Journal of Radiation Research

A New Method of Measurement of Absorption Dose Rate from Terrestrial Background Radiation

Hironobu WATANABE

1961 Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 61-67
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.2.61

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This report is describing a new method for calculation of absorption dose rate the author has undertaken with satisfactory results, involving a spectrometric method using plastic scintillator for the measurement of radioactivity in soil samples and a method of absorption dose calculation and the absorption dose rate values of specific soil samples in various districts of Japan. This also is summarizing the exposure dose rate values calculated from gamma-ray spectra taken by the Nal (T1) crystal detector.

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The X-Ray Dose Absorbed by Soft Tissue Near a Bone

Masanao HOSOE

1961 Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 68-84
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.2.68

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A method of measuring the distribution of absorption dose of X-ray near a plane boundary of two kinds of medium is presented, and it is applied to the measurement of the dose distribution in soft tissue adjoining to bone. R, the ratio of D₀ (the dose absorbed by soft tissue immediately adjoining to bone) to D_∞ (the dose absorbed by soft tissue away from bone) was determined experimentally by this method and was compared with theory which is based on the Bragg-Gray cavity principle. This theory gives the same value for R as the theory of Spiers. The comparison with experiment showed that the both theories which do not take into consideration the difference of electron scattering in different kinds of medium could not interpret the actual dose distribution near a boundary of two mediums.

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Characteristics in Abnormalities Observed in Atom-bombed Survivors

Tando MISAO, Kenichi HATTORI, Mitsuru SHIRAKAWA, Masaaki SUGA, Nobuya ...

1961 Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 85-97
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.2.85

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Physical and psychosomatic examinations were performed on 356 A-bombed survivors during a period of 4 years from 1955 to 1959.
In somatic aspects, 172 of 356 survivors complained fatigue and vertigo, etc., 118 of whom having had no corresponding causes. There was no significant change in the blood and bone marrow but a trend of higher incidence of either anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or their combination particularly in those who were exposed at a small distance from the hypocenter.
In psychosomatic aspects, almost all the survivors have had some complaints such as anxiety, hopelessness of their lives, fear of A-bomb effects on their descendants, etc. Bodily complaints seemed to come from neurotic basis, because the Cornell Medical Index Health Questionaires indicated that the survivors showed higher incidence of neurotics than did both the controls (clerk groups) and out-patients with organic disorders. Since the information of sequelae of A-bomb disease, which have been main cause of their anxiety, has come mainly from mass communication (67%) and partially from physicians (21%), it should be emphasized that both mass communication sources and physicians must be very cautious in describing the sequelae of disease.

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Biophysical Interpretation on the Biological Actions of Radiations (II) (On the Examples of the Type-Analysis of the Dose-Survival and the Dose-Effect Curves)

Yasushi NISHIWAKI

1961 Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 98-123
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.2.98

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Based upon the discussion on the analysis of the metabolic switching circuit function with the symbolic logic or Boolean algebra and the multi-target theory described in the previous paper, some of the examples of the type-analysis of the dose-survival curves of E. coli and phages and the theoretical discussions on the dose-effect or dosemutation curves are introduced in this paper. The delayed expression of mutation, photoreactivation or photoreversal of mutation, and the phenomena that the mutation rate among the survivors increases first with the increase of the dose of radiation but reaches a peak or plateau and sometimes begins to decrease are also discussed.
From the exponent of e in the hit functions the average size of the unit particles or target switches may be estimated. In case of the inactivation of E. coli or phages by X-rays, the size of the unit particles appears to approach close to that of the macromolecule of DNA with the reduction of the effective action field of radiation, while in case of the ultraviolet light, some smaller unit equivalent to about 1-20 nucleotides appears to be playing a role of primary importance. Although it appears to be smaller with the radioresistant strain than with the radiosensitive, the size of the unit particle for the ultraviolet light of wavelength 2537 Å appears to be equivalent to about 10-20 nucleotides with the radiosensitive strain and with the correction for the attenuation factor inside the cell.

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Spermatogenesis of Rats Injected with Radioactive Cesium 137

Takashi KITABATAKE

1961 Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 124-130
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.2.124

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Solution of radioactive cesium, ¹³⁷Cs, was injected to rats intraperitoneally, and the quantitative examination was made on its spermatogenesis. For making calculation simply and getting conclusion clearly, Germ Cell Tubulus Ratio or shortly Germ Cell Ratio method was used. Germ Cell Ratio is the proportion of the seminiferous tubules having spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and sperm cells to all seminiferous tubules on the same section of the testis. After the administration of 5, 50, and 200 micro-curies of ¹³⁷Cs animals were sacrified with elapsed time. The germ cell ratio of each type of germ cells appeared significantly decreased, particularly in the 200-microcuries-injected group. Even in the 5-micro-curies-injected animals, diminution of the germ cell ratio of each type of germ cells was slight but statistically significant with exception of the sperm cells which kept the stationary level of about 90 to 100 per cent throughout observation. According to our estimation, the animals in this 5-microcuries-group received radiation dose of only less than 10 rad by internally administered ¹³⁷Cs.

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On the Incidence of Leukemias in Hiroshima During the Past Fifteen Years from 1946 to 1960

Susumu WATANABE

1961 Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 131-140
Published: September 01, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.2.131

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