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Volume 20 (1979)
- Issue 4 Pages 259-
- Issue 3 Pages 225-
- Issue 2 Pages 137-
- Issue 1 Pages 68-
Volume 20, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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A. W. T. KONINGS1979 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 259-263
Published: December 31, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMice were whole body X-irradiated with different doses and different dose-rates. Directly hereafter lipid peroxidation capacity of the liver membranes was measured. The lag phase prior to rapid peroxidation was clearly shortened at higher doses and also at lower dose rates when the same dose was applied. The dose-rate effects were found at dose-rates less than 1-1.5 Gy/min. With a dose-rate as low as 0.2 Gy/min radiation effects on the liver with doses of 7.5 Gy could be found. The significance of these findings for cell survival after irradiation is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (191K) -
M. YAMAMOTO, M. MATSUI, S. IGARASHI, M. YOSHIOKA, H. HAYAKAWA, T. KITA ...1979 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 264-275
Published: December 31, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentrations of 239Pu and 137Cs due to fall-out, and 60Co originating from the nuclear power reactor in the sediments sampled at Urazoko Bay, Fukui Pref., Japan, were determined and their correlation with the particle size or the amount of glycerol adsorbed on the sediments as a measure of surface area of the sediment particles were examined. By the size segregation of sediment, the contents of 239Pu, 137Cs and 60Co were found to reach to the highest value in the fraction below 37 μm in diameter. The concentrations of these radionuclides for each size fraction were directly proportional to the amount of glycerol adsorbed on the sediment particles. Based on these facts, the normalization of the concentration of these artificial radionuclides by the amount of adsorbed glycerol was attempted. For the fraction below 0.5 mm in diameter of various sediments collected at around Urazoko Bay during 1975-1977. It was confirmed that the contents of 239Pu and 137Cs per unit amount of adsorbed glycerol were nearly constant, respectively. Furthermore, the pollution characteristics of 60Co in the sediments, such as the distribution and the accumulation, was clearly estimated by using such normalization.View full abstractDownload PDF (504K) -
OSAMU YAMAMOTO1979 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 276-283
Published: December 31, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBinding of 4NQO to various kinds of enzymes or proteins was studied. Each one of proteins was mixed with 4NQO in 0.4 mM NaHCO3 solution and eluted through Ultrogel AcA 22 column. Radioactivity of 14C-labeled 4NQO found in protein fraction was measured. 4NQO bound hardly to polyglutamic acid and polyaspertic acid, somewhat to serum albumin, insulin, trypsin, RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase, and markedly to urease which is an SH enzyme. Lactate dehydrogenase, one of SH enzymes, aggregated with 4NQO. The binding of SH enzyme with the N-oxide would be attributable to a noncovalent binding such as ⟩N-O---H-S-, because 4NQO-urease binding yield markedly decreased in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate or cysteine, and also 4NQO-bound urease released 4NQO by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate.View full abstractDownload PDF (280K) -
F. SATO, I. HIGUTI1979 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 284-290
Published: December 31, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEstimates of the somatic risk of radiation exposure have mainly been based on the incidence of fatal cancers. An improvement on the estimates of the risk will be made by taking mean ages at deaths into consideration in addition to the incidence of cancer. The authors report on an index of contribution of each cause of death to life shortening. The index is the sum of three terms. The first term indicates a contribution of change in incidence and the second term indicates that of changes in mean age at death from the cause of death in question. The last term is an interaction term of the two factors mentioned above. If a radiation exposure increases incidence of a cause of death and shortens the mean age at death from the cause of death, the index gives a large positive value. On the other hand, an increase in incidence of a late occurring cause of death will bring about a small positive or sometimes negative value for the index. The index proposed here will be promising in estimating risks by ionizing radiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (250K) -
YUICHIRO KIMURA, YOSHIHIDE HONDA, KOSUKE KATSURAYAMA1979 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 291-306
Published: December 31, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe uptake and elimination of radiocobalt in organic complexed and ionic forms by mussel, Mytilisepta virgatus were studied under laboratory conditions. The 57Co-trisglycinato complex and 60Co in CoCl2 were used as tracers for organic complexed and ionic cobalt, respectively. The physico-chemical characteristics of both the radiocobalt in rearing waters were also investigated. Most of the cobalt, not only ionic but also organic complexed are of quite soluble form in seawater. The dominant species in ionic 60Co was cationic, while that in 57Co-trisglycinato complex was almost neutral. Neither 57Co-trisglycinato complex nor ionic 60Co in seawater was adsorbed on Amberlite XAD-2 resin, however, ionic 60Co was adsorbed slightly on activated carbon and much more adsorption was observed for 57Co-trisglycinato complex.
The rates of uptake, the turnover rates and the concentration factors for 57Co-trisglycinato complex in both the soft parts and the shell of mussel were smaller than those in ionic 60Co from the analysis based on an exponential model. In the uptake experiments, the exchanged cobalt in the soft parts of mussel could be calculated to be 0.26% for 57Co-trisglycinato complex and 1.93% for ionic 60Co at the equilibrium state, respectively. The whole-body elimination curves of both the radiocobalt at least consisted of the initial short component and the following long one. The elimination of 57Co-trisglycinato complex was larger than that of ionic 60Co. Mass balance calculations at the conclusion of the uptake experiments showed a remarkable difference in the distribution between the radiocobalt in 57Co-trisglycinato complex and ionic 60Co in the systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (634K) -
MASANORI OTAKE1979 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 307-321
Published: December 31, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe quantitative relationship of the frequency of cells with radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in peripheral leukocytes in atomic bomb survivors has been evaluated as a function of gamma and neutron doses. Three different models have been examined; each assumes a linear or a non-linear response to gamma rays and a linear-response to neutrons. From the standpoint of the goodness of fit of these models, the model which “best” fits the data on the frequency of cells with radiation-induced chromosome aberrations is the exponit model, where the frequency of aberrant cells increases exponentially with dose.
The goodness of fit for this model shows the frequencies of cells with any chromosome aberration or an exchange aberration to be dependent cubically on the gamma ray dose and linearly on the neutron dose. The result derived from the frequency of aberrant cells gives a conservative dose-response relationship. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of neutrons for frequency of cells with any chromosome aberration is calculated to be 13 at 30 rad of neutrons, 6 at 100 rad, 3 at 300 rad and so on.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
V. C. SHAH, P. K. GADHIA1979 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 322-328
Published: December 31, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of total body γ-irradiation with sub-lethal dose (300 rad) on three lysosomal enzymes namely acid phosphatase, ribonuclease-II and deoxyribonuclease-II have been studied in pigeons. Liver, kidney and spleen were the tissues studied at different intervals like 1-h., 24-h, 48-h, and 72-h of irradiation. The specific activities (‘crude’ fraction) of acid phosphatase and ribonuclease-II increased significantly in spleen and liver at 48-h of irradiation. The activity of deoxyribonuclease-II in liver and spleen was increased only at 72-h post-irradiation. On the other hand, the total activities of three lysosomal enzymes did not show remarkable change throughout 72-h of irradiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K) -
M. L. GUPTA, R. P. SINGH, P. UMA DEVI1979 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 329-337
Published: December 31, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe adult Swiss albino mice were treated with 5 μCi/g body weight of tritiated water (HTO) in the presence (experimental group) and absence (control group) of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG). The liver was studied at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the HTO treatment. The percentage of binucleate cells and abnormal hepatic nuclei was also calculated. In the control animals the hepatic damage was pronounced and the recovery was delayed as compared with experimental animals, and the increase in percentage of binucleate cells and abnormal nuclei was also more remarkable in the control animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (841K) -
T. UEDA, M. NAKAHARA, T. ISHII, Y. SUZUKI, H. SUZUKI1979 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 338-342
Published: December 31, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the estimation of internal radiation to human beings, the amounts of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Cs in 5 species of marine cephalopods were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and neutron activation analysis, and then the concentration factors were calculated. The average amount and the concentration factor of the elements in the edible parts (mantle, arms and tentacles) of cephalopods are as follows: 0.14mg, 2×102 for Mn, 1.8mg, 2×102 for Fe, 2.0mg, 7×102 for Cu, 12.2mg, 1×103 for Zn, 5.3μg, 6×101 for Co and 3.4μg, 7 for Cs. The amounts of Fe, Co, Cu and Zn in the liver and the branchial heart were much higher than those in the edible parts, although those of Cs and Mn were almost the same. The Co content in the visceral organs of O. vulgaris showed extremely high value, particularly in the branchial heart.View full abstractDownload PDF (226K)
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