Journal of Radiation Research
Online ISSN : 1349-9157
Print ISSN : 0449-3060
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Volume 43, Issue 4
Displaying 1-37 of 37 articles from this issue
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Regular Papers
  • Tumorigenesis in Infant C3H/HeN Mice Exposed to Tritiated Water (HTO)
    HONG YIN, DILIP BHATTACHARJEE, GOUTUM ROY, NARIAKI FUJIMOTO, TAMAKI NA ...
    Article type: Regular papers
    2002 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 345-351
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.43.345
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this study was to determine the carcinogenicity and retention of tritiated water (HTO) in mice. A two-part study was undertaken. In an HTO-incorporation study, both sexes of 12-day old C3H/HeN mice were i.p. injected with 3.70 MBq/pup of HTO and sacrificed 3 hr and 1, 3, 7, 14 days after HTO administration; in a carcinogenicity study, pups were given a single i.p. injection of HTO at doses of 0, 0.23, 0.92 and 3.70 MBq/mouse, and then observed for 14 months. The survival rates of both sexes slightly decreased upon increasing the HTO administered doses. The results indicated that the administration of HTO to infants led to a significant increase of liver tumors in male mice, but not in females. In female mice, ovarian tumors were observed for the high-dose group of injected HTO.
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  • p53 Dependency of Radio-adaptive Responses in Endogenous Spleen Colonies and Peripheral Blood-cell Counts in C57BL Mice
    KIYOHITO HORIE, KIHEI KUBO, MORIO YONEZAWA
    Article type: Regular papers
    2002 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 353-360
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.43.353
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    Radio-adaptive responses at a conditioning X-ray dose of 0.45 Gy and a challenging dose of 5.0 Gy on hematopoietic indices were studied in C57BL mice with p53 (Trp53) wild, heterogenous and knockout allele. The conditioning irradiation, given 2 weeks before the challenging irradiation, induced radio-adaptive responses observed as a recovery of the peripheral blood-cell counts of leukocytes, thrombocytes and erythrocytes on day 14 after challenging irradiation in C57BL mice of the wild-type p53(+/+). The pre-irradiation also increased the endogenous spleen colonies (endo-CFU-S) on day 12 and the spleen weight on day 14. On the contrary, the knockout p53(-/-) mice gave no such radio-adaptive response. The heterogenous p53(+/-) mice gave an intermediate response. The radio-adaptive response in hematopoiesis at a challenge dose of 5.0 Gy seems to be a p53-dependent phenomenon. The possible role of induction in radio-resistance through the reduction of p53-drived apoptosis in hematopoietic stem cells in pre-irradiated mice is discussed.
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  • High-dose Antibiotic Therapy Is Superior to a 3-Drug Combination of Prostanoids and Lipid A Derivative in Protecting Irradiated Canines
    K. SREE KUMAR, V. SRINIVASAN, RAYMOND E. TOLES, VENITA L. MINER, WILLI ...
    Article type: Regular papers
    2002 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 361-370
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.43.361
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    There is an urgent need to develop non-toxic radioprotectors. We tested the efficacy of a 3-drug combination (3-DC) of iloprost, misoprostol, and 3D-MPL (3-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A) and the effects of postirradiation clinical support with high doses of antibiotics and blood transfusion. Canines were given 3-DC or the vehicle and exposed to 3.4 Gy or 4.1 Gy of 60Co radiation. Canines irradiated at 4.1 Gy were also given clinical support, which consisted of blood transfusion and antibiotics (gentamicin, and cefoxitin or cephalexin). Peripheral blood cell profile and 60-day survival were used as indices of protection. At 3.4 Gy, 3-DC-or vehicle-treated canines without postirradiation clinical support survived only for 10 to 12 days. Fifty percent of the canines treated with 3-DC or vehicle and provided postirradiation clinical support survived 4.1-Gy irradiation. Survival of canines treated with vehicle before irradiation significantly correlated with postirradiation antibiotic treatments, but not with blood transfusion. The recovery profile of peripheral blood cells in 4.1 Gy-irradiated canines treated with vehicle and antibiotics was better than drug-treated canines. These results indicate that therapy with high doses of intramuscular aminoglycoside antibiotic (gentamicin) and an oral cephalosporin (cephalexin) enhanced survival of irradiated canines. Although blood transfusion correlated with survival of 3-DC treated canines, there were no additional survivors with 3-DC treated canines than the controls.
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  • The Relationship between Internally Deposited Alpha-particle Radiation and Subsite-specific Liver Cancer and Liver Cirrhosis: an Analysis of Published Data
    GERALD B. SHARP
    Article type: Regular papers
    2002 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 371-380
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.43.371
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Chronic exposure to high LET radiation has been shown to cause liver cancer in humans based on studies of patients who received Thorotrast, a colloidal suspension of thorium dioxide formerly used as a radiological contrast agent, and on studies of Russian nuclear weapons workers exposed to internally ingested plutonium. Risk estimates for these exposures and specific subtypes of liver cancer have not been previously reported. Combining published data with tumor registry data pertinent to the Thorotrast cohorts in Germany, Denmark, Portugal, and Japan and to Russian workers, we generally found significantly elevated risks of three major histologic types of liver tumors: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CC), and hemangiosarcoma (HS) for Thorotrast exposures. In contrast, HS was the only liver tumor significantly associated with the lower α-particle doses experienced by the Russian workers.
    Excess cases per 1,000 persons exposed to Thorotrast were similar for the three liver cancer subtypes but lower for plutonium exposure. Odds ratios (OR) of HS and CC for Thorotrast were from 26 to 789 and from 1 to 31 times higher than those for HCC, respectively. ORs of liver cirrhosis for Thorotrast exposure ranged from 2.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2-3.4) to 6.7 (5.1-8.7).
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  • Dosimetry of fission neutrons in a 1-W reactor, UTR-Kinki
    SATORU ENDO, EIJI YOSHIDA, YUSUKE YOSHITAKE, TETSUO HORIGUCHI, WENYI Z ...
    Article type: Regular papers
    2002 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 381-386
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.43.381
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    The energy spectrum of fission neutrons in the biological irradiation field of the Kinki University reactor, UTR-KINKI, has been determined by a multi-foil activation analysis coupled with artificial neural network techniques and a Au-foil activation method. The mean neutron energy was estimated to be 1.26 ± 0.05 MeV from the experimentally determined spectrum. Based on this energy value and other information, the neutron dose rate was estimated to be 19.7 ± 1.4 cGy/hr. Since this dose rate agrees with that measured by a pair of ionizing chambers (21.4 cGy/hr), we conclude that the mean neutron energy could be estimated with reasonable accuracy in the irradiation field of UTR-KINKI.
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  • Measurement of Residual 60Co Activity Induced by Atomic-bomb Neutrons in Nagasaki and Background Contribution by Environmental Neutrons
    KIYOSHI SHIZUMA, SATORU ENDO, MASAHARU HOSHI, JUN TAKADA, KAZUO IWATAN ...
    Article type: Regular papers
    2002 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 387-396
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.43.387
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    Residual 60Co activity in five steel samples induced by neutrons from the Nagasaki atomic bomb has been measured within about 1000 m from the hypocenter. The chemical separation of cobalt and nickel from steel samples was performed, and cobalt-enriched samples were prepared for all samples. Gamma-ray measurements were carried out with a low-background well-type germanium detector.
    The gamma-ray spectra for five samples were compared with the spectrum of a control sample to ensure that the observed 60Co was actually induced by A-bomb neutrons. The activation of cobalt by environmental neutrons was also investigated. It has been shown that the present 60Co data are consistent with earlier Hashizume's data.
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  • Relative Biological Effectiveness of Fission Neutrons for Producing Micronuclei in the Root-tip Cells of Onion Seedlings after Irradiation as Dry Seeds
    WENYI ZHANG, SATORU ENDO, MASAYORI ISHIKAWA, HIDEO IKEDA, MASAHARU HOS ...
    Article type: Regular papers
    2002 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 397-403
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.43.397
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    The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of mixed neutron and gamma-ray radiation emitted at a 252Cf source at the Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, compared with 60Co gamma-ray radiation was determined. The tissue-absorbed dose contribution of the accompanying gamma radiation was about 35.7% to the total tissue-absorbed dose from the 252Cf mixed radiation. The 252Cf mixed radiation and 60Co gamma rays produced approximate linear changes in the frequency of micronuclei induced in root-tip cells of Allium cepa L. onion seedlings after irradiation as dry dormant seeds with varying absorbed doses in onion seeds. Therefore, the RBE for radiation-induced micronuclei was calculated as the ratio of the slopes for the 252Cf mixed radiation and the 60Co gamma rays. The deduced RBE value of 252Cf mixed radiation to 60Co gamma rays to induce micronuclei in dry dormant onion seed cells was about 90.5 ± 3.6 (± 1σ); the RBE of neutrons from the 252Cf mixed radiation was about 150 ± 6 (± 1σ). Furthermore, the sensitivity ratio of the induction rate of micronuclei in dry dormant seeds to that in seedlings by neutrons from 252Cf mixed radiation was significantly different from that by 60Co gamma rays. From these results, we concluded that the repair efficiency of DNA damage induced by neutrons may be different from that by gamma rays.
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