巻号一覧
23 巻, 9-10 号
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秋山 武久1968 年 23 巻 9-10 号 p. 681-691
発行日: 1968/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1730K) -
第5報 血清学的性状江田 亨, 岩田 和夫1968 年 23 巻 9-10 号 p. 692-699
発行日: 1968/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーSerological properties were investigated in the unique staphylococcal strains, E 46 and E 97, which are coagulase-negative but deoxyribonuclease-positive, and which had been described in the preceding parts of the present series of papers. They were compared between these strains and typical strains of each of Staphylococcus aureus (E 111 and B 40) and S. epidermidis (E 241 and B 217). The four strains were also described in the same preceding papers. As antigen were used thimerosal-treated cells of each strain for the cross agglutination and the agglutinin absorption tests, and the condensed culture filtrate of each strain or the polysaccharide fraction from the E 46 strain for the precipitin reaction, and the same polysaccharide fraction for the skin test. Antisera were obtained from rabbits immunized with the killed cells mentioned above. The results obtained are as follows.
1) The immunologic tests revealed that both unique staphylococcal strains possessed the same antigenic structure, and that they had a common antigen with both strains of S. aureus, but not with either of the two strains of S. epidermidis.
2) As described in the first report of this series, the unique staphylococcal strains gave rise to diffuse colonies in the serum soft agar using normal rabbit serum or plasma, as well as the E. epidermidis strains did, wheres the S. aureus strains formed compact colonies. In the present similar experiments using such anti-rabbit sera as described previously, all the unique staphylococcal and S. epidermidis strains were converted to such extent as to form compact colonies in the case of their respective homologous antisera, but not in the case of their heterologous antisera, whereas the S. aureus strains were not affected at all either by the homologous or by the heterologous antisera.
Thus, it may be possible to confirm that the unique staphylococcal strains possess identical morphological, biological, and serological attributes and also intermediate properties between the typical strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, although they are much closer to the former species than the latter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3461K) -
第4報 リゾチーム活性による病原ブドウ球菌の同定岩田 和夫, 江田 亨, 富山 哲雄1968 年 23 巻 9-10 号 p. 700-707
発行日: 1968/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThe authors determined the optimal conditions for the lysozyme activity test to identify pathogenic staphylococci from various points of view. Besides, in an attempt to apply this test as a routine method, the usefulness of a modification of this test was checked as to a number of staphylococcal strains freshly isolated from human clinical materials. These strains were for interrelationships among coagulase, deoxyribonuclease, and other biological attributes. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) The optimal conditions were determined for checking the lysozyme activity of staphylococci by means of the agar plate method. For this purpose was used a plate of ca. 15ml of “lysozyme agar”, which consisted of heart-infusion agar (Eiken), 40g; acetone-dried cells of the Miccrococcus lysodeikticus ATCC 4698 strain, 1g; and distilled water, 1, 000ml, and which had been adjusted to pH 7.1±0.1. It was streaked, ca. 1cm long, with one loopful of the test organisms and incubated overnight at 37°C. After an incubation at 37°C for 24 hours was made the judgment. When a transparent zone was observed obviously around the colony formed, the test was regarded as positive, or the test strain was regarded as a lysozyme-producer. It was confirmed that under such conditions the zone was the clearest and widest.
2) By using this method, 509 strains isolated freshly were examined for lysozyme activity. As a result, a considerably good correlation was seen with coagulase production. Of 313 coagulase-positive strains, 349 were lysozyme-positive (98.9%). Of 153 coagulase-negative strains, 34 were lysozyme-positive (21.8%). This result was almost the same as that given by the phenolphthalein phosphatase test. It was a little inferior to that given by the DNase test, which showed such a close correlation as that obtained in the preceding investigation. The gelatin liquefaction, mannitol fermentation, and egg-yolk test were, however, considerably low in correlation with the coagulase test. This was especially the case with the coagulase-negative strains.
3) The grades of enzyme activity of the test strains were measured by the turbidity method and expressed in terms of lytic index. Fifty strains each of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were selected arbitrarily from the above strains. All the coagulase-positive strains were over 30 in lytic index. All the coagulase-negative strains were less than 20, except 3 strains which were a little higher.
Thus, it may be concluded that the lysozyme activity test is useful, as a routine method, for identification of pathogenic staphylococci, especially when carried out in combination with the coagulase and DNase test.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1047K) -
高橋 淑夫1968 年 23 巻 9-10 号 p. 708-714
発行日: 1968/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーUsing synthetic medium containing 7 amino acids, the influences of component amino acids and 8 synthetic peptides on the growth and α-toxin production of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated.
Test organisms were strain Terajima and 42 strains isolated from clinical specimens.
Among amino acids in the basic medium, tryptophan was harmful for both growth and α-toxin production.
The growth of strain Terajima was enhanced by the addition of β-alanyl-L-histidine, DL-alanyl-L-leucine or glycyl-L-asparagine respectively to the basic media containing 6, 5 or 4 amino acids, and the α-toxin production was accelerated by the addition of β-alanyl-L-histidine, glycyl-L-asparagine or glycyl-glycine to the same compositions. Also in the other 8 strains, the addition of β-alanyl-L-histidine, glycyl-L-asparagine and glycyl-glycine to the same compositions caused the acceleration of their α-toxin production.
It was likely that these promoting activities of growth and α-toxin production by peptides were due to the action of splitted component amino acids, because such promotion of peptides was completely replaced with the addition of component amino acids at equimolar concentration.
As for the other ingredients of the basic composition, sucrose was superior to glucose both for the growth and α-toxin production. In the early stage of incubation, the addition of nitrogen gas in the atmospheric air seemed more effective than carbon dioxide.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (681K) -
坂口 平, 鈴木 益子, 田村 順一, 横田 勝司1968 年 23 巻 9-10 号 p. 715-720
発行日: 1968/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーLipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted from the K minus strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with 45% phenol containing 3% NaCl. The resulting crude extract (Fr. I) was further fractionated by centrifugation at 100, 000×g. The precipitated fraction (Fr. II) showed high precipitin activity against O antiserum. Lethality for mice was observed in the Fr. II, but not in the supernatant fraction. The LPS (Fr. II) was hydrolyzed with 1% AcOH at 100° for 1 or 2 hours. The non-dialyzable fraction of the hydrolyzed LPS obtained in a cellophan bag indicated much lower precipitin activity than that of intact LPS.
These observations appeared to be the result of liberation of an acid-labile, immunologically active portion from the LPS.
Mice injected with the Fr. II died, showing typical endotoxic symptoms and diarrhea.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (728K) -
第1報 K抗原間の類縁関係について寺田 友次1968 年 23 巻 9-10 号 p. 721-726
発行日: 1968/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThe antigenic scheme of Virbrio parahaemolyticus is composed of ten O antigen groups and 32 K antigens. Cross agglutination, and absorption and gel-diffusion tests indicated that the K antigens of different serotypes were, in general, not reciprocally related to each other. The presence of reciprocal relationships of K antigens was noted between K14 and K30, and between K3 and K27.
1) The K antigen of strain 5001-62 (O5:K14) was proved to be identical with that of strain Ta 5 (O3:K30). There was no reciprocal relationship, however, between the O antigens of these serotypes.
2) The K antigens of strain 5245-62 (O2:K3) and strain 5023-62 (O2:K27) showed a close relationship to each other, although each of them had properties specific to itself.
3) Strain Ta 2 (O2:K2) and strain 5171-62 (O5:K16) were found to be entirely lacking in K antigens and have only O antigens.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1663K) -
加藤 幸一1968 年 23 巻 9-10 号 p. 727-737
発行日: 1968/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/19
ジャーナル フリーFive or ten days after a single injection with one gram of horse serum globulin, allergic reactions, such as edema and erythema, appeared in both ears of sensitized rabbits and continued to exist for 2 to 6 days. The frequency of occurrence of the reactions was about 60 per cent. Those reactions were also induced immediately after subcutaneous reinjection with one mg of the same antigen into the unilateral ear of rabbits which had been sensitized with a smaller amount of antigen than that which might be necessary to induce such delayed type of reactions as described above.
In sensitized rabbits which had developed allergic reactions, the level of antibody against horse serum globulin in the blood stream was proved to be higher than that in rabbits which had failed to develop allergic reactions.
These allergic reactions were prevented by subcutaneous injection with cortical steroid hormones for five or ten days after the sensitization of horse serum protein. Both glycyrrhizin and ACTH were also effective to relieve the reactions.
From these experimental results, it is suggested that the mechanism of steroid to prevent allergic reactions may not be simple. One of the factors related to this mechanism is to prevent the production of antibody, and another the anti-inflammatory effect of steroid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1431K)
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