人工臓器
Online ISSN : 1883-6097
Print ISSN : 0300-0818
ISSN-L : 0300-0818
10 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の98件中1~50を表示しています
  • 浅野 献一
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 905
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 斉藤 明, 鄭 大基, 金沢伊 佐子, 小田 治, 太田 明宏
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 907-911
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Hemodiafiltration repeating a period without filtering protein and one filtering considerable albumin, transferrin, etc. per treatment, switched for 2-3 mos have been performed in 3 patients with numerous complications. Changes in clinical conditions have been observed and the ultrafiltrate obtained from the hemofilters was analyzed. The Rhône-Peulenc RP-6 and the Toray BlL was used for the non-albumin filtering hemofilter and the Cordis Dow Duo-flux, for the albumin filtering hemofilter.
    Several effects were seen at Duo-flux treatment period. Elevation of hematocrit was striking, ectopic calcification unable to be treated at RP-6 and BlL treatment period disappeared in 2 patients and pruritus and irritation was eliminated in the 2 patients.
    Although 5-8g of protein was lost at Duo-flux treatment period, there was no reduction in serum total protein and transferrin. Nine kinds of protein with molecular weight smaller than transferrin (8, 000 dalton) were detected in the ultrafiltrate obtained at Duo-flux treatment period. Although a striking increase of removal was seen at fraction a which is of the highest molecular weight out of middle molecular fractions, there was no difference in the removal of middle molecular fractions smaller than this.
  • 酒井 清孝
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 912-915
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Membranes are usually used in the recent artificial kidney to purify the contaminated blood of renal failure patients. For example, in hemofiltration with artificial membrane, there are lots of problems to be solved. The comparison of hemofiltration between with artificial and glomerulus basement membrane may reveal these major problems.
    In this report, performance evaluation with respect to both hydraulic and solute permeability was done by using Verniory's modified pore theory for GBM (glomerulus basement membrane) and artificial membranes already developed.
    For membranes of plasmaseparator recently used in plasmapheresis, the comparison of hydraulic permeability was also carried out.
    Glomerulus (biological module) and filter (artificial module) were evaluated from the various points, hydraulic and solute permeability consequently depended upon not only performance of membrane but also design and operating conditions of a module.
  • 粟田 僚一, 大坪 修, 渡辺 俊文, 内間 高夫, 草場 亮輔, 野崎 治重, 野口 康夫, 泉 康伸, 稲生 綱政
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 916-919
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new hemofilter developed in our laboratory.
    The new hemofilter used as a hollow fiber type is made of polysulfon membrane with two layers, inside being a skin layer and outside a sponge layer.
    This material was employed as hemofilter in an experiment using normal (n=12) and uremic (n=4) dogs.
    The following property of this membrane was found, 1) UFR was 7-91/hr·m2 and UFRP was 20-25ml/hr·mmHg·m2 at TMP 350mmHg,
    2)Low-molecular weight solutes such as urea and creatinine permeated freely through this membrane,
    3)Albumin did not permeate,
    4)This membrane was superior in thromboresistance to other membranes presently used.
    In conclusion, a new membrane material was introduced as a hemofilter and the possibility of applying this membrane in clinical use is discussed.
  • 浦田 義之, 小笠 原陽, 雨宮 時夫, 佐藤 卓, 北岡 建樹, 高野 康二, 佐藤 長典, 辻川 肇, 増田 利明, 福井 清
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 920-923
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Dialysate flow rate has conventionally been determined at 500ml/min without any definite theoretical basis. In order to save consumption of dialysate, there is a reasonable need to develope a dialyser which achieve same performance with lower flow rate.
    In present study, we developed a new type of dialyser which fits to this purpose. Actually, it is called lowflow dialyser able to achieve same efficiency with dialysate flow at 200ml/min.
    In this design, the blood flows in parallel and dialysate in series through two bundles of hollow fiber.
    Experiments were done in vitro and in vivo by uremic dog with successful results. Clinical test was also seccessful. The newly designed low flow dialyser is a mile stone for better artificial kidney.
  • 松田 兼一, 竹沢 真吾, 酒井 清孝, 中西 光, 井上 政昭
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 924-927
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this report is to propose the optimum shape of hemofilter and plasma separator in terms of mass transfer model.
    The axial distribution of ultrafiltration rate (UFR) and sieving coefficient (SC) is theoretically derived by considering factors, which are the behavior of protein conc., blood flow rate, viscosity, diffusivity, membrane permeability, reflection coefficient and mass transfer coefficient. In order to examine this medel, Kiil Type module is designed to have 12 filtrate-sampling parts which are aligned axially. Cytochrome C solution is chosen to be filtered through cellulose acetate membrane in this module.
    UFR decreases drastically after one-third from the inlet and SC maintains almost constant, which can be simulated successfully by the mass transfer model.
    In the case of same membrane area, a module should be consequently divided into as many compartments as possible which have a wide and short membrane.
  • 峰島 三千男, 中山 滋, 酒井 清孝, 西本 裕美子
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 928-931
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The pulsatile flow has been observed to reduce the mass transfer resistance which is existed in the counter-current flow system like hemodialysis (HD). In hemofiltration(HF), it must also be effective for decreasing the thickness of concentration polarization and/or protein gel layer.
    The performance of pulsatile flow was examined experimentally both in HD and HF.
    The comparison of mass transfer effects between pulsatile flow, blood pump flow and constant flow was done in vitro.
    In HD, mass transfer coefficient was increased with higher amplitude and lower constant flow ratio, and had a peak at the frequency of 100min-1.
    In HF, the ultrafiltration rate (UFR) with blood side pulsatile flow was 10% and 20% higher than that with blood pump flow and constant blood flow respectively.
  • 大田 和宏
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 932
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 山下 明泰, 吉本 達雄, 善本 勝男, 酒井 糾, 酒井 清孝
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 933-936
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Dialyzers, used in HDF, have high hydraulic permeability. They make i t easy to collect extra sodium from body water especially in high sodium concentration therapy. We evaluated the HDF therapy employing high sodium concentration in the substitute fluid or dialysate in this report. The storage of dialysate drainage taught us total amounts of solute (or sodium) removal M (or M Na+). Then we knew that M has no relationship to sodium concentration but dialyzer clearance. And we can hardly know sodium concentration exactly, so it is quite difficult to calculate M Na+). It means that the evaluation of high sodium concentration therapy by M Na+ is impossible. We concluded that every patient has his own fitted sodium concentration in each therapy.
  • H. TANAKA, S. YAMAGAMI, T. KISHIMOTO, M. MAEKAWA, M. KAI, K. ISHII
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 937-940
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Clinical performance of YD-I (Daicel Chemical Ind. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), a newly developed patient controller for hemofiltration (HF), was studied in the 66 clinical trials. Hemofresh (Daicel Chemical Ind. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was employed as a filter and at least 18L of body fluid exchange was performed with post dilution method. The indicated values of the device for total ultrafiltrate and total substitution fluid were compared with the actually measured values. The errors between the both values were 0.3±0.22 and 0.4±0.29% (Mean±SD), respectively, which proves the high precision of the volumetric measuring system utilyzing a microcomputer. It is proved that an easy and safe operation is possible with YD-I.
  • 石川 厚史, 山下 明泰, 峰島 三千男, 酒井 清孝, 西本 裕美子, 柴田 昌雄, 中西 光, 井上 政昭
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 941-944
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Hemopurification therapy is operated at present based upon each doctor's judgement. The purpose of this research is to establish the automatic control of dialysis therapy using desk-top computer.
    At first, removal dynamics of uremic toxin in a body and in a module was analysed both with pool model and mass transfer model. Applying these techniques, CL, DB and CB(0) can be obtained from dialysate concentration alone. The change of blood concentration with time can be also estimated only from the analysis of dialysate concentration. The calculated values of the blood concentration were found to agree well with the experimental values.
    Next, an optimum schedule of the dialysis therapy was derived from the concept of maximum solute concentration in stable periods. The condition of the therapy would be chosen to fit this schedule.
  • S. YAMAGAMI, K. EZAKI, I. SUGIMURA, H. TANAKA, T. KISHIMOTO, M. MAEKAW ...
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 945-948
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to investigate the glucose tolerance in chronic renal failure, ivGTT was carried out and its results were analyzed by computer simulation. The result showed that the reaction of glucose and insulin in the living body is faster in HF than in HD and was improved to normal subjects. It is considered that the improvement of peripheral insulin activity and the removal of insulin antagonists by HF treatment may account for the improvement of glucose intolerance, which proves the superiority of HF.
  • 草刈 修一, 酒井 糾, 南部 正人, 片岡 浩, 国友 哲之輔, 菊地 哲也
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 949-952
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to render dialysis therapy more comfortable and efficient, not only permeability of membranes for various solutes and fluid but also biocompatibility of membranes should be taken into consideration. Through our measurement of permeability and changes in serum concentration of β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and myoglobin (Mb) in two patients undergoing HF with PMMA (Bl-L) and PAN (RP-6, PAN-15) hemofilters and HD with cellulosic dialyzers, we found that serum β2-MG and Mb changed differently depending on the kind of membranes during both intra- and inter-dialytic period. We also observed behavior of immunoglobulin and complement during treatment. Data obtained, thus far suggest that in some patients generation of β2-MG, Mb, IgG or IgA can be increased by use of some kind of membranes (i. e., β2-MG, Mb by PAN-15) and that β2-MG and Mb can be used not only as a model substance of middle molecules but also as an indicator of biocompatibility of membranes.
  • 竹沢 真吾, 横井 博嗣, 酒井 清孝, 東 仲宣, 鈴木 満, 中西 光, 井上 政昭
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 953-956
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The high speed liquid chromatography (HSLC) has been commonly used for the analysis of middle molecule substances (MM). This is because of easily detecting many materials in a serum which are sensitive to various detectors. The deproteined serum of the patient on routine maintemance hemodialysis was analyzed with HSLC and the parameters in the two pool model were then determined. Two unknown paramerters such as cell membrane clearance (Kc) and solute generation rate (G) could be estimated by the trial & error method on a computer. The input of these postulated values into the equations for the pool model is adjusted until a best fit to the data from HSLC analysis is found.
    The value of Kc for MM peaks was found to be very small (Table 2). In the case of No, 1, MM concentration in peak a5 is very sensitive to clearance (CL).
    MM is more suitable for a marker showing the extent of rejection on kidney transplantation than creatinine so far used clinically.
  • 酒井 糾
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 957
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 梅津 光生, 川副 浩平, 藤井 尚文, 青野 信卓, 江郷 洋一, 高野 久輝, 藤田 毅, 曲直 部寿夫, 阿久津 哲造
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 958-962
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have studied the performance of commercially available prosthetic heart valves seven mechanical valves and six biological valves) by the use of our in-vitro test apparatus. Following the steady flow study, hemodynamic performance of prostheses were compared. Our pulse duplicator system consists of a pneumatic driven pulsatile pump, natural rubber tubes, compliance regulating tanks and needle valves. Various types of valves can be inserted in the pump inlet and outlet. At the aortic position output and pressure gradient were found to be similar in all valves except for the ball valve. At the mitral position, however, pressure gradient showed difference among the valves; the gradient across porcine xenografts and ball valve were higher than those across disc valves and bovine pericardial xenografts.
  • 藤井 尚文, 川副 浩平, 青野 信卓, 江郷 洋一, 小坂井 嘉夫, 小原 邦義, 鬼頭 義次, 藤田 毅, 曲直 部寿夫, 梅津 光生, ...
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 963-966
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The hydrodynamic characteristics of small size (17mmφ, 19mmφ, 2lmmφ) Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenograft (ISPX) was evaluated in steady flow and a pulse duplicator system, and secured the good assesments.
    176 ISPX have been implanted in 157 patients between August 1979 and October 1981. All small size ISPX were implanted in aortic positon and the number of these valves used was 2 of 17mmφ, 16 of 19mmφ and 27 of 2lmmφ.
    The mean pressure gradient was 21.0mmHg with the 17mmφ valve, 17.3mmHg with the 19mmφ valve and 19.4mmHg with 2lmmφ valve.
    There have been no thromboembolic episode and no valve dysfunction.
    The hemodynamic characteristics of small size ISPX was satisfactrily and the incidence of thromboembolism is very low, and we will continue our clinical use of small size ISPX.
  • 中埜 粛, 広瀬 一, 松田 暉, 島崎 靖久, 佐藤 重夫, 平中 俊行, 中谷 武嗣, 川島 康生, 河内 寛治
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 967-970
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Hemodynamic studies were performed at rest and during exercise in the 6 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement with porcine xenograft and in the 15 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve.
    (I) Porcine Xenograft:
    The mean diastolic gradient elevated from 7.1mmHg at rest to 18.0mmHg during exercise in average, with a wide range of 5.5mmHg to 32.0mmHg. It seemed to be clarified that valve function of porcine xenograft in mitral position varied from valve to valve, with marginal hemodynamic function.
    (II) Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve:
    There was no pressure gradient across the valve during exercise in the larger than #25 of valve size. On the other hand, the smaller than #23 of valve size showed significant pressure gradient (23.4mmHg at rest; 40.6mmHg during exercise), It is considered to be preferable that these smaller ones should be avoided to be used where feasible.
  • 小机 敏昭, 鈴木 茂, 新井 達太
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 971-974
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Postoperative hemodynamics of 36 patients who underwent valve replacement was evaluated. The 17 patients underwent AVR (BS11, SJM5, H1), the 6 patients, AVR+CNC (BS) and the 13 patients, MVR (BS6, SJM2, H1, ISL).
    In AVR group, the Björk-Shiley valve was stable hemodynamics at tachycardia state, for example when the heart rate was 120/min, cardiac output showed 5.08±0.27L/min in the Björk-Shiley valve, 4.77±0.43L/min in the SJM valve.
    In MVR group, the Ionescu-Shiley valve was good hemodynamics as the heart rate increased, for example the cardiac output showed 3.95±0.35L/min at spontaneous rate, 4.86±0.32L/min at 80/min, 4.91±0.33L/min at 100/min and 4.94±0.51L/min at 120/min.
    In conclusion, the Björk-Shiley valve was better for the aortic valve replacement, and the Ionescu-Shiley valve was better for the mitral valve replacement.
  • 福増 廣幸, 神野 君夫, 金 京史, 山口 勝雄, 大頭 信義
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 975-979
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    When the total artificial heart was implanted in the animal, only left-side inflow valve has been often damaged or destroyed in the long term survivors, which suggested that the left inflow valve was exposed to more stress of high pressure than the outflow valve. Specially designed In Vitro experiments and retrospective evaluation of longterm clinical implantation with the various types of artificial valve suggests that the aortic valve requires lower pressure tolerance than a valve in the mitral position. The tissue valves may be more suitable in the aortic position than in the mitral position and protect the myocardial functions for a long term. The mechanical valve with higher pressure tolerance may present satisfactory function as the inflow valve with a sick heart.
  • 木島 利彦, 赤松 映明, 城山 友廣, 福増 廣幸
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 980-983
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    As a prosthetic heart valve for the pulsatile extracorporeal assist device, a ducted ball valve has been developed. A conventional ball valve, compared with disc- or leaflet valve, is rather simple in structure, but high in pressure loss. This poor hydrodynamic property is caused by its small valve-seat orifice and the generation of disturbed wake vortex. However, if the ball is installed in a well-contoured duct, the pressure loss is supposed to be much reduced.
    So, we made three kinds of contour of the duct including a semi-straight tube. In a non-pulsatile flow, the pressure loss was measured and the flow pattern in the wake region of the ball was visualized by a dye tracer. Further, in a pulse duplicator, the flow rate, the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the valve, and the movement of the ball were observed.
    The contour (type (C)), along which the pressure (velocity) is to be constsnt, was the most favorable; it proved to have the lowest pressure loss, the narrowest vortex region, the lowest regurgitant flow, and the most stable movement of the ball.
    Therefore, this valve was chosen to compare with a Bjork-Shiely valve and a St.Jude Medical valve in a non-pulsatile flow and a pulse duplicator. This ducted ball valve proved to be as low in pressure loss as the SJM valve. And the regurgitant flow during the valve closing period and the impulsive pressure induced by water hammer effect at the instant of valve closure were both the lowest.
    In conclusions, the ball valve installed in the well-contoured duct proved to have an excellent hydrodynamic performance. Therefore, this ducted ball valve may be expected to take the place of the present disc- and leafletvalves as a prosthetic valve for pulsatile extracorporeal assist device.
  • 小柳 仁
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 984
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 渡部 智, 中村 達雄, 清水 慶彦, 寺松 孝, 日野 常稔
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 985-988
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    We previously described a new method of producing antibacterial biomedical materials by the immobilization of lysozyme and a polypeptide antibiotic Polymyxin B onto the surface of collagen-synthetic polymer composite material. We have developed another method of producing antibacterial biomedical materials by mixing broad spectrum antibiotics, Cephalexin and Tobramycin, with the collagen membrane layer of collagen-synthetic polymer composite material. This antibiotic-mixed composite material showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The elution rate of antibiotics from the collagen membrane layer can be controlled considerably by glutaraldehyde cross-linking treatment of the collagen. This antibiotic-mixed composite material adapted better to the rabbit's dorsal subcutaneous tissue in the earlier stage of implantation than composite material without mixed antibiotic.
  • 大城 孟, 城戸 良和, 小川 嘉誉, 神前 五郎, 高木 邦彦
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 989-992
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Despite the dramatic advance of medical polymeric material, we can not get yet the clinical available material with high antithrombogenicity. Under this situation, we devised the urokinase-treated Evatate intravenous catheter for total parenteral nutrition. This report presented the possibility of clinical application of our catheters, on which urokinase was immobilized by the differential conditions of pH in urokinase solution.
    The results are as follows:
    1) They, 1.5mm in outer diameter and 40cm in length, have the fibrinolytic activity of 10.6±0.8 units/10cm of tube in pH 6.0 prepared catheter and 36.6±1.9 units/10cm of tube in pH 4.0 prepared catheter.
    2) These activities gradually decreased after the intravenous catheterization and reached to the level of 3.9-1.7 units/10cm of tube after one week.
    3) They showed the excellent antithrombogenicity in clinical trials and the thrombus formation was observed in no more than 10% of all catheters.
    We suppose that this technique could be utilized in many kind of medical fields.
  • 森 有一, 長岡 昭二, 滝内 秀文, 丹沢 宏, 菊地 哲也, 野一色 泰晴
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 993-996
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The polymer with the long PEO chains (PVC-g-M100G) was synthesized by graft-copolymerization of methoxypolyethyleneglycolmethacrylate to polyvinylchloride. The effect of the long PEO chains on the antithrombogenicity was investigated in in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies revealed that the PEO chains which protract from the surface into blood phase effectively prevent the platelet adhesion and protein adsorption due to the effect of volume restriction repulsion. On the surface of PVC-g-M100G implanted in the jugular and femoral veins, neither platelet adhesion nor fibrin deposition was observed for up to 72 days. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopic studies showed the plasma proteins adsorption via the long PEO chains.
  • Yoshiharu MIURA, Sadayoshi AOYAGI, Kouichi HIROTA, Toshiko FUJINO, Fuj ...
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 997-1000
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    In a shear field, platelet aggregation was induced by ADP liberated from injured erythrocytes, and thereby free platelet counts were significantly decreased in rabbit whole blood. The enzymatic elimination of inducer ADP was effective for the prevention of platelet aggregation. For this purpose, apyrase was immobilized on Sepharose 4B, nylon, and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. Immobilized preparations of apyras e could effectively decompose ADP and thus prevent platelet aggregation.
  • 今井 庸二, 渡辺 昭彦
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1001-1004
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Biocompatibility of a series of thermoplastic elastomers based on a semicrystalline poly (tetramethylene terephthalate) hard segment and a poly (oxytetramethylene) soft segment has been evaluated by cell culture method, and compared with that of the segmented polyurethanes reported previously. The segmented polyesters showed a little different cell growth curve, increased initial cell attachment and similar rate of cell growth as compared with the segmented polyurethanes. Difference of cell behavior between the polyesters and the polyurethanes would be due to different domain microstructure.
  • 寺松 孝
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1005
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 中林 宣男, 能美 玲子, 関口 孝, 中山 文義, 高橋 健, 秋沢 忠男, 越川 昭三, 太田 秀男, 石井 淳一
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1006-1009
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    We had reported microencapsulation of activated charcoal (AC) and coating of spherical AC with gelatin for direct hemoperfusion (DHP). Then poly-HEMA was chosen for the coating of pitch bead AC (BAC-MULL). The double coated AC with poly-HEMA is used in clinics. Recently non-coated AC (TN006) was evaluated for DHP and it was found that TN is a suitable adsorbent to remove toxins in blood directly by us. On the other hand uncoated BAC biocompatibly modified with heparin was proposed for DHP by Katakura et al. Uncoated AC, which has been washed carefully, rubbs each other during the packaging in column and particles might be formed by the rubbing when the AC is not hard and strong enough. Fortunately poly-HEMA membrane on the AC is very thin and the permeable resistance could be minimized.
    Four AC studied are three commercially available AC, BAC-MULL, MUAZ and MULE, and TN006 which is made of a polystyrene derivative. Compressive strengths were 4.0Kg (TN), 0.9 (LL), 0.8 (AZ) and 0.6 (LE). Numbers of released particle during agitation of three BAC coated twice with poly-HEMA and TN were counted. Order of particles released were the same of compressive values. Coating of BAC is strongly required to protect particle fragmentation. Creatinin clearances are not so different as shown in Fig. 1 and 3 when flow rate is slower than 200ml/min. MUAZ and MULE show better clearance than MULL and TN006 in adsorption of middle molecular solute. Marked difference was not observed in in vivo studies using three coated BAC and non-coated TN.
  • 斉藤 茂樹, 早坂 勇太郎, 阿岸 鉄三, 葛西 浩美, 江良 和雄, 高橋 公太, 東間 紘, 太田 和夫
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1010-1012
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Suppressor and growth soluble factor were well known as regulator in immuno response.
    Growth soluble factor was named Interleukin 1 (M. W 12, 000-18, 000) and Interleukin 2 (M. W 30, 000-35, 000) at the 2nd International lymphokine workshop in 1979.
    Amberlite XAD-2 has strong capacity of adsorption to growth soluble factor but not has adsorbability to serum proteins.
  • 新谷 英晴, 辻 楠雄, 大場 琢磨
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1013-1019
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Urea was removed effectively from serum by the treatment with strongly acidic cation exchange resin (H). But the concomitant change in pH of the treated serum was one of the problems involved in the application of ion exchange to clinical use.
    In order to settle this problem we have investigated the composition of the mixed bed which is capable of keeping pH constant as well as removing several uremic toxins including urea. The horse serum to which were added urea, uric acid, creatinine, meth ylguanidine and vitamine B12 was treated with various mixed beds, and changes in pH and in contents of these five additives were determined. As a result of testing several kinds of mixed beds of cation exchange resin (H) and cation exchange resin (Na) or cation exchange resin (H) and anion exchange resin (OH), the mixed bed of cation exchange resins 2000 (H) and 200C (Na) (1:9) was found to be the most suitable for both preventing change in pH and removing the five additives.
    Although ion exchange was effective in removing the low-molecular and high-polar substances, it was not suitable for removing the middle-molecular and low-polar substance. Then synthetic adsorbents, XAD2, 4, 7 or 8, with low (2, 4) or intermediate (7, 8) polarity were studied for their capacity for removing the low-polar substance. XAD7 was found to be suitable for removing vitamine B12 from the horse serum.
    The mixed bed of 2000 (H), 2000 (Na) and XAD7 (1:7:8), which was supposed to possess the broad adsorption spectrum, was found to be suitable for simultaneously romoving uremic toxins with various polarity.
    Hereafter the mixed bed of ion exchange resins and charcoal or other adsorbents instead of XAD7 will be studied.
  • ―Bence-Jones蛋白に対する検討―
    葛西 浩美, 早坂 勇太郎, 阿岸 鉄三, 斉藤 茂樹, 江良 和雄, 高橋 公太, 東間 紘, 太田 和夫
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1020-1023
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    About 60oof patients in myaloma weer failed to chronic renal failare. Many myeloma kidney were seen in patient of Bence-Jones type compared with macrogloblinaemia and so removal of free light chain in patient blood by adsorption is supposed to be meangful influence to kidney in order to at least minimized appearence of the symptoms. Amberlite XAD-7 has strong capacity of adsorption to Bence-Jones proteins.
  • 渡辺 俊文, 大坪 修, 粟田 僚一, 内間 高夫, 杉本 久之, 高橋 郁夫, 稲生 綱政, 高井 信治, 高橋 浩
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1024-1027
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Activated charcoal has been used as an adsorbent for direct hemoperfusion in the treatment of drug intoxication, renal and hepatic failure. None of charcoal materials presently employed were not satisfactory.
    We developed a new type of activated charcoal to improve its adsorbability. This material is made of micro-activated charcoal, its diameter ranging from 0.5 to 0.7mm, the effective surface area being 1, 300m2/gr and macro-polus being (more than 50Å) 20m2/gr.
    In the present study, in vitro and in vivo adsorption of Cr, Vit B, Bilirubin and amino acids including tyrosin, phenylalanin, valin and leucin, was tested with this material.
    It was concluded that the new charcoal was superior in adsorbability to conventional charcoal and it was particularly effective in the selective adsorption of aromatic amino acids.
  • 早坂 勇太郎, 阿岸 鉄三, 斉藤 茂樹, 葛西 浩美, 高橋 公太, 東間 紘, 太田 和夫
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1028-1031
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Suppressor and growth soluble factor were well known as regulator in immuno response.
    Removal of soluble factors specific by adsorption is supposed to be meangful in order to at least minimized apperarence of the symtoms.
    Adsorbability of 65 materials to both of suppressor and growth soluble factor has been investigeted by lymphocyte PHA or MLC reaction.
    Amberlite XAD-2 has strong capacity of adsorption to growth soluble factors, but not has adsorbability to serum proteins.
  • 阿岸 鉄三
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1032
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 内間 高夫, 大坪 修, 粟田 僚一, 渡辺 俊文, 野崎 治重, 草場 亮輔, 稲生 綱政, 高井 信治, 高橋 浩, 恒次 利幸
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1033-1036
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have previously reported a new type of charcoal derived from thermosetting resin (CTSR-1). Direct hemoperfusion (DHP) with this charcoal resulted a better bilirubin adsorption but it brought a marked decrease in blood cell counts.
    Here, we present an improved charcoal with poly-HEMA (CTSR-3). CTSR-3 was shown to be better than CTSR-1 in both bilirubin adsorption and cell counts. The release of microparticles from CTS R-3 into the blood circulation was less than that from other activated charcoal.
  • ―ビリルビン除去を中心に―
    川西 秀樹, 西亀 正之, 江崎 治夫, 土谷 太郎, 椙山 雅文, 中光 晴彦
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1037-1040
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    A hemoperfusion system has been developed in which powdered activated charcoal are embedded in a polyporous polyurethane sheet.
    In vitro adsorption studies have revealed that tree adsorption of bilirubin and other albumin bound substance by UPC is superior to that by non-coarted charcoal beads with low release of charcoal micro-particles.
    During batch test removal rate of bilirubin in jaundice dog serum was about 60% by UPC.
    Dogs with ligated bile duct were subjected to direct hemoperfusion (DHP) through UPC.
    As a result of these studies, removal rats of bilirubin was about 40%.
    There was a transient decrease in platelet and WBC during DHP with gradual recovery to the prevalue at the end of therapy.
    These studies suggest the UPC-DHP is effective in the treatment of FHF.
  • 松下 通明, 柴田 岳三, 川俣 孝, 円谷 敏彦, 柿田 章, 越野 勇, 今 忠正, 葛西 洋一, 駒井 喬, 福井 清
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1041-1044
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    XAD-4 is copolymer of styren-divinyl benzene with adsorbability for lipid-soluble and protein-bound substances, , being one of the most promising among various adsorbents for hepatic support.
    To improve the blood compatibility, the acetylated chitin coating of the XAD-4 which is named HNC-X has been adopted and evaluated adsorbability for serum bilirubin by 2 hours direct hemoperfusion (DHP) in dogs with obstructive jaundice.
    In vivo studies of DHP revealed HNC-X was effective to improve the blood compatibility and the adsorption for serum bilirubin.
    Platelet count was returned to the normal range by the end of the 2 hours DHP with HNC-X.
    Based on these studies, acetylated chitin coated XAD-4 (HNC-X) is believed to be available for the liver failure as hepatic assist.
  • 斎藤 明, 大木 豊和, 鄭 大基, 金沢 伊代子, 伊与田 辰一郎, 太田 和宏
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1045-1048
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Direct hemoperfusion using activated charcoal was performed in patients with hepatic coma. The charcoal used was extracted, and was fractionated into organic, aqueous phases. The organic phase was analysed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The analysis give 168 peaks from which 31 substances were identified. The aqueous phase was used for amino acid, amine and middle molecular analyses. Amine was fractionated on Dowex 50w x8 column and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Tyramine, spermine, spermidine, putrescine and 46 other amine peaks were detected. In the middle molecular analysis, the fractions, a and b, obtained by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-15 were further analysed by reversed-phase chromatography on μ Bondapak C18 column. 50 peaks were detected by UV absorption at 280nm and about 25 peptide peaks, by fluorometric detection.
  • 浅沼 義博, 小山 研二, 高木 靖, 大内 清昭, 三井 照夫, 今岡 洋一, 中川 国利, 芦野 吉和, 佐藤 寿雄, 能勢 之彦
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1049-1052
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The coma which develops during acute hepatic failure has been attributed to the accumulation of toxic metabolites such as ammonia, short chain fatty acids, mercaptans, aromatic amino acids and false neurotransmitters. To remove these “toxins”, the technique of membrane plasmapheresis with on-line plasma treatment with multiple sorbents has been developed and applied clinically. The system consists of cellulose acetate hollow fiber plasma separator, coated activated charcoal and an uncoated anion exchange resin. Five acute liver failure patients were treated for a total of 141 hours. Pre-post reductions were 31% for bilirubin, 37% for fatty acids and plasma molar ratio increased by 26%. Four of 5 regained consciousness and one is surviving. Treatment was expanded to include 5 primary biliary cirrhosis patients and one chronic renal failure patient with Alagille's disease. All 6 had intractable pururitus and elevated bile acid levels. They were treated for a total of 129 hours along with the reduction of serum bile acids with relief of pruritus. Repeated and long-term treatments are possible for acute and chronic hepatic insufficiency patients.
  • 葛西 洋一
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1053
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 中路 修平, 大島 宣雄
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1054-1057
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of shear rate on the rate of platelet adhesion and albumin adsorption onto polymer surfaces under controlled plate-flow conditions were studied in vitro. The experiments were carried out using human platelet-rich plasma and fluoresceine-isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin.
    Albumin adsorption rates onto polyethylenetelephthalate (PET) films was not affected by the shear rate for a range of shear rate from 0 to 141 sec-1 On the other hand, platelet adhesion onto PET films (from 0 to 99 sec-1) and fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP) films (from 0 to 33 sec-1) was greatly affected by the shear rate. The shear rate also affected the morphologicol feature of the platelets adhered on PET films.
  • 長岡 昭二, 森 有一, 丹沢 宏, 菊地 哲也
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1058-1061
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of chemical composition and higher order structure of heparinized hydrophilic graft copolymers on their properties has been studied. Chemical composition of graft copolymer was represented by the degree of graft ((weight of grafted polymer/weight of trunk polymer)×100 (%)). Both heparin content and heparin elution rate of heparinized graft copolymers increased with increasing degree of graft. Adhesion and deformation of the platelets on the surface of the heparinized graft copolymers with the degree of graft above 40 % was remarkably suppressed. But, adsorption of plasma protein to the graft copolymers with the degree of graft shove 90% had a tendency to increase. Therefore, the optimum range of the degree of graft was considered to be 40-80%. Excellent mechanical properties and controlled elution rate of heparin of these heparinized hydrophilic graft copolymers were correlated with higher order structure of graft copolymers.
  • 西村 隆雄, 前田 瑞夫, 井上 祥平, 渡辺 哲夫, 丸山 厚, 鶴田 禎二, 片岡 一則, 岡野 光夫, 桜井 靖久
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1062-1065
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Adhesion of rat lymphocytes on microphase separated surface of Polystyrene-Polyamine Comb-type copolymer was investigated. Adhesivity and shape change of lymphocytes can be suppressed by surface of SA copolymers coated with plasma protein. Also, separation of B cell and T cell can be achieved on albumin coated SA surfaces. Formation of microphase separated protein layer (with difference of amount and degree of conformational change) on SA surfaces was indicated by measurement of adsorbed amounts of albumin. We assume that this microphase separated protein layer may regulate redistribution of glycoproteins present at the plasmamenbrane, and may recognize the difference of B cell and T cell.
  • 前田 瑞夫, 木村 昌敏, 西村 隆雄, 井上 祥平, 片岡 一則, 岡野 光夫, 桜井 靖久, 鶴田 禎二
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1066-1069
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Polystyrene-polyamino acid graft copolymer was newly synthesized for the development of a specific cell separator. This copolymer was confirmed to have surface micro-domains of polyamino acid similar to the cell membrane. Adhesion behavior of rat mesenteric Lymph-node lymphocytes on graft copolymers was studied. Morphological change of lymphocytes adherent to the graft copolymers was less than that of cells adherent to homo-polymers, polystyrene and homopolyamino acid, probably due to the micro-domain structure of graft copolymers. Separation of T cell from B cell was examined using these copolymers in the absence of serum proteins. A selectivity was found to increase with the increase of the polyamino acid content, suggesting that synthetic polyamino acids have the ability to separate T cell from B cell without serum proteins. From these results, our newly developed graft copolymer having polyamino acid side chains is thought to be a promising material for the specific cell separator.
  • 由井 伸彦, 高橋 洋一, 讃井 浩平, 緒方 直哉, 片岡 一則, 岡野 光夫, 桜井 靖久
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1070-1073
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effect of crystallinity of polyamides on blood coagulation were investigated in terms of adhesion behavior of blood platelets. Polyamides having various crystallinity were synthesized and were annealed after coating on the glass beads. Then, platelets adhesion on these polyamides was evaluated by Microsphere column method. It was found that there was a correlation between adhesivity of platelets and crystallinity of polyamide. Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed that these polyamide surfaces formed microdomain structure composed of crystalline domains and amorphous domains. From these results, it was concluded that the distribution of microdomains (crystalline-amorphous) played an important role in platelets adhesion.
  • 島田 昌, 田原 博志, 杉山 徳栄, 篠原 功, 岡野 光夫, 片岡 一則, 桜井 靖久
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1074-1077
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have found that block and graft copolymers having hydrophilic-hydrophobic microphase separated structure often show good antithrombogenic activities. In this paper, block copolymers constructed with hydrophilic and hydrophobic chains were synthesized in order to clarify the role of microphase separated structure in interaction between polymer and blood platelets. On block copolymer surfaces, platelets adhered singly in a round shape compared with homopolymers. From the study of platelet function using aggregometer, it was revealed that the aggregating ability and the function of ATP release of platelets were not decreased after contacting with block copolymers. That is, block copolymers having microphase separated structure on their surfaces exhibited suppressing effect on deformation and activation of platelets which were not observed on homopolymer surfaces.
  • 大島 宣雄
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1078
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • ―Transcatheter embolizationへの応用―
    杉立 彰夫, 田中 満, 阪本 泉, 高木 邦彦, 神前 五郎
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1079-1082
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Blood clotting factor XIII (FXIII) and thrombin were immobilized on absorbable gelatin sponge, in an attempt to enhance the local accumulation of an insoluble fibrin clot.
    Two different types of the materials were devised: a “Mixed type” and a “Sandwich type”. The extent of fibrin formation was preliminarily studied in vitro and the immobilized materials were then clinically applied as thrombotic agent in therapeutic transcatheter embolization for the patients with a malignant hepatic neoplasm.
    In in vitro studies, a large amount of fibrin or blood clot was observed on the immobilized carriers when incubated in plasma or blood, respectively. With this materials, the blood coagula formed rapidly and was proved to produce an effective vascular occlusion.
    Clinical studies were performed using our newly devised materials, for 20 patients with malignant hepatic neoplaan: 18 were hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis and 2 were metastatic from a breast and from a sigma.
    After the embolization, the tutor stain of the liver di sappeared and there was no evidence of recanalization of the supplying arteries of the mass. The clinical effects of the embolization were followed up by CT-scan, laboratory investigations and in some cases, by a follow up angiography or microscopical studies and such proved the effects were excellent.
  • ―多項目血液連続モニタリング装置―
    権田 金治, 村勢 則郎, 斉藤 剛, 畠山 省四朗, 市野 学, 福井 康裕, 土肥 健純, 稲生 綱政, 杉本 久之
    1981 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 1083-1086
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The objectives of this study are to evaluate the possibilities of artificial control of living organs separated from animal body under the man-made different environment from biological systems, and to develop the artificial control unit for the room temperature preservation of living organs which will be provided for clinical implantation of internal organs.
    The multi-channel on-line blood monitor system has been developed, as a sub-system of the unit described above, for making it possible to analyze the blood components continuously and as many as possible by connecting directly with the living organ through the flow tube. The system is composed of the the flow-through electrode unit which contains six different type of electrodes except reference one, and of the computer system for the control of sampling, measurements and data analysis obtained. By using this system, it has become possible to monitor simultaneously and continuously the concentration of blood components, i. e., Pco2, Po2, Na+, K+, pH, glucose, HCO3-, total-CO2 and base excess.
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