. Especially, sea cucumber fishery and octopus fishery are strictly controlled by the regulation and the agreement as independent management institutions. In addition, there are two patterns in the octopus fishery, based on the fishing right or license. The agreement controls not only that based on the fishery right but also that based on the fishery license, it suggested that the agreement produces effects of eliminating inequality and preventing conflicts.

Japan's commercial whaling was reunited in 2019, and many citizens had high hopes that they would be able to eat delicious, cheap whale meat. The reality, however, is far from what was hoped for in terms of catch numbers, declining production, and rising prices. Why is this situation happening? Looking back at the changes in the distribution, price, and consumption of whale meat all the way back to past commercial whaling, we find that although the production volume is declining, the price of whale meat is still very high. On the other hand, there is a risk that the current sales promotion aimed at the wealthy class will end the culture of eating whales among the younger generation.