Journal of Radiation Research

¹³⁷Cs in Urine of Tourists Who Visited Kiev Late in April, 1986. —Estimation of the Intake of ¹³⁷Cs and ²³⁹Pu Due to the Nuclear Reactor Accident—

TERUHISA WATABE, KOHKI SUGAWARA

1987 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 141-149
Published: June 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.28.141

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Gamma-ray spectrometry analysis was made of urine samples from 43 tourists who had visited Kiev late in April, 1986. Seven of 43 samples contained significant amounts of ¹³⁷Cs ranging in concentration from 0.14 to 0.40 pCi/ml along with other fission products. The initial intake of ¹³⁷Cs was estimated to be 50 to 230 nCi, which would result in a rise of the level of ¹³⁷Cs retention up to two orders of magnitude.
Tourists'' baggage was also submitted to gamma-ray spectrometry analysis at NIRS^*. The results suggested the presence of ²³⁹Np in air in Kiev and the possibility of the inhalation of its daughter nuclides by tourists. The intake of ²³⁹Pu was estimated to be 220 to 1400 pCi from each estimated value of the ²³⁹Pu/ 239Np radioactivity ratio in the fuel, the 239Np/ ¹³⁷Cs ratio in air and the ¹³⁷Cs body burden.

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Early Skin Reaction Following 250 MeV Proton Peak Irradiation

HIDEO TATSUZAKI, TETSUO INADA, TAKESHI SHIMIZU, TAKURO ARIMOTO, SHINIC ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 150-155
Published: June 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.28.150

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Early skin reactions were observed on mouse legs irradiated in the spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) of a 250MeV proton beam, and the unmodified Bragg peak of that beam, or 290kVp X-rays. The fifty percent moist desquamation doses for the proton SOBP, proton peak, and for X-rays were 29.7Gy, 24.5 Gy, and 21.9Gy, respectively. The Bragg peak caused more severe early skin reactions than did SOBP.

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Lung Cancer Incidence among Japanese A-Bomb Survivors, 1950-80

TSUTOMU YAMAMOTO, KENNETH J. KOPECKY, TOSHIO FUJIKURA, SHOJI TOKUOKA, ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 156-171
Published: June 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.28.156

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The incidence of lung cancer during 1950-80 in a cohort of Japanese A-bomb survivors and controls was investigated. A total of 1, 057 cases were identified; 608 of these diagnoses were based on histopathological examination, and 442 were confirmed by the present investigators. The distributions of histologic types varied significantly between the sexes (p < .001), with adenocarcinoma more frequent among women and epidermoid and small cell carcinoma more frequent among men. The distributions of primary sites did not differ significantly between the sexes. The relative risk (RR) of lung cancer increased significantly with A-bomb radiation dose (p < .0001): based on tentative 1965 dose estimates as revised in 1978 (T65DR) and a linear RR model, the estimated RR at 100 rad (±s.e.) is 1.41 ± 0.09. Among Hiroshima survivors the women experienced radiation-related excess RR nearly twice as great as men (p = .06). RR increased with decreasing age at the time of bombing (ATB; p = .07), and after allowing for this effect, there was no significant evidence that RR varied systematically with attained age. Small cell carcinoma displayed somewhat greater sensitivity to radiation than did adenocarcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma; however the variation between the histology-specific RR functions was not statistically significant (p = .44).

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RNA Synthesis during Germination of UV-irradiated Dictyostelium discoideum Spores

KUMIO OKAICHI

1987 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 172-185
Published: June 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.28.172

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UV irradiation to the spores of Dictyostelium discoideum NC4 resulted in a more prolonged delay of amoeba-emergence from swollen spores with increasing UV fluence. During the germination, an inhibition of total RNA synthesis and a shift of stage of maximum RNA synthesis to the later period were observed. The maximum poly(A)⁺ RNA synthetic activity was found on an early stage of amoeba-emergence prior about 1 h to the beginning of rRNA synthesis in unirradiated spore germination; but, in UV-irradiated spore germination, the stage of maximum poly(A)⁺ RNA synthesis shifted to the later stage of germination with increasing UV fluence. A decreased synthesis of poly(A)⁺ RNA and a severe inhibition of rRNA synthesis were observed on UV-irradiated and germinated spores, but no significant inhibition of 4-5 S RNA synthesis was detected. Actinomycin D suppressed almost completely the rRNA synthesis of emerged amoebae but the drug apparently did not affect the emergence of amoebae at any stage of germination. It was postulated that the delay of amoeba-emergence in UV-irradiated spore must be mainly due to the shift of the stage of maximum synthesis of poly(A)⁺ RNA to the later stage of germination.

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Circadian Variation in Lung Tumor Induction with X-rays in Mice

DAIJI ENDOH, AKIKO SUZUKI, MIKINORI KUWABARA, HIROSHI SATOH, FUMIAKI S ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 186-189
Published: June 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.28.186

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